Michigan Compiled Laws

Mich. Comp. Laws § 440.3115 (2026)

Incomplete instrument; definition; enforcement; alteration; burden.

✓ current as of July 2026

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UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE

Act 174 of 1962

440.3115 Incomplete instrument; definition; enforcement; alteration; burden.

Sec. 3115.

(1) "Incomplete instrument" means a signed writing, whether or not issued by the signer, the contents of which show at the time of signing that it is incomplete but that the signer intended it to be completed by the addition of words or numbers.

(2) Subject to subsection (3), if an incomplete instrument is an instrument under section 3104, it may be enforced according to its terms if it is not completed, or according to its terms as augmented by completion. If an incomplete instrument is not an instrument under section 3104, but, after completion, the requirements of section 3104 are met, the instrument may be enforced according to its terms as augmented by completion.

(3) If words or numbers are added to an incomplete instrument without authority of the signer, there is an alteration of the incomplete instrument under section 3407.

(4) The burden of establishing that words or numbers were added to an incomplete instrument without authority of the signer is on the person asserting the lack of authority.

History: 1962, Act 174, Eff. Jan. 1, 1964 ;-- Am. 1993, Act 130, Eff. Sept. 30, 1993

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 1 case, 2010–2010 · leading case: Livonia Prop. Holdings, L.L.C. v. 12840-12976 Farmington Road Holdings, L.L.C., 717 F. Supp. 2d 724 (E.D. Mich. 2010).

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Livonia Prop. Holdings, L.L.C. v. 12840-12976 Farmington Road Holdings, L.L.C., 717 F. Supp. 2d 724 (E.D. Mich. 2010). “§ 440.3115 (an incomplete instrument may be completed according to its terms, as augmented with authority of the signer; the burden of establishing that additions are without authority is on the person asserting the lack of authority).”

Annotations are extracted automatically from the opinions in the Syfert caselaw corpus and ranked by authority, recency, and treatment. Dots show Syfertize treatment of the citing case itself.