N.C. Gen. Stat. » Chapter 153A
NC General Statutes

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98 (2026)

Privacy of employee personnel records

✓ current as of July 2026
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(a) Notwithstanding the provisions of G.S. 132-6 or any other general law or local act concerning access to public records, personnel files of employees, former employees, or applicants for employment maintained by a county are subject to inspection and may be disclosed only as provided by this section. For purposes of this section, an employee's personnel file consists of any information in any form gathered by the county with respect to that employee and, by way of illustration but not limitation, relating to his application, selection or nonselection, performance, promotions, demotions, transfers, suspension and other disciplinary actions, evaluation forms, leave, salary, and termination of employment. As used in this section, "employee" includes former employees of the county.

(b) The following information with respect to each county employee is a matter of public record:

(1) Name.

(2) Age.

(3) Date of original employment or appointment to the county service.

(4) The terms of any contract by which the employee is employed whether written or oral, past and current, to the extent that the county has the written contract or a record of the oral contract in its possession.

(5) Current position.

(6) Title.

(7) Current salary.

(8) Date and amount of each increase or decrease in salary with that county.

(9) Date and type of each promotion, demotion, transfer, suspension, separation or other change in position classification with that county.

(10) Date and general description of the reasons for each promotion with that county.

(11) Date and type of each dismissal, suspension, or demotion for disciplinary reasons taken by the county. If the disciplinary action was a dismissal, a copy of the written notice of the final decision of the county setting forth the specific acts or omissions that are the basis of the dismissal.

(12) The office to which the employee is currently assigned.

(b1) For the purposes of this subsection, the term "salary" includes pay, benefits, incentives, bonuses, and deferred and all other forms of compensation paid by the employing entity.

(b2) The board of county commissioners shall determine in what form and by whom this information will be maintained. Any person may have access to this information for the purpose of inspection, examination, and copying, during regular business hours, subject only to such rules and regulations for the safekeeping of public records as the board of commissioners may have adopted. Any person denied access to this information may apply to the appropriate division of the General Court of Justice for an order compelling disclosure, and the court shall have jurisdiction to issue such orders.

(c) All information contained in a county employee's personnel file, other than the information made public by subsection (b) of this section, is confidential and shall be open to inspection only in the following instances:

(1) The employee or his duly authorized agent may examine all portions of his personnel file except (i) letters of reference solicited prior to employment, and (ii) information concerning a medical disability, mental or physical, that a prudent physician would not divulge to his patient.

(2) A licensed physician designated in writing by the employee may examine the employee's medical record.

(3) A county employee having supervisory authority over the employee may examine all material in the employee's personnel file.

(4) By order of a court of competent jurisdiction, any person may examine such portion of an employee's personnel file as may be ordered by the court.

(5) An official of an agency of the State or federal government, or any political subdivision of the State, may inspect any portion of a personnel file when such inspection is deemed by the official having custody of such records to be inspected to be necessary and essential to the pursuance of a proper function of the inspecting agency, but no information shall be divulged for the purpose of assisting in a criminal prosecution of the employee, or for the purpose of assisting in an investigation of the employee's tax liability. However, the official having custody of such records may release the name, address, and telephone number from a personnel file for the purpose of assisting in a criminal investigation.

(6) An employee may sign a written release, to be placed with his personnel file, that permits the person with custody of the file to provide, either in person, by telephone, or by mail, information specified in the release to prospective employers, educational institutions, or other persons specified in the release.

(7) The county manager, with concurrence of the board of county commissioners, or, in counties not having a manager, the board of county commissioners may inform any person of the employment or nonemployment, promotion, demotion, suspension or other disciplinary action, reinstatement, transfer, or termination of a county employee and the reasons for that personnel action. Before releasing the information, the manager or board shall determine in writing that the release is essential to maintaining public confidence in the administration of county services or to maintaining the level and quality of county services. This written determination shall be retained in the office of the manager or the county clerk, is a record available for public inspection and shall become part of the employee's personnel file.

(c1) Even if considered part of an employee's personnel file, the following information need not be disclosed to an employee nor to any other person:

(1) Testing or examination material used solely to determine individual qualifications for appointment, employment, or promotion in the county's service, when disclosure would compromise the objectivity or the fairness of the testing or examination process.

(2) Investigative reports or memoranda and other information concerning the investigation of possible criminal actions of an employee, until the investigation is completed and no criminal action taken, or until the criminal action is concluded.

(3) Information that might identify an undercover law enforcement officer or a law enforcement informer.

(4) Notes, preliminary drafts and internal communications concerning an employee. In the event such materials are used for any official personnel decision, then the employee or his duly authorized agent shall have a right to inspect such materials.

(c2) The board of county commissioners may permit access, subject to limitations they may impose, to selected personnel files by a professional representative of a training, research, or academic institution if that person certifies that he will not release information identifying the employees whose files are opened and that the information will be used solely for statistical, research, or teaching purposes. This certification shall be retained by the county as long as each personnel file so examined is retained.

(c3) Repealed by Session Laws 2016-108, s. 2(g), effective July 22, 2016.

(c4) Even if considered part of an employee's personnel file, the following information regarding any sworn law enforcement officer shall not be disclosed to an employee or any other person, unless disclosed in accordance with G.S. 132-1.4, or in accordance with G.S. 132-1.10, or for the personal safety of that sworn law enforcement officer or any other person residing in the same residence:

(1) Information that might identify the residence of a sworn law enforcement officer.

(2) Emergency contact information.

(3) Any identifying information as defined in G.S. 14-113.20.

(c5) Notwithstanding the requirements of this section, information shall be provided to the State Board of Elections from employee personnel records as provided in G.S. 163-22.

(d) The board of commissioners of a county that maintains personnel files containing information other than the information mentioned in subsection (b) of this section shall establish procedures whereby an employee who objects to material in his file on grounds that it is inaccurate or misleading may seek to have the material removed from the file or may place in the file a statement relating to the material.

(e) A public official or employee who knowingly, willfully, and with malice permits any person to have access to information contained in a personnel file, except as is permitted by this section, is guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor and upon conviction shall only be fined an amount not more than five hundred dollars ($500.00).

(f) Any person, not specifically authorized by this section to have access to a personnel file designated as confidential, who shall knowingly and willfully examine in its official filing place, remove or copy any portion of a confidential personnel file shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor and upon conviction shall only be fined in the discretion of the court but not in excess of five hundred dollars ($500.00). (1975, c. 701, s. 1; 1981, c. 926, ss. 1, 5-8; 1993, c. 539, ss. 1059, 1060; 1994, Ex. Sess., c. 24, s. 14(c); 2007-508, s. 6; 2008-194, s. 11(d); 2010-169, s. 18(e); 2015-225, s. 1; 2016-108, s. 2(g); 2018-13, s. 3.2(b); 2018-146, s. 6.1.)

 

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 21 cases (7 in the last 5 years), 1992–2026 · leading case: Catherine D. Netter v. Sheriff BJ Barnes, 908 F.3d 932 (4th Cir. 2018).
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Catherine D. Netter v. Sheriff BJ Barnes, 908 F.3d 932 (4th Cir. 2018). · cites it 5× “Third, he asserted that Netter had violated state law-namely, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98, which imposes criminal penalties for reviewing or disseminating information in county personnel files without authorization, subject to exceptions inapplicable here.”
News Reporter Co., Inc. v. Columbus Cnty., 646 S.E.2d 390 (N.C. Ct. App. 2007). · cites it 27× “Discussion The parties do not, on appeal, point to any issues of material fact for trial. Indeed, the pertinent facts are undisputed.”
Knight Publ'g Co. v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Hosp. Auth., 616 S.E.2d 602 (N.C. Ct. App. 2005). · cites it 9× “In addressing a question similar to the one before us in the present case, our Supreme Court analyzed N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98, which provides for the privacy of county employee personnel records.”
Elkin Tribune, Inc. v. Yadkin Cnty. Bd. of Cnty. Commissioners, 417 S.E.2d 465 (N.C. 1992). · cites it 27× “N.C.G.S. § 153A-98 provides in part: (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of G.”
Paschal v. Myers, 497 S.E.2d 311 (N.C. Ct. App. 1998). · cites it 6× “Further, any argument that defendant Myers somehow breached County personnel policy by permitting witnesses to remain in the room during his hearing, is specious as the County personnel policy specifically provides that “witnesses may attend” an appeal hearing before the County…”
Wind v. City of Gastonia, 738 S.E.2d 780 (N.C. Ct. App. 2013). · cites it 4× “, the names of the complainants, to make his determination not to sustain the complaints.”
Capital City Press v. Metro. Council, 696 So. 2d 562 (La. 1997). “05(7) (personal information in records regarding personnel of public bodies other than salaries and routine directory information); N.C. Gen.Stat. § 153A-98 (personnel files of employees, former employees or applicants for employment are not governed by the public records act);…”
Dickens v. Thorne, 429 S.E.2d 176 (N.C. Ct. App. 1993). “” Dickens’ complaint against the defendants is based on allegations that statements made by Thorne to a newspaper reporter constitute a “libel” and that “[t]he statements made by .”
Hicks v. Robeson Cnty., 187 F.R.D. 232 (E.D.N.C. 1999). · cites it 8× “Specifically, Defendants contend that N.C.Gen.Stat. § 153A-98 prohibits Defendants from disclosing the information requested by the Plaintiff.”
Revak v. Miller (E.D.N.C. 2020). · cites it 23× “The protective order entered in this case on August 27, 2019 provides: Information protected from public disclosure by N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98 that is produced by Defendants in response to a discovery request is, and is deemed, produced by order of this Court pursuant to N.”
Dial v. Robeson Cnty. (M.D.N.C. 2022). · cites it 13× “N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98. Under the statute, a county employee’s personnel file “consists of any information in any form gathered by the county with respect to that employee .”
DURHAM HERALD CO., INC. v. Cnty. of Durham, 435 S.E.2d 317 (N.C. 1993). · cites it 16× “We also allowed defendants’ petition for writ of supersedeas staying the trial court’s order pending determination of the appeal.”
Show all 21 citing cases →
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98(a) — 3 cases
News Reporter Co., Inc. v. Columbus Cnty., 646 S.E.2d 390 (N.C. Ct. App. 2007). “Discussion The parties do not, on appeal, point to any issues of material fact for trial. Indeed, the pertinent facts are undisputed.”
Wind v. City of Gastonia, 738 S.E.2d 780 (N.C. Ct. App. 2013). “, the names of the complainants, to make his determination not to sustain the complaints.”
Dial v. Robeson Cnty. (M.D.N.C. 2022). “N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98. Under the statute, a county employee’s personnel file “consists of any information in any form gathered by the county with respect to that employee .”
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98(b) — 1 case
Dial v. Robeson Cnty. (M.D.N.C. 2022). “N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98. Under the statute, a county employee’s personnel file “consists of any information in any form gathered by the county with respect to that employee .”
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98(b)(1) — 1 case
Revak v. Miller (E.D.N.C. 2020). “The protective order entered in this case on August 27, 2019 provides: Information protected from public disclosure by N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98 that is produced by Defendants in response to a discovery request is, and is deemed, produced by order of this Court pursuant to N.”
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98(c) — 3 cases
Dial v. Robeson Cnty. (M.D.N.C. 2022). “N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98. Under the statute, a county employee’s personnel file “consists of any information in any form gathered by the county with respect to that employee .”
McCarthy v. Cardella (W.D.N.C. 2020).
Revak v. Miller (E.D.N.C. 2021).
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98(c)(1) — 1 case
Revak v. Miller (E.D.N.C. 2020). “The protective order entered in this case on August 27, 2019 provides: Information protected from public disclosure by N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98 that is produced by Defendants in response to a discovery request is, and is deemed, produced by order of this Court pursuant to N.”
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98(c)(4) — 2 cases
Revak v. Miller (E.D.N.C. 2020). “The protective order entered in this case on August 27, 2019 provides: Information protected from public disclosure by N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98 that is produced by Defendants in response to a discovery request is, and is deemed, produced by order of this Court pursuant to N.”
Hicks v. Robeson Cnty., 187 F.R.D. 232 (E.D.N.C. 1999). “Specifically, Defendants contend that N.C.Gen.Stat. § 153A-98 prohibits Defendants from disclosing the information requested by the Plaintiff.”
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98(cl)(4) — 1 case
Wind v. City of Gastonia, 738 S.E.2d 780 (N.C. Ct. App. 2013). “, the names of the complainants, to make his determination not to sustain the complaints.”
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98(e) — 1 case
Catherine D. Netter v. Sheriff BJ Barnes, 908 F.3d 932 (4th Cir. 2018). “Third, he asserted that Netter had violated state law-namely, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98, which imposes criminal penalties for reviewing or disseminating information in county personnel files without authorization, subject to exceptions inapplicable here.”
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98(f) — 2 cases
Catherine D. Netter v. Sheriff BJ Barnes, 908 F.3d 932 (4th Cir. 2018). “Third, he asserted that Netter had violated state law-namely, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 153A-98, which imposes criminal penalties for reviewing or disseminating information in county personnel files without authorization, subject to exceptions inapplicable here.”
Kendrick v. Carter Bank & Trust, Inc. (W.D. Va. 2024).
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