(a) The paternity of a child born out of wedlock may be established by civil action at any time prior to such child's eighteenth birthday. A copy of a certificate of birth of the child shall be attached to the complaint. The establishment of paternity shall not have the effect of legitimation. The social security numbers, if known, of the minor child's parents shall be placed in the record of the proceeding.
(b) Proof of paternity pursuant to this section shall be by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence.
(c) No such action shall be commenced nor judgment entered after the death of the putative father, unless the action is commenced either:
(1) Prior to the death of the putative father;
(2) Within one year after the date of death of the putative father, if a proceeding for administration of the estate of the putative father has not been commenced within one year of his death; or
(3) Within the period specified in G.S. 28A-19-3(a) for presentation of claims against an estate, if a proceeding for administration of the estate of the putative father has been commenced within one year of his death.
Any judgment under this subsection establishing a decedent to be the father of a child shall be entered nunc pro tunc to the day preceding the date of death of the father.
(d) If the action to establish paternity is brought more than three years after birth of a child or is brought after the death of the putative father, paternity shall not be established in a contested case without evidence from a blood or genetic marker test.
(e) Either party to an action to establish paternity may request that the case be tried at the first session of the court after the case is docketed, but the presiding judge, in his discretion, may first try any pending case in which the rights of the parties or the public demand it.
(f) When a determination of paternity is pending in a IV-D case, the court shall enter a temporary order for child support upon motion and showing of clear, cogent, and convincing evidence of paternity. For purposes of this subsection, the results of blood or genetic tests shall constitute clear, cogent, and convincing evidence of paternity if the tests show that the probability of the alleged parent's parentage is ninety-seven percent (97%) or higher. If paternity is not thereafter established, then the putative father shall be reimbursed the full amount of temporary support paid under the order.
(g) Invoices for services rendered for pregnancy, childbirth, and blood or genetic testing are admissible as evidence without requiring third party foundation testimony and shall constitute prima facie evidence of the amounts incurred for the services or for testing on behalf of the child.
(h) Notwithstanding the time limitations of G.S. 1A-1, Rule 60 of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure, or any other provision of law, an order of paternity may be set aside by a trial court if each of the following applies:
(1) The paternity order was entered as the result of fraud, duress, mutual mistake, or excusable neglect.
(2) Genetic tests establish the putative father is not the biological father of the child.
The burden of proof in any motion to set aside an order of paternity shall be on the moving party. Upon proper motion alleging fraud, duress, mutual mistake, or excusable neglect, the court shall order the child's mother, the child whose parentage is at issue, and the putative father to submit to genetic paternity testing pursuant to G.S. 8-50.1(b1). If the court determines, as a result of genetic testing, the putative father is not the biological father of the child and the order of paternity was entered as a result of fraud, duress, mutual mistake, or excusable neglect, the court may set aside the order of paternity. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to affect the presumption of legitimacy where a child is born to a mother and the putative father during the course of a marriage. (1967, c. 993, s. 1; 1973, c. 1062, s. 3; 1977, c. 83, s. 2; 1981, c. 599, s. 14; 1985, c. 208, ss. 1, 2; 1993, c. 333, s. 3; 1995, c. 424, ss. 1, 2; 1997-154, s. 1; 1997-433, ss. 4.2, 4.10; 1998-17, s. 1; 2005-389, s. 3; 2011-328, s. 1.)
Notes of Decisions
Cited in
84
cases (
21 in the last 5 years), 1974–2025 · leading case:
Rosero v. Blake, 563 S.E.2d 248 (N.C. Ct. App. 2002).
Rosero v. Blake, 563 S.E.2d 248 (N.C. Ct. App. 2002).
· cites it 48× “" N.C. Gen.Stat. § 49-14 (1999). Upon compliance with provisions of any of the above statutes, the putative father of an illegitimate child achieves a legal status equal to that of the child's mother: 1.”
Rosero v. Blake, 581 S.E.2d 41 (N.C. 2003).
· cites it 13× “§ 49-10 or sought a judicial determination of paternity as provided for in N.C.G.S. § 49-14. Kayla continued to reside with defendant in North Carolina but visited regularly with plaintiff and his wife in Oklahoma.”
Tidwell v. Booker, 225 S.E.2d 816 (N.C. 1976).
· cites it 11× “The present action was brought within that time. In such civil action, just as in a criminal action brought under GS 49-2, paternity must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Bell v. Martin, 264 S.E.2d 101 (N.C. 1980).
· cites it 5× “First, we hold that a paternity suit maintained under G.S. 49-14 is a civil action the purpose of which is to force a father to recognize and support his illegitimate child.”
Smith v. Bumgarner, 443 S.E.2d 744 (N.C. Ct. App. 1994).
· cites it 16× “In a civil action to establish paternity of an alleged illegitimate child pursuant to G.S. § 49-14 et seq., does the failure to properly join that child justify dismissal of the action? We conclude, for two reasons, that the order of the trial court dismissing this action must…”
Stockton v. Est. of Thompson, 600 S.E.2d 13 (N.C. Ct. App. 2004).
· cites it 16× “§ 49-16 may intervene in a civil paternity action commenced pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 49-14 . Terry Darnell Thompson (decedent) died on 1 September 2001 in a motorcycle accident.”
Smith v. Barbour, 571 S.E.2d 872 (N.C. Ct. App. 2002).
· cites it 7× “When paternity is disputed in a legitimation action, the clerk is required to “transfer the proceeding to the appropriate court.”
Smith v. Price, 340 S.E.2d 408 (N.C. 1986).
· cites it 3× “In a paternity action under N.C.G.S. § 49-14, the plaintiff must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is the father of the child whose paternity is in issue.”
Belfield v. Weyerhaeuser Co., 335 S.E.2d 44 (N.C. Ct. App. 1985).
· cites it 3× “Lucas, supra, we held that a time limitation then contained in G.S. 49-14 regarding civil actions to establish paternity was only procedural and not substantive, and therefore estop-pel arising from defendant’s conduct could bar dismissal for failure to timely file an action for…”
Reynolds v. Motley, 385 S.E.2d 548 (N.C. Ct. App. 1989).
· cites it 9× “Because there has been no showing to the contrary, defendant is presumed to have been present in North Carolina, the responding state, and thus our State’s substantive laws apply to determine defendant’s duties of support. Pieper, supra.”
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 49-14(a) — 5 cases
Reynolds v. Motley, 385 S.E.2d 548 (N.C. Ct. App. 1989).
“Because there has been no showing to the contrary, defendant is presumed to have been present in North Carolina, the responding state, and thus our State’s substantive laws apply to determine defendant’s duties of support. Pieper, supra.”
Smith v. Bumgarner, 443 S.E.2d 744 (N.C. Ct. App. 1994).
“In a civil action to establish paternity of an alleged illegitimate child pursuant to G.S. § 49-14 et seq., does the failure to properly join that child justify dismissal of the action? We conclude, for two reasons, that the order of the trial court dismissing this action must…”
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 49-14(b) — 4 cases
Rosero v. Blake, 563 S.E.2d 248 (N.C. Ct. App. 2002).
“" N.C. Gen.Stat. § 49-14 (1999). Upon compliance with provisions of any of the above statutes, the putative father of an illegitimate child achieves a legal status equal to that of the child's mother: 1.”
Tidwell v. Booker, 225 S.E.2d 816 (N.C. 1976).
“The present action was brought within that time. In such civil action, just as in a criminal action brought under GS 49-2, paternity must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt.”
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 49-14(c) — 1 case
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 49-14(c)(2) — 1 case
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 49-14(c)(l) — 1 case
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 49-14(d) — 1 case
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 49-14(h) — 2 cases
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