Ohio Rev. Code » Chapter 119
Ohio Revised Code

Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12 (2026)

Appeal by party adversely affected - notice - record - hearing - judgment

✓ current as of May 2026
Find cases: SyfertCases citing this section ORCcodes.ohio.gov (official) Justiaon Justia CornellLII Search CasesGoogle Scholar
Effective:
October 3, 2023
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 21 (GA 135), House Bill 33 (GA 135)
PDF:
Download Authenticated PDF
 

(A) Any party adversely affected by any order of an agency issued pursuant to an adjudication may appeal from the order of the agency to the court of common pleas of the county designated in division (B) of this section.

(B) An appeal from an order described in division (A) of this section shall be filed in the county designated as follows :

(1) Except as otherwise provided in division (B)(2) of this section, an appeal from an order of an agency issued pursuant to an adjudication denying an applicant admission to an examination, denying the issuance or renewal of a license or registration of a licensee, revoking or suspending a license, or allowing the payment of a forfeiture under section 4301.252 of the Revised Code shall be filed in the county in which the place of business of the licensee is located or the county in which the licensee is a resident.

(2) An appeal from an order issued by any of the following agencies shall be made to the court of common pleas of Franklin county or the court of common pleas in the county in which the place of business of the licensee is located or the county in which the licensee is a resident:

(a) The liquor control commission;

(b) The Ohio casino control commission;

(c) The state medical board;

(d) The state chiropractic board;

(e) The board of nursing;

(f) The bureau of workers' compensation regarding participation in the health partnership program created in sections 4121.44 and 4121.441 of the Revised Code.

(3) Appeals from orders of the fire marshal issued under Chapter 3737. of the Revised Code shall be to the court of common pleas of the county in which the building of the aggrieved person is located.

(4) Appeals under division (B) of section 124.34 of the Revised Code from a decision of the state personnel board of review or a municipal or civil service township civil service commission shall be taken to the court of common pleas of the county in which the appointing authority is located or, in the case of an appeal by the department of rehabilitation and correction, to the court of common pleas of Franklin county.

(5) If any party appealing from an order described in division (B)(1), (2), or (6) of this section is not a resident of and has no place of business in this state, the party shall appeal to the court of common pleas of Franklin county.

(6) Any party adversely affected by any order of an agency issued pursuant to any other adjudication may appeal to the court of common pleas of Franklin county or the court of common pleas of the county in which the business of the party is located or in which the party is a resident.

(C) This section does not apply to appeals from the department of taxation.

(D) Any party desiring to appeal shall file a notice of appeal with the agency setting forth the order appealed from and stating that the agency's order is not supported by reliable, probative, and substantial evidence and is not in accordance with law. The notice of appeal may, but need not, set forth the specific grounds of the party's appeal beyond the statement that the agency's order is not supported by reliable, probative, and substantial evidence and is not in accordance with law. The notice of appeal shall also be filed by the appellant with the court. In filing a notice of appeal with the agency or court, the notice that is filed may be either the original notice or a copy of the original notice. Unless otherwise provided by law relating to a particular agency, notices of appeal shall be filed within fifteen days after the service of the notice of the agency's order as provided in section 119.05 of the Revised Code. For purposes of this paragraph, an order includes a determination appealed pursuant to division (C) of section 119.092 of the Revised Code. The amendments made to this paragraph by Sub. H.B. 215 of the 128th general assembly are procedural, and this paragraph as amended by those amendments shall be applied retrospectively to all appeals pursuant to this paragraph filed before September 13, 2010, but not earlier than May 7, 2009, which was the date the supreme court of Ohio released its opinion and judgment in Medcorp, Inc. v. Ohio Dep't. of Job and Family Servs. (2009), 121 Ohio St.3d 622.

(E) The filing of a notice of appeal shall not automatically operate as a suspension of the order of an agency. If it appears to the court that an unusual hardship to the appellant will result from the execution of the agency's order pending determination of the appeal, the court may grant a suspension and fix its terms. If an appeal is taken from the judgment of the court and the court has previously granted a suspension of the agency's order as provided in this section, the suspension of the agency's order shall not be vacated and shall be given full force and effect until the matter is finally adjudicated. No renewal of a license or permit shall be denied by reason of the suspended order during the period of the appeal from the decision of the court of common pleas. In the case of an appeal from the Ohio casino control commission, the state medical board, or the state chiropractic board, the court may grant a suspension and fix its terms if it appears to the court that an unusual hardship to the appellant will result from the execution of the agency's order pending determination of the appeal and the health, safety, and welfare of the public will not be threatened by suspension of the order. This provision shall not be construed to limit the factors the court may consider in determining whether to suspend an order of any other agency pending determination of an appeal.

(F) The final order of adjudication may apply to any renewal of a license or permit which has been granted during the period of the appeal.

(G) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, any order issued by a court of common pleas or a court of appeals suspending the effect of an order of the liquor control commission issued pursuant to Chapter 4301. or 4303. of the Revised Code that suspends, revokes, or cancels a permit issued under Chapter 4303. of the Revised Code or that allows the payment of a forfeiture under section 4301.252 of the Revised Code shall terminate not more than six months after the date of the filing of the record of the liquor control commission with the clerk of the court of common pleas and shall not be extended. The court of common pleas, or the court of appeals on appeal, shall render a judgment in that matter within six months after the date of the filing of the record of the liquor control commission with the clerk of the court of common pleas. A court of appeals shall not issue an order suspending the effect of an order of the liquor control commission that extends beyond six months after the date on which the record of the liquor control commission is filed with a court of common pleas.

(H) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, any order issued by a court of common pleas or a court of appeals suspending the effect of an order of the Ohio casino control commission issued under Chapter 3772. of the Revised Code that limits, conditions, restricts, suspends, revokes, denies, not renews, fines, or otherwise penalizes an applicant, licensee, or person excluded or ejected from a casino facility in accordance with section 3772.031 of the Revised Code shall terminate not more than six months after the date of the filing of the record of the Ohio casino control commission with the clerk of the court of common pleas and shall not be extended. The court of common pleas, or the court of appeals on appeal, shall render a judgment in that matter within six months after the date of the filing of the record of the Ohio casino control commission with the clerk of the court of common pleas. A court of appeals shall not issue an order suspending the effect of an order of the Ohio casino control commission that extends beyond six months after the date on which the record of the Ohio casino control commission is filed with the clerk of a court of common pleas.

(I) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, any order issued by a court of common pleas suspending the effect of an order of the state medical board or state chiropractic board that limits, revokes, suspends, places on probation, or refuses to register or reinstate a certificate issued by the board or reprimands the holder of the certificate shall terminate not more than fifteen months after the date of the filing of a notice of appeal in the court of common pleas, or upon the rendering of a final decision or order in the appeal by the court of common pleas, whichever occurs first.

(J) Within thirty days after receipt of a notice of appeal from an order in any case in which a hearing is required by sections 119.01 to 119.13 of the Revised Code, the agency shall prepare and certify to the court a complete record of the proceedings in the case. Failure of the agency to comply within the time allowed, upon motion, shall cause the court to enter a finding in favor of the party adversely affected. Additional time, however, may be granted by the court, not to exceed thirty days, when it is shown that the agency has made substantial effort to comply. The record shall be prepared and transcribed, and the expense of it shall be taxed as a part of the costs on the appeal. The appellant shall provide security for costs satisfactory to the court of common pleas. Upon demand by any interested party, the agency shall furnish at the cost of the party requesting it a copy of the stenographic report of testimony offered and evidence submitted at any hearing and a copy of the complete record.

(K) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, any party desiring to appeal an order or decision of the state personnel board of review shall, at the time of filing a notice of appeal with the board, provide a security deposit in an amount and manner prescribed in rules that the board shall adopt in accordance with this chapter. In addition, the board is not required to prepare or transcribe the record of any of its proceedings unless the appellant has provided the deposit described above. The failure of the board to prepare or transcribe a record for an appellant who has not provided a security deposit shall not cause a court to enter a finding adverse to the board.

(L) Unless otherwise provided by law, in the hearing of the appeal, the court is confined to the record as certified to it by the agency. Unless otherwise provided by law, the court may grant a request for the admission of additional evidence when satisfied that the additional evidence is newly discovered and could not with reasonable diligence have been ascertained prior to the hearing before the agency.

(M) The court shall conduct a hearing on the appeal and shall give preference to all proceedings under sections 119.01 to 119.13 of the Revised Code, over all other civil cases, irrespective of the position of the proceedings on the calendar of the court. An appeal from an order of the state medical board issued pursuant to division (G) of either section 4730.25 or 4731.22 of the Revised Code, the state chiropractic board issued pursuant to section 4734.37 of the Revised Code, the liquor control commission issued pursuant to Chapter 4301. or 4303. of the Revised Code, or the Ohio casino control commission issued pursuant to Chapter 3772. of the Revised Code shall be set down for hearing at the earliest possible time and takes precedence over all other actions. The hearing in the court of common pleas shall proceed as in the trial of a civil action, and the court shall determine the rights of the parties in accordance with the laws applicable to a civil action. At the hearing, counsel may be heard on oral argument, briefs may be submitted, and evidence may be introduced if the court has granted a request for the presentation of additional evidence.

(N) The court may affirm the order of the agency complained of in the appeal if it finds, upon consideration of the entire record and any additional evidence the court has admitted, that the order is supported by reliable, probative, and substantial evidence and is in accordance with law. In the absence of this finding, it may reverse, vacate, or modify the order or make such other ruling as is supported by reliable, probative, and substantial evidence and is in accordance with law. The court shall award compensation for fees in accordance with section 2335.39 of the Revised Code to a prevailing party, other than an agency, in an appeal filed pursuant to this section.

(O) The judgment of the court shall be final and conclusive unless reversed, vacated, or modified on appeal. These appeals may be taken either by the party or the agency, shall proceed as in the case of appeals in civil actions, and shall be pursuant to the Rules of Appellate Procedure and, to the extent not in conflict with those rules, Chapter 2505. of the Revised Code. An appeal by the agency shall be taken on questions of law relating to the constitutionality, construction, or interpretation of statutes and rules of the agency, and, in the appeal, the court may also review and determine the correctness of the judgment of the court of common pleas that the order of the agency is not supported by any reliable, probative, and substantial evidence in the entire record.

The court shall certify its judgment to the agency or take any other action necessary to give its judgment effect.

The Legislative Service Commission presents the text of this section as a composite of the section as amended by multiple acts of the General Assembly. This presentation recognizes the principle stated in R.C. 1.52(B) that amendments are to be harmonized if reasonably capable of simultaneous operation.

Last updated August 29, 2023 at 3:09 PM

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 1,087 cases (135 in the last 5 years), 1954–2026 · leading case: MedCorp, Inc. v. Ohio Dep't of Job & Fam. Servs., 2009 Ohio 2058 (Ohio 2009).
Sort: Relevance Newest Treatment
MedCorp, Inc. v. Ohio Dep't of Job & Fam. Servs., 2009 Ohio 2058 (Ohio 2009). · cites it 42× “] To satisfy the “grounds of the party’s appeal” requirement in R.C. 119.12, parties appealing under that statute must identify specific legal or factual errors in their notices of appeal.”
Hughes v. Ohio Dep't of Com., 114 Ohio St. 3d 47 (Ohio 2007). · cites it 34× “09 before the 15-day appeal period prescribed in R.C. 119.12 commences, and, second, must the original notice of appeal be filed with the agency rather than the common pleas court? Answering both questions in the affirmative, we reverse and dismiss this case.”
Hamilton Cnty. Bd. of Mental Retardation & Developmental Disabilities v. Professionals Guild of Ohio, 545 N.E.2d 1260 (Ohio 1989). · cites it 25× “01(F) and thus a party with the right under R.C. 119.12 to appeal a decision of the State Employment Relations Board.”
Brookwood Presbyterian Church v. Ohio Dep't of Educ., 2010 Ohio 5710 (Ohio 2010). · cites it 38× “015(B)(3) that an entity is not education-oriented, and thus is ineligible for sponsorship of community schools, is appealable in accordance with R.C. 119.12. We hold that R.C. 3314.015(D) grants such a right to review.”
Tiggs c/o Indian hills Healthcare Grp., Inc. v. Ohio Dept. of Job & Fam. Servs., 2018 Ohio 3164 (Ohio Ct. App. 2018). · cites it 30× “An appellant who disagrees with the administrative appeal decision of the director (or the director’s designee) may appeal the decision to the court of common pleas, pursuant to R.C. 119.12. R.C. 5101.35(C).” Clark at ¶ 3, fn.”
Gwinn v. Ohio Elections Comm'n, 933 N.E.2d 1112 (Ohio Ct. App. 2010). · cites it 29× “Appellants argue that the common pleas court instead should have entered judgment in their favor, because the elections commission failed to comply with R.C. 119.12’s requirement that it timely certify to the court a complete record of the administrative proceedings appealed in…”
Baltimore Ravens, Inc. v. Self-Insuring Employers Evaluation Bd., 764 N.E.2d 418 (Ohio 2002). · cites it 26× “There is no other reference to Chapter 119, and the statute does not provide a right of judicial review, pursuant to Ohio Rev.Code § 119.12. The reference to the ODH as a ‘state agency,’ without a specific reference to Chapter 119, is insufficient to subject the ODH to that…”
Crosby-Edwards v. Ohio Bd. of Embalmers & Funeral Directors, 886 N.E.2d 251 (Ohio Ct. App. 2008). · cites it 20× “In response, Crosby argued that she had standing to appeal because she had a pecuniary interest in the funeral home that was the subject of the adjudication and her interests were prejudiced by the board’s decision to revoke its license.”
Tuscarawas Ct.y Pub. Def.'s Off. v. Goudy, 2021 Ohio 1754 (Ohio Ct. App. 2021). · cites it 50× “After the certification and filing of the complete record, the trial court would issue further orders as required by R.C. 119.12. [Cite as Tuscarawas Ct.y Pub.”
Ohio Historical Soc'y v. State Emp. Relations Bd., 1993 Ohio 182 (Ohio 1993). · cites it 9× “The second is whether the common pleas court and the court of appeals used the proper standard of review in considering the Society’s R.C. 119.12 appeal from SERB’S decision. The third is whether the Society is a “public employer” under R.”
Dep't of Admin. Servs. v. State Emp. Relations Bd., 562 N.E.2d 125 (Ohio 1990). · cites it 13× “01(F), 1 and only parties who are persons may appeal under R.C. 119.12. 2 As is discussed more fully below, we affirm this conclusion under State, ex rel.”
Garfield Heights City Sch. Dist. v. State Bd. of Educ., 619 N.E.2d 429 (Ohio Ct. App. 1992). · cites it 20× “Appellant, Garfield Heights City School District, appeals from a judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas, which entered a mandatory injunction under R.C. 119.12 to compel appellant to accept a transfer of school territory from the Cleveland City School District.”
Show all 1,087 citing cases →
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(A) — 13 cases
Huntsman v. State, 2017 Ohio 2622 (Ohio Ct. App. 2017).
State ex rel. Fire Rock, Ltd. v. Ohio Dept. of Com. (Slip Opinion), 2021 Ohio 673 (Ohio 2021).
Karvo Cos., Inc. v. Dept. of Transp., 2019 Ohio 4556 (Ohio Ct. App. 2019).
Geyer v. Clinton Cty. Dept. of Job & Fam. Servs., 2021 Ohio 411 (Ohio Ct. App. 2021).
Knight & Day Childcare Too v. Ohio Dept. of Job & Fam. Servs., 2024 Ohio 3199 (Ohio Ct. App. 2024).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(A)(1) — 12 cases
TWISM Ents., L.L.C. v. State Bd. of Reg. for Prof'l Engineers & Surveyors, 2022 Ohio 4677 (Ohio 2022).
Karvo Cos., Inc. v. Dept. of Transp., 2019 Ohio 4556 (Ohio Ct. App. 2019).
JG City L.L.C. v. State Pharmacy Bd., 2021 Ohio 4624 (Ohio Ct. App. 2021).
Goudy v. Tuscarawas Cty. Pub. Def., 2022 Ohio 4121 (Ohio 2022).
Schierbaum v. Ohio Dept. of Edn., 2024 Ohio 1196 (Ohio Ct. App. 2024).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(A)(2) — 1 case
JG City L.L.C. v. State Pharmacy Bd., 2021 Ohio 4624 (Ohio Ct. App. 2021).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(A)(2)(b) — 1 case
Dowling v. Ohio Casino Control Comm., 2022 Ohio 2698 (Ohio Ct. App. 2022).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(A)(3) — 1 case
JG City L.L.C. v. State Pharmacy Bd., 2021 Ohio 4624 (Ohio Ct. App. 2021).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(B) — 17 cases
Elec. Classroom of Tomorrow v. State Bd. of Edn. (Slip Opinion), 2021 Ohio 3445 (Ohio 2021).
Geyer v. Clinton Cty. Dept. of Job & Fam. Servs., 2021 Ohio 411 (Ohio Ct. App. 2021).
Ohio Vendors Rep. Commt. v. Opportunities for Ohioans with Disabilities, 2022 Ohio 1252 (Ohio Ct. App. 2022).
Hageman v. Bryan City Sch. Dist., 2019 Ohio 223 (Ohio Ct. App. 2019).
Karvo Cos., Inc. v. Dept. of Transp., 2019 Ohio 4556 (Ohio Ct. App. 2019).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(B)(1) — 3 cases
Save Ohio Parks v. Oil & Gas Land Mgt. Comm., 2025 Ohio 847 (Ohio Ct. App. 2025).
A.L.W.A.Y., L.L.C. v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 2025 Ohio 4850 (Ohio Ct. App. 2025).
Henry v. Ohio Dept. of Pub. Saf., 2026 Ohio 1581 (Ohio Ct. App. 2026).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(D) — 17 cases
Lake Front Med., L.L.C. v. Ohio Dept. of Com., 2022 Ohio 4281 (Ohio Ct. App. 2022).
Black v. Ohio Dept. of Dev. Disabilities, 2023 Ohio 3640 (Ohio Ct. App. 2023).
Ajibola v. Ohio Med. Career Coll., Ltd., 2018 Ohio 4449 (Ohio Ct. App. 2018).
Notice Violation v. LMD Integrated Logistic Servs., Inc. (In Re LMD Integrated Logistic Servs., Inc.), 2018 Ohio 3859 (Ohio 2018).
Helms v. Summit Cty. Combined Gen. Health Dist., 2017 Ohio 7915 (Ohio Ct. App. 2017).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(E) — 3 cases
de Bourbon v. State Med. Bd. of Ohio, 2017 Ohio 5526 (Ohio Ct. App. 2017).
Lots of Love, Inc. v. Ohio Dept. of Dev. Disabilities, 2018 Ohio 371 (Ohio Ct. App. 2018).
Khemsara v. Ohio Veterinary Med. Licensing Bd., 2022 Ohio 833 (Ohio Ct. App. 2022).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(G) — 1 case
Crosby-Edwards v. Ohio Bd. of Embalmers & Funeral Directors, 886 N.E.2d 251 (Ohio Ct. App. 2008). “In response, Crosby argued that she had standing to appeal because she had a pecuniary interest in the funeral home that was the subject of the adjudication and her interests were prejudiced by the board’s decision to revoke its license.”
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(I) — 6 cases
Goudy v. Tuscarawas Cty. Pub. Def., 2022 Ohio 4121 (Ohio 2022).
Tuscarawas Ct.y Pub. Def.'s Off. v. Goudy, 2021 Ohio 1754 (Ohio Ct. App. 2021). “After the certification and filing of the complete record, the trial court would issue further orders as required by R.C. 119.12. [Cite as Tuscarawas Ct.y Pub.”
Knight v. Cleveland Civ. Serv. Comm., 2016 Ohio 5133 (Ohio Ct. App. 2016).
Tuscarawas Cty. Pub. Def.'s Off. v. Goudy, 2023 Ohio 1653 (Ohio Ct. App. 2023).
Huff v. Ohio State Racing Comm., 2016 Ohio 8336 (Ohio Ct. App. 2016).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(J) — 4 cases
Goudy v. Tuscarawas Cty. Pub. Def., 2022 Ohio 4121 (Ohio 2022).
Wu v. Ohio Civ. Rights Comm., 2021 Ohio 1541 (Ohio Ct. App. 2021).
Tuscarawas Ct.y Pub. Def.'s Off. v. Goudy, 2021 Ohio 1754 (Ohio Ct. App. 2021). “After the certification and filing of the complete record, the trial court would issue further orders as required by R.C. 119.12. [Cite as Tuscarawas Ct.y Pub.”
Lake v. State Med. Bd. of Ohio, 2025 Ohio 2842 (Ohio Ct. App. 2025).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(K) — 20 cases
Starr v. Ohio Dept. Com., Div. of Real Est. & Prof'l Licensing, 2021 Ohio 2243 (Ohio Ct. App. 2021).
Omni Energy Grp., L.L.C. v. Vendel, 2024 Ohio 2439 (Ohio Ct. App. 2024).
King v. Ohio Dept. of Job & Fam. Servs., 2019 Ohio 2989 (Ohio Ct. App. 2019).
Hetrick v. Ohio Dept. of Agric., 2017 Ohio 303 (Ohio Ct. App. 2017).
Bill Jackson Roofing, Inc. v. Ohio Dept. of Job & Fam. Servs., 2021 Ohio 284 (Ohio Ct. App. 2021).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(L) — 6 cases
Soltesz v. Ohio Dept. of Job & Fam. Servs., 2020 Ohio 365 (Ohio Ct. App. 2020).
Omni Energy Grp., L.L.C. v. Vendel, 2024 Ohio 2439 (Ohio Ct. App. 2024).
Seaquist v. Dayton, 2023 Ohio 4563 (Ohio Ct. App. 2023).
Lake v. State Med. Bd. of Ohio, 2025 Ohio 2842 (Ohio Ct. App. 2025).
Tarjanyi v. Ohio Dept. of Ins., 2024 Ohio 5239 (Ohio Ct. App. 2024).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(M) — 50 cases
TWISM Ents., L.L.C. v. State Bd. of Reg. for Prof'l Engineers & Surveyors, 2022 Ohio 4677 (Ohio 2022).
Gyugo v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Dev. Disabilities, 2016 Ohio 823 (Ohio Ct. App. 2016).
Banker v. State Med. Bd., 2024 Ohio 6009 (Ohio Ct. App. 2024).
True Care Early Learning Ctr. v. Ohio Dept. of Job & Fam. Servs., 2020 Ohio 954 (Ohio Ct. App. 2020).
Denvir v. Blewitt, 2019 Ohio 187 (Ohio Ct. App. 2019).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(N) — 25 cases
Tiggs c/o Indian hills Healthcare Grp., Inc. v. Ohio Dept. of Job & Fam. Servs., 2018 Ohio 3164 (Ohio Ct. App. 2018). “An appellant who disagrees with the administrative appeal decision of the director (or the director’s designee) may appeal the decision to the court of common pleas, pursuant to R.C. 119.12. R.C. 5101.35(C).” Clark at ¶ 3, fn.”
Hageman v. Bryan City Sch. Dist., 2019 Ohio 223 (Ohio Ct. App. 2019).
CHS-Lake Erie, Inc. v. Ohio Dept. of Medicaid, 2020 Ohio 505 (Ohio Ct. App. 2020).
Ohio Vets. Home v. Taylor, 2018 Ohio 3879 (Ohio Ct. App. 2018).
ATCL 1, L.L.C. v. State of Ohio Bd. of Pharmacy, 2023 Ohio 59 (Ohio Ct. App. 2023).
— Ohio Rev. Code § 119.12(O) — 3 cases
Upper Arlington City Sch. Dist. Bd. of Edn. v. Upper Arlington Bldg. Dept., 2021 Ohio 3718 (Ohio Ct. App. 2021).
Seaquist v. Dayton, 2023 Ohio 4563 (Ohio Ct. App. 2023).
Henneforth v. Seidt, 2025 Ohio 1109 (Ohio Ct. App. 2025).
Annotations are extracted automatically from the opinions in the Syfert caselaw corpus and ranked by authority, recency, and treatment. Dots show Syfertize treatment of the citing case itself.