Pa. Cons. Stat. » 12 Pa. Cons. Stat. (COMMERCE AND TRADE) / Chapter 51
Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes

12 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5106 (2026)

 When transfer is made or obligation is incurred.

✓ current as of May 2026
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§ 5106.  When transfer is made or obligation is incurred.

For the purposes of this chapter:

(1)  A transfer is made:

(i)  with respect to an asset that is real property other than a fixture, but including the interest of a seller or purchaser under a contract for the sale of the asset, when the transfer is so far perfected that a good faith purchaser of the asset from the debtor against which applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected cannot acquire an interest in the asset that is superior to the interest of the transferee; and

(ii)  with respect to an asset that is not real property or that is a fixture, when the transfer is so far perfected that a creditor on a simple contract cannot acquire a judicial lien otherwise than under this chapter that is superior to the interest of the transferee.

(2)  If applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected as provided in paragraph (1) and the transfer is not so perfected before the commencement of an action for relief under this chapter, the transfer is made immediately before the commencement of the action.

(3)  If applicable law does not permit the transfer to be perfected as provided in paragraph (1), the transfer is made when it becomes effective between the debtor and the transferee.

(4)  A transfer is not made until the debtor has acquired rights in the asset transferred.

(5)  An obligation is incurred:

(i)  if oral, when it becomes effective between the parties; or

(ii)  if evidenced by a record, when the record signed by the obligor is delivered to or for the benefit of the obligee.

(Dec. 22, 2017, P.L.1249, No.78, eff. 60 days)

 

2017 Amendment.  See section 7 of Act 78 in the appendix to this title for special provisions relating to applicability.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 3 cases, 1998–2019 · leading case: Titus v. Shearer, 498 B.R. 508 (W.D. Pa. 2013).
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Titus v. Shearer, 498 B.R. 508 (W.D. Pa. 2013). “The bankruptcy court reached this conclusion because a transfer cannot be made under the PUFTA “until the debtor has acquired rights in the asset transferred,” 12 Pa. Cons.Stat. § 5106(4), and at the time the complaint was filed, Mr.”
Gardner v. Tyson (In Re Gardner), 218 B.R. 338 (Bankr. E.D. Pa. 1998). “§ 5106(1)(i), when the transfer is so far perfected that a good faith purchaser of the asset from the debtor against whom applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected cannot acquire an interest in the asset that is superior to the interest of the transferee; Perfection of…”
McElnea, H. v. Est. of Jeffrey Van Slyke (Pa. Super. Ct. 2019). “4Section 5106 of the Act, 12 Pa.C.S. § 5106, defines when a transfer is made or obligation incurred.”
— 12 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5106(1)(i) — 1 case
Gardner v. Tyson (In Re Gardner), 218 B.R. 338 (Bankr. E.D. Pa. 1998). “§ 5106(1)(i), when the transfer is so far perfected that a good faith purchaser of the asset from the debtor against whom applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected cannot acquire an interest in the asset that is superior to the interest of the transferee; Perfection of…”
— 12 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 5106(4) — 1 case
Titus v. Shearer, 498 B.R. 508 (W.D. Pa. 2013). “The bankruptcy court reached this conclusion because a transfer cannot be made under the PUFTA “until the debtor has acquired rights in the asset transferred,” 12 Pa. Cons.Stat. § 5106(4), and at the time the complaint was filed, Mr.”
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