§ 8311. Damages in actions for conversion of timber.
(a) General rule.--In lieu of all other damages or civil remedies provided by law, a person who cuts
or removes the timber of another person without the consent of that person shall be
liable to that person in a civil action for an amount of damages equal to:
(1) the usual and customary costs of establishing the value of the timber cut or removed
and of complying with the erosion and sedimentation control regulations contained
in 25 Pa. Code Ch. 102 (relating to erosion control);
(1.1) the cost of any surveys obtained in connection with the civil action; and
(2) one of the following:
(i) three times the market value of the timber cut or removed if the act is determined
to have been deliberate;
(ii) two times the market value of the timber cut or removed if the act is determined to
have been negligent; or
(iii) the market value of the timber cut or removed if the defendant is determined to have
had a reasonable basis for believing that the land on which the act was committed
was his or that of the person in whose service or by whose direction the act was done.
(b) Restitution.--Any damages awarded under this section shall be reduced by any restitution which is
made under 18 Pa.C.S. § 1107 (relating to restitution for theft of timber).
(c) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following words and phrases shall have the meanings given
to them in this subsection:
"Timber." Standing trees, logs or parts of trees that are commonly merchandized as wood products.
"Market value." The value of the standing timber at local market prices for the species and quality
of timber cut or removed at the time it was cut or removed.
(Feb. 17, 1994, P.L.113, No.10, eff. 60 days; May 17, 2001, P.L.23, No.7, eff. 60
days)
2001 Amendment. Act 7 amended subsec. (a).
1994 Amendment. Act 10 added section 8311.
Notes of Decisions
Feldman, B. v. Vito Braccia Constr., 2024 Pa. Super. 208 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2024).
· cites it 2× “42 Pa.C.S. § 8311(a). The statute defines “timber” as “standing trees, logs or parts of trees that are commonly merchandized as wood products.”
Zitney v. Appalachian Timber Prods., Inc., 72 A.3d 281 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2013).
“” Of course, a legally binding contract permitting the removal of timber would constitute consent for purposes of section 8311.”
Hoffman, R. v. Gongaware, S. (Pa. Super. Ct. 2021).
· cites it 2× “On June 9, 2020, this matter proceeded to a non-jury trial at which the court considered two primary issues: (1) whether the parties to the Deed intended the Deed’s Timber Clause to create a perpetual interest in the land or a personal property interest in the land; and (2) the…”
Feldman, B. v. Vito Braccia Constr. (Pa. Super. Ct. 2024).
· cites it 2× “42 Pa.C.S. § 8311(a). The statute defines “timber” as “standing trees, logs or parts of trees that are commonly merchandized as wood products.”
Davis, R. v. Fid. Natl. Title (Pa. Super. Ct. 2015).
“42 Pa.C.S. § 8311 Defendant first argues that the Court's finding that Defendants breached the Bad faith Statute, 42 Pa.”
— 42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 8311(a) — 3 cases
Feldman, B. v. Vito Braccia Constr., 2024 Pa. Super. 208 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2024).
“42 Pa.C.S. § 8311(a). The statute defines “timber” as “standing trees, logs or parts of trees that are commonly merchandized as wood products.”
Feldman, B. v. Vito Braccia Constr. (Pa. Super. Ct. 2024).
“42 Pa.C.S. § 8311(a). The statute defines “timber” as “standing trees, logs or parts of trees that are commonly merchandized as wood products.”
— 42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 8311(a)(2)(i) — 1 case
Hoffman, R. v. Gongaware, S. (Pa. Super. Ct. 2021).
“On June 9, 2020, this matter proceeded to a non-jury trial at which the court considered two primary issues: (1) whether the parties to the Deed intended the Deed’s Timber Clause to create a perpetual interest in the land or a personal property interest in the land; and (2) the…”
— 42 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 8311(c) — 2 cases
Feldman, B. v. Vito Braccia Constr., 2024 Pa. Super. 208 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2024).
“42 Pa.C.S. § 8311(a). The statute defines “timber” as “standing trees, logs or parts of trees that are commonly merchandized as wood products.”
Feldman, B. v. Vito Braccia Constr. (Pa. Super. Ct. 2024).
“42 Pa.C.S. § 8311(a). The statute defines “timber” as “standing trees, logs or parts of trees that are commonly merchandized as wood products.”
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