Tex. Codes » Finance Code · TITLE 5. PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS OF FINANCIAL SERVICES · CHAPTER 392. DEBT COLLECTION
Texas Codes

Tex. Fin. Code § 392.403 (2026)

Civil Remedies

✓ current as of May 2026
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Sec. 392.403. CIVIL REMEDIES. (a) A person may sue for:

(1) injunctive relief to prevent or restrain a violation of this chapter; and

(2) actual damages sustained as a result of a violation of this chapter.

(b) A person who successfully maintains an action under Subsection (a) is entitled to attorney's fees reasonably related to the amount of work performed and costs.

(c) On a finding by a court that an action under this section was brought in bad faith or for purposes of harassment, the court shall award the defendant attorney's fees reasonably related to the work performed and costs.

(d) If the attorney general reasonably believes that a person is violating or is about to violate this chapter, the attorney general may bring an action in the name of this state against the person to restrain or enjoin the person from violating this chapter.

(e) A person who successfully maintains an action under this section for violation of Section 392.101, 392.202, or 392.301(a)(3) is entitled to not less than $100 for each violation of this chapter.

Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1008, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 55 cases (12 in the last 5 years), 1998–2026 · leading case: McCaig Ex Rel. Est. of McCaig v. Wells Fargo Bank (Texas), N.A., 788 F.3d 463 (5th Cir. 2015).
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McCaig Ex Rel. Est. of McCaig v. Wells Fargo Bank (Texas), N.A., 788 F.3d 463 (5th Cir. 2015). · cites it 8× “Texas Financial Code section 392.403 2 creates a private right of action for TDCA violations and provides: “A person may sue for: actual damages sustained as a result of a violation of this chapter.”
Trevino v. HSBC Mortg. Servs., Inc. (In re Trevino), 535 B.R. 110 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2015). · cites it 2× “Tex. Fin. Code § 392.403. Like the FDCPA, these provisions do not conflict with the Bankruptcy Code.”
Marauder Corp. v. Beall, 301 S.W.3d 817 (Tex. App. 2010). · cites it 2× “Tex. Fin.Code Ann. § 392.403(a) (Vernon 2006).”
www.urban.inc. v. Chris Drummond, 508 S.W.3d 657 (Tex. App. 2016). “Both statutes have similar provisions authorizing the trial court to award a defendant reasonable attorney’s fees and costs if the court finds that an action under that section: (1) “was brought in bad faith or for purposes of harassment,” Tex. Fin. Code Ann. § 392.403 (c) (West…”
Nancy Alanis v. US Bank Nat'l Ass'n as Successor Tr. to Bank of Am. Nat'l Ass'n, as Successor by Merger to One LaSalle Bank, N.A. as Tr. for the MLMI Trust Series 2006-HE6, 489 S.W.3d 485 (Tex. App. 2015). · cites it 2× “” Tex. Fin. Code Ann. § 392.403 (a) (Vernon 2006); id.”
Marcus Hernandez & Diane Hernandez v. Truck Ins. Exch. & Team Health, Inc., 553 S.W.3d 689 (Tex. App. 2018). · cites it 2× “403, “Civil Remedies,” states, in pertinent part, that “[a] person may sue for: (1) injunctive relief to prevent or restrain a violation of this chapter [on Debt Collection]; and (2) actual damages sustained as a result of a violation of this chapter,” and if the plaintiff…”
Biggers v. BAC Home Loans Servicing, LP, 767 F. Supp. 2d 725 (N.D. Tex. 2011). “Under Tex. Fin.Code Ann. § 392.403(a) (West 2006), “[a] person may sue for: (1) injunctive relief to prevent or restrain a violation of this chapter; and (2) actual damages sustained as a result of a violation of this chapter.”
Naranjo v. Universal Sur. of Am., 679 F. Supp. 2d 787 (S.D. Tex. 2010). “” Tex. Fin.Code § 392.403(a). Texas courts have stated that a plaintiff who cannot prove actual damages cannot “successfully maintain an action under the [Texas Debt Collection] Act.”
Brush v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 911 F. Supp. 2d 445 (S.D. Tex. 2012). “Tex. Fin. Code § 392.403. Second, courts have found or assumed, in at least two decisions, that nonconsumers can sue under the TDCA.”
Wallace v. Davis (In Re Davis), 377 B.R. 827 (Bankr. E.D. Tex. 2007). “See Tex. Fin.Code § 392.403. Additionally, Mr.”
Reyelts v. Cross, 968 F. Supp. 2d 835 (N.D. Tex. 2013). “§ 1692k(a)(l); the TDCPA, Tex. Fin.Code § 392.403(a)(2); and the DTPA, 4 Tex Bus.”
Candy Guajardo v. GC Servs., L.P., 498 F. App'x 379 (5th Cir. 2012). · cites it 2× “Tex. Fin.Code Ann. § 392.403. Thus, in contrast to the district court’s order, we must view the verdict in its most consistent manner, an actual damages award of $40,000 for each call.”
Show all 55 citing cases →
— Tex. Fin. Code § 392.403(a) — 11 cases
Marauder Corp. v. Beall, 301 S.W.3d 817 (Tex. App. 2010). “Tex. Fin.Code Ann. § 392.403(a) (Vernon 2006).”
Biggers v. BAC Home Loans Servicing, LP, 767 F. Supp. 2d 725 (N.D. Tex. 2011). “Under Tex. Fin.Code Ann. § 392.403(a) (West 2006), “[a] person may sue for: (1) injunctive relief to prevent or restrain a violation of this chapter; and (2) actual damages sustained as a result of a violation of this chapter.”
Trevino v. HSBC Mortg. Servs., Inc. (In re Trevino), 535 B.R. 110 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2015). “Tex. Fin. Code § 392.403. Like the FDCPA, these provisions do not conflict with the Bankruptcy Code.”
Naranjo v. Universal Sur. of Am., 679 F. Supp. 2d 787 (S.D. Tex. 2010). “” Tex. Fin.Code § 392.403(a). Texas courts have stated that a plaintiff who cannot prove actual damages cannot “successfully maintain an action under the [Texas Debt Collection] Act.”
Trevino v. HSBC Mortg. Servs., Inc. (In re Trevino), 533 B.R. 176 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2015).
— Tex. Fin. Code § 392.403(a)(1) — 2 cases
Carlstrom v. Nationwide Capital Servs., LLC (W.D. Tex. 2023).
Stacy v. JPMorgan Chase Bank NA (N.D. Tex. 2020).
— Tex. Fin. Code § 392.403(a)(2) — 10 cases
McCaig Ex Rel. Est. of McCaig v. Wells Fargo Bank (Texas), N.A., 788 F.3d 463 (5th Cir. 2015). “Texas Financial Code section 392.403 2 creates a private right of action for TDCA violations and provides: “A person may sue for: actual damages sustained as a result of a violation of this chapter.”
Reyelts v. Cross, 968 F. Supp. 2d 835 (N.D. Tex. 2013). “§ 1692k(a)(l); the TDCPA, Tex. Fin.Code § 392.403(a)(2); and the DTPA, 4 Tex Bus.”
Candy Guajardo v. GC Servs., L.P., 498 F. App'x 379 (5th Cir. 2012). “Tex. Fin.Code Ann. § 392.403. Thus, in contrast to the district court’s order, we must view the verdict in its most consistent manner, an actual damages award of $40,000 for each call.”
Wendy Lee Kyle v. H.T. Strasburger, Individually & in His Capacity as a Member of the Bd. of Directors of Fid. Bank of Texas, & as a Member of Tuition LLC Shirley Strasburger, Individually & in Her Capacity as Vice-Chair of the Bd. of Directors of Fid. Bank of Texas, & as Member of the Tuition LLC Terry Whitley, Individually & in His Capacity as President & Member of the Bd. of Directors of Fid. Bank of Texas Fid. Bank of Texas Tuition LLC (Tex. App. 2018).
Wendy Lee Kyle v. H.T. Strasburger, Individually & in His Capacity as a Member of the Bd. of Directors of Fid. Bank of Texas, & as a Member of Tuition LLC Shirley Strasburger, Individually & in Her Capacity as Vice-Chair of the Bd. of Directors of Fid. Bank of Texas, & as Member of the Tuition LLC Terry Whitley, Individually & in His Capacity as President & Member of the Bd. of Directors of Fid. Bank of Texas Fid. Bank of Texas Tuition LLC (Tex. App. 2019).
— Tex. Fin. Code § 392.403(b) — 6 cases
McCaig Ex Rel. Est. of McCaig v. Wells Fargo Bank (Texas), N.A., 788 F.3d 463 (5th Cir. 2015). “Texas Financial Code section 392.403 2 creates a private right of action for TDCA violations and provides: “A person may sue for: actual damages sustained as a result of a violation of this chapter.”
Walters v. Livingston, 514 S.W.3d 763 (Tex. App. 2016).
Janos Farkas v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. & Brice Vander Linden & Wernic, P.C. N/K/A Buckley Madole, P.C. (Tex. App. 2015).
Alvarado v. Eltman Law PC (N.D. Tex. 2020).
Prasla (Bankr. E.D. Tex. 2026).
— Tex. Fin. Code § 392.403(c) — 4 cases
Sifuentes v. Carrillo, 982 S.W.2d 500 (Tex. App. 1998).
Graham v. Savage (W.D. Tex. 2022).
George Green & Garlan Green v. Port of Call Homeowners Ass'n Phillip Jacobs John Ross Bucholtz Richard Pat McElroy Randolph Harig Christopher Rockwood Nancy Carothers All. Ass'n Mgmt. Sharon Murphy Jose Balderas Harold Brown & Niemann & Niemann, LLP (Tex. App. 2018).
Azhar M. Chaudhary & Riverstone Resort, LLC v. Prosperity Bank, Mark Schmutz (Tex. App. 2024).
— Tex. Fin. Code § 392.403(d) — 1 case
Maria Margarita Rojas, Maternal Maternal & Child Healthcare & Rsch. Ctr. LLC D/B/A Clinica Latinoamericana; Clinicas Latinoamericans; Clinica-Waller Latinoamericana; Clinica-Telge Latinoamericana A/K/A Clinica De La Mujer A/K/A Houston BirthHouse v. State of Texas (Tex. App. 2025).
— Tex. Fin. Code § 392.403(e) — 1 case
GRIFFIN v. O'brien, Wexler, & Assocs., LLC (E.D. Tex. 2023).
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