Texas Codes

Tex. Prop. Code § 5.021 (2026)

Instrument Of Conveyance

✓ current as of May 2026

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Sec. 5.021. INSTRUMENT OF CONVEYANCE. A conveyance of an estate of inheritance, a freehold, or an estate for more than one year, in land and tenements, must be in writing and must be subscribed and delivered by the conveyor or by the conveyor's agent authorized in writing.

Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3481, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 142 cases (30 in the last 5 years), 1988–2026 · leading case: West Beach Marina, Ltd. v. Erdeljac, 94 S.W.3d 248 (Tex. App. 2002).

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West Beach Marina, Ltd. v. Erdeljac, 94 S.W.3d 248 (Tex. App. 2002). · cites it 2× “The Statute of Frauds requires that a contract for the sale of real estate be in writing and signed by the person to be charged. Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ann. § 26.01 (West 1987).”

Gordon v. West Houston Trees, Ltd., 352 S.W.3d 32 (Tex. App. 2011). · cites it 2× “To convey an interest in land under the statute of conveyances, the instrument of conveyance must be in writing, must be signed, and must be delivered by the party disposing of his interest.”

Troxel v. Bishop, 201 S.W.3d 290 (Tex. App. 2006). · cites it 2× “2006); Tex. PROP.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 2004).”

Seber v. Union Pac. R.R., 350 S.W.3d 640 (Tex. App. 2011). · cites it 2× “See Tex. Prop.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 2003).”

Jackson v. Wildflower Prod. Co., 505 S.W.3d 80 (Tex. App. 2016). · cites it 2× “Tex. PROP. Code ANN. § 5.021 (West 2014).”

Heblen Kanan, Pharr Plantation Inc. & Pharr Plantation Mgmt. Co., Ltd. v. Plantation Homeowner's Ass'n, Inc., 407 S.W.3d 320 (Tex. App. 2013). · cites it 2× “See Tex. Prop.Code Ann. § 5.021 (West 2004). By their fourth sub-issue, appellants similarly contend that the Rule 11 Agreement is not enforceable because it was made orally but is not to be performed within one year, or alternatively, because it constitutes a contract for sale…”

Adams v. First Nat'l Bank of Bells/Savoy, 154 S.W.3d 859 (Tex. App. 2005). “The Bank contends there is no issue of fact that it foreclosed because of the due-on-sale clause, and that the timing of the transfer does not raise an issue of fact.”

Murphy v. Long, 170 S.W.3d 621 (Tex. App. 2005). · cites it 2× “Tex.PROp.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 1984).”

Williams v. Jennings, 755 S.W.2d 874 (Tex. App. 1988). · cites it 2× “Appellants leased the Brightwells' one-fourth interest and claim that appellee cannot prove she possessed title to that interest because the reformed deed reserved it to the Brightwells.”

Cullins v. Foster, 171 S.W.3d 521 (Tex. App. 2005). “” Tex. PROp.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 1984) (emphasis added).”

TLC Hosp., LLC v. Pillar Income Asset Mgmt., Inc., 570 S.W.3d 749 (Tex. App. 2018). “See TEX. PROP. CODE ANN. § 5.021 (West 2014); TEX.”

McCuen v. Huey, 255 S.W.3d 716 (Tex. App. 2008). · cites it 2× “Tex. PROp.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 2003).”

Vinson v. Brown, 80 S.W.3d 221 (Tex. App. 2002). “See Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 5.021 (West 1984).”

in Re Est. of William H. McNutt, 405 S.W.3d 194 (Tex. App. 2013). · cites it 2× “TEX. PROP. CODE ANN. § 5.021 (West 2004) (“Instrument of Conveyance”); see also TEX.”

2616 South Loop L.L.C. v. Health Source Home Care, Inc., 201 S.W.3d 349 (Tex. App. 2006). “estate for more than one year, in land and tenements, must be in writing and must be subscribed and delivered by the conveyor or by the conveyor’s agent authorized in wilting.”

Apex Fin. Corp. v. Garza, 155 S.W.3d 230 (Tex. App. 2004). “Tex. Prop.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 1984); Tex.”

Hernandez v. Hernandez, 547 S.W.3d 898 (Tex. App. 2018). “TEX.PROP.CODE ANN. § 5.021 (West 2014) ("A conveyance of an estate of inheritance, a freehold, or an estate for more than one year, in land and tenements, must be in writing and must be subscribed and delivered by the conveyor or by the conveyor's agent authorized in writing.”

Nicol v. Gonzales, 127 S.W.3d 390 (Tex. App. 2004). “Tex Prop.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 2004).”

Reiland v. Patrick Thomas Props., Inc., 213 S.W.3d 431 (Tex. App. 2006). “Tex. PROp.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 1984); Tex.”

in the Est. of Robert L. Wright, 482 S.W.3d 650 (Tex. App. 2015). · cites it 2× “Tex. Prop. Code § 5.021 (“Instrument of Conveyance”); see also Tex.”

Enochs v. Brown, 872 S.W.2d 312 (Tex. App. 1994). “See Tex.Prop.Code Ann. § 5.021 (West 1984) (insti’ument of conveyance must be in writing and must be subscribed and delivered); Tex.”

Twelve Oaks Tower I, Ltd. v. Premier Allergy, Inc., 938 S.W.2d 102 (Tex. App. 1997). “TexProp.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 1984). This provision has been held applicable to assignments of leases for terms longer than a year.”

Marburger v. Seminole Pipeline Co., 957 S.W.2d 82 (Tex. App. 1997). “See Tex. PROp.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 1984).”

Kerrville HRH, Inc. v. City of Kerrville, 803 S.W.2d 377 (Tex. App. 1990). “HRH contends that the alleged modification is invalid as a matter of law because it was required to be in writing. A lease of real estate for a term of more than *389 one year must be in writing and must be signed by the person to be charged.”

MASGAS v. Anderson, 310 S.W.3d 567 (Tex. App. 2010). “Tex. Prop.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 2004).”

Noell v. Crow-Billingsley Air Park Ltd. P'ship, 233 S.W.3d 408 (Tex. App. 2007). “A common element of each of these defenses was lack of delivery of the original deed for the lots to appellant.”

Martin v. Cockrell, 335 S.W.3d 229 (Tex. App. 2010). “See Tex. Prop.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 2004).”

Cecil v. Smith, 790 S.W.2d 709 (Tex. App. 1990). · cites it 2× “, placing the deed under the control of the grantee with the intention to convey present title to the grantee, "meaningless.”

Anderson Energy Corp. v. Dominion Oklahoma Texas Expl. & Prod., Inc., 469 S.W.3d 280 (Tex. App. 2015). “The Statute of Frauds requires that contracts for the sale of real property be in writing and signed by the person to be charged.”

Chambers v. Equity Bank, SSB, 319 S.W.3d 892 (Tex. App. 2010). “Tex. Prop.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 2004); Noell v.”

Thompson v. Clayton, 346 S.W.3d 650 (Tex. App. 2009). “Tex.Prop.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 2004); Murphy v.”

Burgess v. Easley, 893 S.W.2d 87 (Tex. App. 1994). “An instrument conveying real property “must be subscribed and delivered by the conveyor_” Tex.Prop.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 1984) (emphasis added).”

Byman v. Denson (In re Edwards), 537 B.R. 797 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2015). “Tex. Prop.Code § 5.021 (West 2014). Such a conveyance is void as to a creditor or a subsequent purchaser for valuable consideration without notice unless the instrument is acknowledged and filed of record as required by law.”

Green v. Canon, 33 S.W.3d 855 (Tex. App. 2000). “Tex. Prop.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 1984).”

In re Anloc, LLC, 487 B.R. 825 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2013). · cites it 2× “Tex. Prop.Code § 5.021 (“A conveyance....”

Taylor v. Hill, 249 S.W.3d 618 (Tex. App. 2008). “We dismiss as moot Taylor’s motion to strike the ami-cus briefs of Consolidated and Bexley and Consolidated’s motion for an emergency stay.”

United Sav. Ass'n of Texas v. Villanueva, 878 S.W.2d 619 (Tex. App. 1994). “Tex.Prop.Code Ann. § 5.021 (Vernon 1984).”

Laird Hill Salt Water Disposal, Ltd. v. East Texas Salt Water Disposal, Inc., 351 S.W.3d 81 (Tex. App. 2011). “01 (Vernon 2009); TEX. PROP.CODE ANN. § 5.021 (Vernon 2004).”

Reeder John v. Billie Brewer Curry, 426 S.W.3d 352 (Tex. App. 2014). “” Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 5.021 (West 2004).”

Owen v. Porter, 796 S.W.2d 265 (Tex. App. 1990). “TEX.PROP.CODE ANN. § 5.021 (Vernon 1984).”

Gomez v. Kamper Investments, LLC (In Re Gomez), 388 B.R. 279 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2008). · cites it 2×

B & A Pipeline Co. v. Dorney, 904 F.2d 996 (5th Cir. 1990).

Bell v. Comm'r, 2011 T.C. Summary Opinion 54 (Tax Ct. 2011).

Carl Ray Marburger v. Leslie Rene Guest A/K/A Leslie Renee Guest & Walter J. Parker (Tex. App. 2025). · cites it 3×

Dennis Steven Pertolanitz v. Damon Salone Waldroup (Tex. App. 2025). · cites it 3×

Premium Assets, Inc. v. Lydia A. Garcia D/B/A Joe Lynn Dazzles & More & Lydia Ann Garcia (Tex. App. 2015). · cites it 4×

in Re the Est. of William H. McNutt (Tex. App. 2015). · cites it 4×

SVT, L.L.C. & Robert C. Orr v. Seaside Vill. Townhome Ass'n, Inc. (Tex. App. 2018). · cites it 2×

in the Est. of Roosevelt Green Sr. (Tex. App. 2021). · cites it 2×

Conocophillips Co. v. Kenneth Hahn (Tex. 2024). · cites it 2×

Noe Barragan v. Celene Barragan (Tex. App. 2025). · cites it 2×

Pensive Props. LP v. Terry Barnhart & All Occupants (Tex. App. 2015). · cites it 3×

May v. Buck, 375 S.W.3d 568 (2012).

Est. of Sympson v. Comm'r, 67 T.C.M. 1914 (Tax Ct. 1994).

West Beach Marina, Ltd., a Texas Ltd. P'ship, N/K/A West Beach Ltd. P'ship v. James M. Erdeljac Darci Erdeljac Dr. James R. Yates Dr. Alba A. Ortiz Thomas Rosenthal & Susan Hemmingway Rosenthal (Tex. App. 2002). · cites it 2×

Jason Hendershot A/K/A Jason Hendershott v. State (Tex. App. 2013). · cites it 2×

Glenn A. Wade & Karen Wade v. XTO Energy Inc. (Tex. App. 2013). · cites it 2×

Premium Assets, Inc. v. Lydia A. Garcia D/B/A Joe Lynn Dazzles & More & Lydia Ann Garcia (Tex. App. 2015). · cites it 2×

Dimock Operating Co., & Joe W. Dimock, D/B/A Dimock Petroleum v. Sutherland Energy Co., LLC (Tex. 2015). · cites it 2×

Donna B. Ware v. the Est. of Johnnie S. Simpson, Through Its Indep. Krystene Wormley Woodard, Henry Evans, & Lois Evans (Tex. App. 2015). · cites it 2×

John W. Hankins v. Sarah T. Harris (Tex. App. 2015). · cites it 2×

Irma Lemus & Manuel Lemus v. John Rene Aguilar, Johnny B. Wells, Laura Ashley Wells, & Johnny Montoya Garza (Tex. App. 2015). · cites it 2×

Doreen Rubio// Jamie Walsh v. Jamie Walsh Emmet Walsh Ellen Thornton, Individually Ellen Thornton, Tr. & Ellen Thornton, Tr.// Cross-Appellee, Doreen Rubio (Tex. App. 2015). · cites it 2×

Unknown, 34 F.3d 285.

Jay Cohen v. Tour Partners, LTD., Dennis J. Wilkerson, & Eighteen Investments, Inc. (Tex. App. 2017).

the Est. of Leroy T. Keener (Tex. App. 2019).

in the Matter of the Est. of Joseph Abraham, Jr. A/K/A Joseph (Sib) Abraham, Jr. (Tex. App. 2019).

Kay Schwendeman v. BT SFRL I, LLC (Tex. App. 2020).

Bruce Wheatley in His Capacity as of the Est. of Judith T. Wheatley v. Dale Farley in His Capacity as Dependent Adm'r of the Est. of Travis B. Kirchner (Tex. App. 2020).

Lorenzo Reyes Martinez v. Herbert C. Martinez, Real Est. Executives of Austin, LLC & Texas Am. Title Co. D/B/A Indep. Title Co. (Tex. App. 2020).

Dayston, LLC v. Jonathan D. Brooke (Tex. App. 2020).

Serene Country Homes, LLC v. Northstar Ranch, LLC (Tex. App. 2020).

Simone Barron & Walid Yammine v. Issam Al Shmaisani & Sharon Smith (Tex. App. 2021).

James D. Yarbrough & Tarris Woods v. James C. Brooks (Tex. App. 2021).

Gary & Theresa Poenisch Fam. Ltd. P'ship v. TMH Land Servs., Inc. (Tex. App. 2021).

James B. Bonham Corp. v. W.W. Webber, Inc. & W.W. Webber, LLC (Tex. App. 2021).

Abraham Maayeh v. Marcus Brian Curry, Individually & as Tr. of the 1106 Wallbrook Drive Land Trust & Eliseo Sanchez, Individually (In Rem Only) (Tex. App. 2022).

Hill v. Herring (In re Herring), 550 B.R. 119 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2016).

Jones v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (In re Jones), 573 B.R. 665 (Bankr. N.D. Tex. 2017).

Todd Evan Fogal v. Neil Edward Fogal (Tex. App. 2023).

In Re: Bruce Wheatley in His Capacity as of the Est. of Judith Wheatley v. the State of Texas (Tex. App. 2023).

Eureka Holdings Acquisitions, L.P. v. Marshall Apts., LLC (Tex. App. 2023).

MattSnow Props., LLC, Mark D. Mattlage-Thurmond, & Robert J. Snowden v. First Nat'l Bank of McGregor D/B/A TFNB Your Bank for Life (Tex. App. 2023).

John P. Boerschig (Cross-Appellee) v. Rio Grande Elec. Coop., Inc.(cross-Appellant) (Tex. App. 2024).

Raymond Kerley v. Kenneth M. Branscome & Darlene J. Branscome, Trs. of Kenneth M. Branscome & Darlene J. Branscome Trust (Tex. App. 2024).

Anna Joslin AKA Anna Mendiola v. Delfina G. Munoz (Tex. App. 2024).

Lois J. Blanton v. Red Desert Enter., LLC & Cheryl Miles (Tex. App. 2024).

Ma-bbo Five, Lp (Bankr. E.D. Tex. 2022).

Ma Bb Owen Lp (Bankr. E.D. Tex. 2022).

Eichor v. Wyly (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2022).

Eliazar Spears v. Jose Angel Calvillo-Zapata (Tex. App. 2024).

Jayme Bobette Estes (Cross-Appellee) v. Terry Leifeste, Individually & as Tr. of the Leifeste 2001 Descendants Trust (Cross-Appellant) (Tex. App. 2024).

Jon & Lisa O'Harra, Kylee Peterson, Chad Williams, & Diego & Rosario Maldonado v. W.R. Collier, Tr. for the Separate Trust FBO Robert Gregory Collier & His Descendants, & Greg Collier (Tex. App. 2025).

GFF Texas Holdings, LLC v. Frank Lawson, Warren Lawson & Jubilee Springs, LLC (Tex. App. 2025).

The Thagard Mineral P'ship, LP v. Michael L. Cass (Tex. App. 2025).

Robert S. Alcott III v. 1893 Oil & Gas, Ltd. & ELP2 Minerals, Ltd. (Tex. App. 2025).

Joshua L. Jones v. Springboard CDFI 23-2 LP (Tex. App. 2025).

Shawn Ashley Mitchell v. Anna Dolores Everett (2026).

John P. Boerschig v. Rio Grande Elec. Coop., Inc. (Tex. 2026).

Cypress Nw. Assocs., Ltd. v. Wayne Duddlesten, Ltd., & BC All., Inc. (Tex. App. 2008).

G.L. Vinson/Charles M. Black, Jr. Kenneth Bramblett Jane Bramblett Mural Cook Lynne Cook Travis Duncan Lydia Taylor McBride Betty Melcher Harold J. Nelson Nikki Perrotta Janet R. Rader Anne Marie St. Martin Jerome Urbanek v. Charles & Cora A. Brown/G. L. Vinson (Tex. App. 2002).

Earnest Taylor v. Vernice Hill (Tex. App. 2004).

Fred O. Placke, Jr. John L. Placke William M. Placke Placke & Co., Inc. Dorothy Placke & Sue Placke v. Lee-Fayette Counties W.C.I.D. 1 A/K/A Lee-Fayette Counties Cummins Creek Water Control & Improvement Dist. 1 (Tex. App. 2005).

August Meduna, Jr. & Gary Meduna, Sr. v. Ruth Holder (Tex. App. 2008).

Earnest Taylor v. Vernice Hill & Consol. Rural Props., Ltd. (Tex. App. 2008).

Est. of Jose Ernesto Trevino, Guadalupe P. Trevino, Jose Jaime Trevino & Patsy Trevino v. Billy C. Melton, Daisy Melton, Maria Del Rosario P. Lopez & Miguel G. Lopez, Jr. (Tex. App. 2009).

Stevie Preston Dean v. State (Tex. App. 2003).

Woodmark Austin Ltd. P'ship v. Coinamatic, Inc. (Tex. App. 2007).

J. Cleo Thompson & James Cleo Thompson, Jr. L.P., Wes-Tex Drilling Co., L.P., & Approach Resources I, L. P. v. Cheryl Elizabeth Clayton (Tex. App. 2009).

in the Est. of Bertha Costello (Tex. App. 2008).

Hidalgo Cnty. Appraisal Dist. v. Hic Texas I, L.L.C. (Tex. App. 2009).

in the Matter of the Marriage of Jamileh Merrikh & David Hossien Merrikh (Tex. App. 2015).

Charles Seber & Barbara Seber v. Union Pac. R.R. Co. (Tex. App. 2011).

Whoa USA, Inc. v. Regan Props., LLC (Tex. App. 2014).

Kgck Llc v. Steven A. Miller & B. Miller Ltd. Farm P'ship (Tex. App. 2014).

Anderson Energy Corp. & Ellersly, Inc. (Appellants/Cross-Appellees) v. Dominion Oklahoma Texas Expl. & Prod., Inc. & Highmount Expl. & Prod. Texas, LLC (Appellees/Cross-Appellants) (Tex. App. 2015).

Laird Hill Salt Water Disposal, Ltd. & Boltserv, Inc. v. East Texas Salt Water Disposal, Inc. (Tex. App. 2011).

Dorothy Harris A/K/A Ruth Armstrong Harris v. O. B. Watson, Herbert Gilliam, Ruby Inez Slaton & Shirley Jean Patterson (Tex. App. 2010).

Tim P. Dittman & Debbie L. Dittman v. Anthony A. Cerone & Ootzie Props. - Hou, LLC Formerly Named Ootzie of Texas, Llc (Tex. App. 2013).

Reeder John v. Billie Brewer Curry (Tex. App. 2013).

in the Est. of Doris Irene Ward (Tex. App. 2011).

Jean Conway v. Dallas Durell & Kelly Soliz (Tex. App. 2012).

Charles M. Chambers & Juliann S. Chambers v. Equity Bank, SSB (Tex. App. 2010).

Glenn A. Wade & Karen Wade v. XTO Energy Inc. (Tex. App. 2013).

Stephen E. Martin v. Gene Oliver \Buddy\" Cockrell" (Tex. App. 2010).

Galland Henning Nopak, Inc. v. Susan Combs, Successor to Carole Strayhorn, Comptroller of Pub. Accounts of the State of Texas & Greg Abbott, Attorney Gen. of the State of Texas (Tex. App. 2010).

in the Est. of Raymond Oatman Whipple, Jr. (Tex. App. 2013).

Lynette Starr v. A. J. Struss & Co. (Tex. App. 2015).

St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co. & St. Paul Surplus Lines Ins. Co. v. Petroplex Energy, Inc., 474 S.W.3d 454 (Tex. App. 2015).

John A. Lance, Debra L. Lance, F.D. Franks & Helen Franks v. Judith & Terry Robinson, Gary & Brenda Fest, Virginia Gray & Butch Townsend (Tex. App. 2015).

Bell v. Comm'r, 2013 T.C. Summary Opinion 20 (Tax Ct. 2013).

Michael Cobb v. Chris Wilson & Pope, Roberts & Warren, P.C. (Tex. App. 1992).

Leland R. Enochs, Guardian Ad Litem for Justin Casey Vaught & Frank Vaught v. Kimetha Chiesa Brown, Individually, & as Next Friend of Justin Casey Vaught (Tex. App. 1994).

Michael A. Jenkins & Helen Marie Jones Van Dyke v. Nebraska Alexander Lucille Rogers Jeraline Thornton Hallie B. Ward Willie L. Roach Sam Clark Evelina Lipscomb Horace Nichols James Nichols Marie Jones & Bessie Lee Hill (Tex. App. 1997).

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