12 U.S.C. § 2183

Dissolution; voluntary or involuntary liquidation; mergers; receiverships or conservators

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(a) Voluntary liquidation; consent of Farm Credit Administration; rules and regulations; minimization of adverse effect; voluntary merger; mandatory merger on failure to comply or meet obligations

No institution of the System shall go into voluntary liquidation without the consent of the Farm Credit Administration and with such consent may liquidate only in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Farm Credit Administration. In the case of a voluntary liquidation of an association, such regulations, among other things, shall direct the supervising bank to institute such measures as it deems appropriate to minimize the adverse effect of the liquidation on those borrowers whose loans are purchased by or otherwise transferred to another System institution. The Farm Credit Administration Board may require an association to merge with another association whenever it determines, with the concurrence of the board of the supervising bank, that an association has failed to meet its outstanding obligations or failed to conduct its operations in accordance with this chapter.

(b) Appointment of conservator or receiver; grounds; action for removal; stay of actions or proceedings

The Farm Credit Administration Board may appoint a conservator or receiver for any System institution on the determination by the Farm Credit Administration Board that one or more of the following exists, or is occurring, with respect to the institution: (1) insolvency, in that the assets of the institution are less than its obligations to its creditors and others, including its members; (2) substantial dissipation of assets or earnings due to any violation of law, rules, or regulations, or to any unsafe or unsound practice; (3) an unsafe or unsound condition to transact business; (4) willful violation of a cease and desist order that has become final; (5) concealment of books, papers, records, or assets of the institution or refusal to submit books, papers, records, or other material relating to the affairs of the institution for inspection to any examiner or to any lawful agent of the Farm Credit Administration; (6) the institution is unable to timely pay principal or interest on any insured obligation (as defined in section 2277a(3) of this title) issued by the institution. The Farm Credit Administration Board shall have exclusive power and jurisdiction to appoint a conservator or receiver, and such receiver or conservator, after the 5-year period beginning on January 6, 1988, shall be the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation. If the Farm Credit Administration Board determines that a ground for the appointment of a conservator or receiver as herein provided exists, the Farm Credit Administration Board may appoint ex parte and without notice a conservator or receiver for the institution. In the event of such appointment, the institution, within thirty days thereafter, may bring an action in the United States district court for the judicial district in which the home office of such institution is located, or in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, for an order requiring the Farm Credit Administration Board to remove such conservator or receiver, and the court shall on the merits, dismiss such action or direct the Farm Credit Administration Board to remove such conservator or receiver. On the commencement of such an action, the court having jurisdiction of any other action or enforcement proceeding authorized under this chapter to which the institution is a party shall stay such action or proceeding during the pendency of the action for removal of the conservator or receiver.

In the case of an involuntary liquidation of an association, regulations of the Farm Credit Administration, among other things, shall direct the supervising bank to institute such measures as it deems appropriate to minimize the adverse effect of the liquidation on those borrowers whose loans are purchased by or otherwise transferred to another System institution.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, § 4.12, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 612; Pub. L. 99–205, title I, § 102, title II, § 205(f)(5), title III, § 305, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1679, 1706, 1708; Pub. L. 100–233, title III, § 306, title IV, § 418(a)(4), formerly § 415(a)(4), § 431(g), title VIII, § 805(r), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1622, 1653, 1660, 1716, renumbered § 418(a)(4), Pub. L. 100–399, title IV, § 409(a), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 1003; Pub. L. 100–399, title IX, § 901(f), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 1007.)Editorial NotesAmendments

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–399, § 901(f), substituted “board of the supervising bank” for “district board”.

Pub. L. 100–233, § 415(a)(4), struck out third sentence which provided that Associations may voluntarily merge with other like associations upon the vote of a majority of each of their stockholders present and voting or voting by written proxy at duly authorized meetings, and with the approval of the supervising bank and the Farm Credit Administration, and substituted “Board may require an association to merge with another association” for “may require such merger” in fourth sentence.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–233, § 431(g), substituted “Farm Credit Administration Board” for “Farm Credit Administration” wherever appearing other than in cl. (5).

Pub. L. 100–233, § 306, added cl. (6) and inserted “, and such receiver or conservator, after the 5-year period beginning on January 6, 1988, shall be the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation” before the period at end of second sentence.

Pub. L. 100–233, § 805(r), substituted “court shall” for “court, shall”.

1985—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–205, § 205(f)(5), substituted “Farm Credit Administration” for “Federal Farm Credit Board” in last sentence.

Pub. L. 99–205, § 305(a), inserted after first sentence a sentence requiring the regulations, in the case of a voluntary liquidation of an association, to direct the supervising bank to institute appropriate measures to minimize the adverse effect of the liquidation on borrowers whose loans are purchased by or otherwise transferred to another System institution.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–205, § 102, in revising subsec. (b), substituted expanded provisions respecting appointment of conservator or receiver for former provision, which read as follows: “Upon default of any obligation by any institution of the System, such institution may be declared insolvent and placed in the hands of a conservator or a receiver appointed by the Governor and the proceedings thereon shall be in accordance with regulations of the Farm Credit Administration regarding such insolvencies.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–205, § 305(b), added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–399 effective as if enacted immediately after enactment of Pub. L. 100–233, which was approved Jan. 6, 1988, see section 1001(a) of Pub. L. 100–399, set out as a note under section 2002 of this title.

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–205 effective thirty days after Dec. 23, 1985, see section 401 of Pub. L. 99–205, set out as a note under section 2001 of this title.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 11 cases, 1982–2012 · leading case: Clarence B. Bailey v. Federal Intermediate Credit Bank of St. Louis

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Clarence B. Bailey v. Federal Intermediate Credit Bank of St. Louis (1986) ca8 “12 U.S.C. § 2183 . All of the powers of a PCA are subject to supervision by the appropriate intermediate credit bank and the FCA.”

Grant v. Federal Land Bank of Jackson (1990) lactapp “In this case, the land bank was determined to be insolvent and REW was appointed receiver pursuant to 12 U.S.C. § 2183 . The FCA's appointment of REW differs from the FDIC's or FSLIC's appointment of a receiver only in that the FDIC and FSLIC must appoint themselves as receiver…”

Federal Deposit Insurance v. Lockhaven Estates, LLC (2012) nmd “1989) (affirming summary judgment for the plaintiff, because the doctrine underlying 12 U.S.C. § 2183 (e) barred assertion of the alleged oral agreement of the bank to fund a second loan)).”

VanLeeuwen v. Farm Credit Administration (1983) ord “See 12 U.S.C. § 2183 (b). The August 10,1983 FCA Order makes it clear that institution of protective procedures was based on a finding of impairment of capital stock resulting from the June 30 audit.”

Jacobson v. Western Montana Production Credit Ass'n (1986) mtd “Under 12 U.S.C. § 2183 (b), the Farm Credit Administration is given power to provide for the liquidation of Production Credit Associations.”

Williams v. Federal Land Bank of Jackson (1990) dcd “The FCA determined that these defendants were insolvent and, on May 20, 1988, it appointed a receiver pursuant to authority vested in it by 12 U.S.C. § 2183 (b). The duties, powers and authority of the receiver are prescribed in 12 C.”

Harper v. Farm Credit Administration (1985) ord “Plaintiffs ask that defendants be enjoined from proceeding with the liquidation of the WPCA or other Production Credit Associations (PCAs) or foreclosing on mortgages or loans until this court is satisfied that proper regulations governing liquidation of PCAs have been…”

Colorado Springs Production Credit Ass'n v. Farm Credit Administration (1988) dcd “12 U.S.C. § 2183 (a). PCAs elect their own directors, officers, and shareholders, but the salary of their officers and employees, and the appointment and compensation of the chief executive officer, must be approved by the FICBs.”

Telegraph Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Federal Savings & Loan Insurance (1982) ilnd “, Farm Credit Act of 1971, 12 U.S.C. § 2183 (b) (1980); Securities Investor Protection Act Amendments of 1978, 15 U.”

TELEGRAPH S & L ASS'N v. Federal S & L Ins. Corp. (1982) ilnd “, Farm Credit Act of 1971, 12 U.S.C. § 2183 (b) (1980); Securities Investor Protection Act Amendments of 1978, 15 U.”

VanLeeuwen v. Farm Credit Administration (1984) ord · cites it 2× “Title 12 U.S.C. § 2183 (a) provides, in part: No institution of the System shall go into voluntary liquidation without the consent of the FCA and with such consent may liquidate only in accordance with regulations prescribed by the FCA.”

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