18 U.S.C. § 1231
Transportation of strikebreakers
Whoever willfully transports in interstate or foreign commerce any person who is employed or is to be employed for the purpose of obstructing or interfering by force or threats with (1) peaceful picketing by employees during any labor controversy affecting wages, hours, or conditions of labor, or (2) the exercise by employees of any of the rights of self-organization or collective bargaining; or
Whoever is knowingly transported or travels in interstate or foreign commerce for any of the purposes enumerated in this section—
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.
This section shall not apply to common carriers.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 18
cases (2 in the last 5 years), 1954–2026 · leading case: United States v. Bass
United States v. Bass (1971)
“§ 1951 (robbery and extortion); 18 U. S. C. § 1231 (strikebreaking); 18 U.”
McElroy v. United States (1982)
“IV) (kidnaping); 18 U. S. C. § 1231 (strikebreaking); 18 U.”
Garcia-Garcia v. Sessions (2017)
“2 18 U.S.C. § 1231 (b)(3)(B) then describes certain specific categories of aliens -- not including those subject to reinstated removal orders -- who may not benefit from withholding of removal.”
Sarhan v. Holder (2011)
“We have acknowledged that the terms “race, religion, nationality,” “particular social group,” and “political opinion” are not necessarily self-defining and, consequently, that the Board’s understanding of them is entitled to Chevron deference.”
United States v. Ballinger (2002)
“§ 1074 (flight to avoid prosecution for destroying property); 18 U.S.C. § 1231 (interstate travel to engage in strikebreaking); 18 U.”
United States v. Weaver (2011)
“” For example, 18 U.S.C. § 1231 distinguishes “employees” — the workers hired for wages — from persons who are “employed for” a purpose: “Whoever willfully transports .”
Professional Staff Nurses Ass'n v. Dimensions Health Corp. (1996)
“Professional’s reliance on what it terms the federal anti-strikebreaker act, 18 U.S.C. § 1231 , for the proposition that Congress intended to exclude states from this area of regulation is misplaced.”
United States v. Donald Lavern Culbert (1977)
“Kidnapping, ransom; 18 U.S.C. § 1231 . Transportation of strikebreakers; 18 U.”
United States v. Myers (2008)
“§§ 2311 , 2314-2315 (making it a crime to travel in interstate commerce with stolen property); 18 U.S.C. § 1231 (traveling in interstate commerce to engage in strikebreaking).”
United States v. Jay Scott Ballinger (2002)
“§ 1074 (to avoid prosecution for destroying property); 18 U.S.C. § 1231 (to engage in strikebreaking); 18 U.”
Duy Dac Ho v. Greene (2000)
“See 18 U.S.C. § 1231 (a)(6); accord Chi Thon Ngo v.”
People of Illinois ex rel. Barra v. Archer Daniels Midland Co. (1983)
“Or the state might persuade the court to construe the Act as applicable not to “scabs” (as the Act reads) but to' “goons,” like the Byrnes Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1231 , to which the state in its brief improbably likens the Illinois Act; and it might prove that Payne & Keller was hired…”
— 18 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3) — 1 case
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