18 U.S.C. § 2199

Stowaways on vessels or aircraft

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Whoever, without the consent of the owner, charterer, master, or person in command of any vessel, or aircraft, with intent to obtain transportation, boards, enters or secretes himself aboard such vessel or aircraft and is thereon at the time of departure of said vessel or aircraft from a port, harbor, wharf, airport or other place within the jurisdiction of the United States; or

Whoever, with like intent, having boarded, entered or secreted himself aboard a vessel or aircraft at any place within or without the jurisdiction of the United States, remains aboard after the vessel or aircraft has left such place and is thereon at any place within the jurisdiction of the United States; or

Whoever, with intent to obtain a ride or transportation, boards or enters any aircraft owned or operated by the United States without the consent of the person in command or other duly authorized officer or agent—

(1) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both;

(2) if the person commits an act proscribed by this section, with the intent to commit serious bodily injury, and serious bodily injury occurs (as defined under section 1365, including any conduct that, if the conduct occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, would violate section 2241 or 2242) to any person other than a participant as a result of a violation of this section, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both; and

(3) if an individual commits an act proscribed by this section, with the intent to cause death, and if the death of any person other than a participant occurs as a result of a violation of this section, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for any number of years or for life, or both.

The word “aircraft” as used in this section includes any contrivance for navigation or flight in the air.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 20 cases (2 in the last 5 years), 1950–2026 · leading case: United States v. Banjoko

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United States v. Banjoko (2009) ca11 · cites it 7× “PER CURIAM: Erik Banjoko appeals his conviction for stowing away on a vessel that entered United States jurisdiction, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2199 . On appeal, Banjoko argues § 2199: (1) should be interpreted as requiring a knowing and voluntary act, and (2) does not clearly…”

United States v. McCulley (1982) ca11 · cites it 2× “Specifically, DeLucia was convicted of stowing away on an aircraft in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2199 , of stealing mail in violation of 18 U.”

United States v. Camacho-Ibarquen (2005) ca11 “Count one charged Camacho with being a stowaway on board a vessel in the jurisdiction of the United States, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2199 . Count two charged Camacho with knowingly and unlawfully entering the United States after having been previously deported, in violation…”

United States v. John Nassif (2024) cadc “§ 7270b, or traveling aboard a 24 vessel or aircraft without consent, 18 U.S.C. § 2199—section 1752(a)(2) requires no unauthorized entry into government property or systems.”

United States v. Marvin Percival Johnson, Kathleen M. Johnson (1983) ca11 “As a result, Johnson was indicted in the Northern District of Georgia for conspiracy to violate 18 U.S.C. §§ 2199 and 659. Hargan negotiated a plea agreement with the government, consenting to testify against Johnson in the upcoming trial.”

United States v. Valdemar Da Silva Pereira (1978) ca2 “He was prosecuted in Maryland as a stowaway under 18 U.S.C. § 2199 , pleaded guilty on February 23, 1972, and was remanded for deportation.”

United States v. Ivencio-Belique-Emilia (2003) ca3 · cites it 4× “OPINION OF THE COURT PER CURIAM: Ivencio Belique-Emilia, a citizen of the Dominican Republic, was convicted of stowing away on a vessel, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2199 . In this appeal, he argues that venue was not proper in the District of the Virgin Islands and that the…”

Robert M. Botts v. United States (1969) ca9 “On November 29, 1966, he was appointed to represent Russell Gillespie, accused of stowing aboard ship in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2199 (1964). On February 15, 1967, he was appointed to represent Arthur Grindstaff, charged with embezzling on a military reservation a thing of…”

Lambros Seaplane Base, Inc. v. The Batory Gdynia-America Shipping Lines, Limited v. Lambros Seaplane Base, Inc (1954) ca2 “802 , 18 U.S. C.A. § 2199. 3 . This act, by section 9, defined “aircraft” as “any contrivance now known or hereafter invented, used, or designed for navigation of or flight in the air” with exceptions not here relevant.”

United States v. Rodriguez (1960) casd “88 , distinguishing the Baker ease from a prosecution under Title 18 U.S.C.A. § 2199 , concerning the prosecution of stowaways; 45 Cal.”

United States v. Angcog (1961) gud “§ 2152 ; and Count Three: violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2199 . The defendant has pleaded “guilty” to Count One and Count Three but.”

United States v. Cordova (1950) nyed “After the decision in the Peoples case, Congress adopted the suggestion of the judge who wrote the opinion and modified the law specifically to include aircraft within its coverage, 18 U.S.C.A. § 2199 , see 58 Stat. 111 , Mar.”

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