U.S. Code » Title 18 » Part PART I— CRIMES › Chapter CHAPTER 109B— SEX OFFENDER AND CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN REGISTRY

18 U.S.C. § 2250

Failure to register

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(a)In General.—Whoever—(1) is required to register under the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act;(2)(A) is a sex offender as defined for the purposes of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act by reason of a conviction under Federal law (including the Uniform Code of Military Justice), the law of the District of Columbia, Indian tribal law, or the law of any territory or possession of the United States; or(B) travels in interstate or foreign commerce, or enters or leaves, or resides in, Indian country; and(3) knowingly fails to register or update a registration as required by the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act;shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.(b)International Travel Reporting Violations.—Whoever—(1) is required to register under the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (42 U.S.C. 16901 et seq.); 11 See References in Text note below.(2) knowingly fails to provide information required by the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act relating to intended travel in foreign commerce; and(3) engages or attempts to engage in the intended travel in foreign commerce;shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.(c)Affirmative Defense.—In a prosecution for a violation under subsection (a) or (b), it is an affirmative defense that—(1) uncontrollable circumstances prevented the individual from complying;(2) the individual did not contribute to the creation of such circumstances in reckless disregard of the requirement to comply; and(3) the individual complied as soon as such circumstances ceased to exist.(d)Crime of Violence.—(1)In general.—An individual described in subsection (a) or (b) who commits a crime of violence under Federal law (including the Uniform Code of Military Justice), the law of the District of Columbia, Indian tribal law, or the law of any territory or possession of the United States shall be imprisoned for not less than 5 years and not more than 30 years.(2)Additional punishment.—The punishment provided in paragraph (1) shall be in addition and consecutive to the punishment provided for the violation described in subsection (a) or (b).(Added Pub. L. 109–248, title I, § 141(a)(1), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 602; amended Pub. L. 114–119, § 6(b), Feb. 8, 2016, 130 Stat. 23.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

The Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1), (2)(A), (3) and (b)(1), (2), is title I of Pub. L. 109–248, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 590, which was classified principally to subchapter I (§ 16901 et seq.) of chapter 151 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification as chapter 209 (§ 20901 et seq.) of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2006 Act note set out under section 10101 of Title 34 and Tables.

The Uniform Code of Military Justice, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2)(A) and (d)(1), is classified generally to chapter 47 (§ 801 et seq.) of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendments

2016—Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 114–119 added subsec. (b), redesignated former subsecs. (b) and (c) as (c) and (d), respectively, and in subsecs. (c) and (d), substituted “subsection (a) or (b)” for “subsection (a)” wherever appearing.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 984 cases (168 in the last 5 years), 1975–2026 · leading case: United States v. Gould, 568 F.3d 459 (4th Cir. 2009).
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United States v. Gould, 568 F.3d 459 (4th Cir. 2009). · cites it 38× “and 18 U.S.C. § 2250 ), for failing to register in Maryland as a sex offender when Maryland had not yet implemented SORNA's enhanced registration requirements.”
Carr v. United States, 560 U.S. 438 (2010). · cites it 18× “Argued February 24, 2010—Decided June 1, 2010 Enacted in 2006, the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) makes it a federal crime for, inter alia, any person (1) who “is required to register under [SORNA],” and (2) who “travels in in terstate or foreign…”
United States v. Anthony Kebodeaux, 687 F.3d 232 (5th Cir. 2012). · cites it 42× “Kebodeaux argues that § 2250(a)(2)(A) and the registration requirements that it enforces are unconstitutional as applied to him, because they exceed the constitutional powers of the United States.”
United States v. Hatcher, 560 F.3d 222 (4th Cir. 2009). · cites it 16× “Each of the Appellants was convicted of knowingly failing to register or update their registration as required by the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act ("SORNA"), in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2250 (a) (2006). The Appellants argue that SORNA is unconstitutional…”
United States v. Cain, 583 F.3d 408 (6th Cir. 2009). · cites it 18× “The Government indicted defendant Cain under 18 U.S.C. § 2250 for traveling from Ohio to Georgia sometime between October 16, 2006, and March 28, 2007, and failing to update his sex offender registration as required by state and federal law.”
Reynolds v. United States, 132 S. Ct. 975 (2012). · cites it 11× “” 18 U. S. C. §2250 (a). The Act defines “sex offender” to include offend- ers who were convicted before the Act’s effective date, 42 U.”
United States v. Hester, 589 F.3d 86 (2d Cir. 2009). · cites it 23× “), convicting him, following a guilty plea, of two counts of traveling in interstate commerce and failing to register or update his sex offender registration in violation of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (“SORNA”), 18 U.S.C. § 2250 (a), and one count of…”
United States v. Nazario Gonzalez-Medina, 757 F.3d 425 (5th Cir. 2014). · cites it 16× “HIGGINSON, Circuit Judge: Nazario Gonzalez-Medina appeals his conviction for failure to register as a sex offender in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2250 (a). On appeal, Gonzalez-Medina contends that he was not required to register as a sex offender because his Wisconsin conviction…”
United States v. Hinckley, 550 F.3d 926 (10th Cir. 2008). · cites it 10× “Defendant-Appellant Shawn Lloyd Hinckley appeals from his conviction for failing to register pursuant to the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act ("SORNA"), 18 U.S.C. § 2250 , enacted July 27, 2006.”
United States v. Lawrance, 548 F.3d 1329 (10th Cir. 2008). · cites it 14× “Defendant-Appellant Keith Allen Lawrance appeals from his conviction for failing to register pursuant to the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act ("SORNA"), 18 U.S.C. § 2250 , enacted July 27, 2006.”
United States v. Ambert, 561 F.3d 1202 (11th Cir. 2009). · cites it 9× “On September 18, 2007, Ambert was charged in a superseding federal indictment filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida with traveling in interstate commerce to Florida, and failing to register with the State of Florida, under the Sex…”
United States v. Yelloweagle, 643 F.3d 1275 (10th Cir. 2011). · cites it 13× “*1278 In addition to the requirement that states enact criminal penalties for the failure to register, SORNA contains its own criminal provision, 18 U.S.C. § 2250 (a), which provides that an individual who fails to register under § 16913 is guilty of an independent federal…”
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— 18 U.S.C. § 2250(a) — 7 cases
United States v. Anthony Helton, 944 F.3d 198 (4th Cir. 2019).
United States v. Navarro, 54 F.4th 268 (5th Cir. 2022).
United States v. Carl Lucas, 419 F. App'x 690 (8th Cir. 2011).
United States v. Anthony Helton (4th Cir. 2019).
GOGUEN v. United States (D. Me. 2020).
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