Utah Code
Utah Code § 63G-7-102 (2026)
Definitions
✓ current as of May 2026
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As used in this chapter:
"Arises out of or in connection with, or results from," when used to describe the relationship between conduct or a condition and an injury, means that:
there is some causal relationship between the conduct or condition and the injury;
the causal relationship is more than any causal connection but less than proximate cause; and
the causal relationship is sufficient to conclude that the injury originates with, flows from, or is incident to the conduct or condition.
"Claim" means any asserted demand for or cause of action for money or damages, whether arising under the common law, under state constitutional provisions, or under state statutes, against a governmental entity or against an employee in the employee's personal capacity.
"Emergency medical services" means the same as that term is defined in Section 53-2d-101.
"Employee" includes:
a governmental entity's officers, employees, servants, trustees, or commissioners;
a member of a governing body;
a member of a government entity board;
a member of a government entity commission;
members of an advisory body, officers, and employees of a Children's Justice Center created in accordance with Section 67-5b-102;
a student holding a license issued by the State Board of Education;
an educational aide;
a student engaged in an internship under Section 53H-3-1002 or 53G-7-902;
a volunteer, as defined in Section 67-20-2; and
a tutor.
"Employee" includes all of the positions identified in Subsection (4)(a), whether or not the individual holding that position receives compensation.
"Employee" does not include an independent contractor.
"First responder" means the same as that term is defined in Section 34A-2-102.
"Governmental entity" means:
the state and its political subdivisions; and
"Governmental function" means each activity, undertaking, or operation of a governmental entity.
"Governmental function" includes each activity, undertaking, or operation performed by a department, agency, employee, agent, or officer of a governmental entity.
"Governmental function" includes a governmental entity's failure to act.
"Injury" means death, injury to a person, damage to or loss of property, or any other injury that a person may suffer to the person or estate, that would be actionable if inflicted by a private person or the private person's agent.
"Personal injury" means an injury of any kind other than property damage.
"Political subdivision" means any county, city, town, school district, community reinvestment agency, special improvement or taxing district, special district, special service district, an entity created by an interlocal agreement adopted under Title 11, Chapter 13, Interlocal Cooperation Act, or other governmental subdivision or public corporation.
"Property damage" means injury to, or loss of, any right, title, estate, or interest in real or personal property.
"State" means the state of Utah, and includes each office, department, division, agency, authority, commission, board, institution, hospital, college, university, Children's Justice Center, or other instrumentality of the state.
"Willful misconduct" means the intentional doing of a wrongful act, or the wrongful failure to act, without just cause or excuse, where the actor is aware that the actor's conduct will probably result in injury.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 45
cases (24 in the last 5 years), 2010–2026 · leading case: Mallory v. Brigham Young Univ., 2014 UT 27 (Utah 2014).
Mallory v. Brigham Young Univ., 2014 UT 27 (Utah 2014). “” UTAH CODE § 63G-7-102(2)(a)(i). 4 The Act defines a “claim” as “any asserted demand .”
GeoMetWatch Corp. v. Utah State Univ. Rsch. Found., 2018 UT 50 (Utah 2018). “§ 63G-7-102(10) (emphasis added). "Political subdivision" is defined as "any county, city, town, school district, community reinvestment agency, special improvement or taxing district, local district, special service district, an entity created by an interlocal agreement adopted…”
Pinder v. Duchesne, 2020 UT 68 (Utah 2020). “‖ UTAH CODE § 63G-7-102 (emphasis added). Here, the Pinders‘ causes of action for conversion, civil conspiracy, and negligence are claims under the UGIA because they are all ―cause[s] of action for money or damages‖ against governmental entities and employees.”
Mariani v. Driver License Div., 2024 UT 44 (Utah 2024). “§ 63G-7-102(1). The phrase means that “(a) there is some causal relationship between the conduct or condition and the injury; (b) the causal relationship is more than any causal connection but less than proximate cause; and (c) the causal relationship is sufficient to conclude…”
Nebeker v. Summit Cnty., 2014 UT App 244 (Utah Ct. App. 2014). “Code R37-4-2, -3(4); see also Utah Code Ann. § 63G-7-102 (LexisNexis 2011).”
Mallory v. Brigham Young Univ., 2012 UT App 242 (Utah Ct. App. 2012). “See Utah Code Ann. § 63G-7-102(2) (2011). For the convenience of the reader, when referring to the term as used in the GIAU, we use "Employee," and when referring to the common meaning of the term, we use "employee.”
GeoMetWatch v. Behunin, 38 F.4th 1183 (10th Cir. 2022). “” Utah Code § 63G-7-102(4). Likewise, the term “state,” as defined by the statute, means “the state of Utah, and includes each office, department, division, agency, authority, commission, board, institution, hospital, college, university, Children’s Justice Center, or other…”
Bingham v. Roosevelt City Corp., 2010 UT 37 (Utah 2010). “Utah Code Ann. § 63G-7-102(4). 70 . Id. § 63G-7-301(4).”
Salo v. Tyler, 2018 UT 7 (Utah 2018). “§ 63G-7-102(11). Thus, willfulness requires a showing (1) that the government actor intentionally performed a wrongful act (2) with an awareness that injury will likely result.”
Jenkins v. Jordan Valley Water Conservancy Dist., 2012 UT App 204 (Utah Ct. App. 2012). “§ 63G-7-102(3) (2011) (" 'Governmental entity' means the state and its political subdivisions as both are defined in this section.”
McKitrick v. Gibson, 2021 UT 48 (Utah 2021). “§ 63G-7-102(8); see also id. §§ 63G-9-201(1)(a), -22- 102(1).”
Gressman v. State, 2013 UT 63 (Utah 2013). “2009) (defining "personal injury" as "[aluy invasion of a personal right, including mental suffering and false imprisonment"); Ura Cope § 63G-7-102(6) (stating that "Personal Injury" for pur *1014 poses of Utah's Government Immunity Act "means an injury of any kind other than…”
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(1) — 6 cases
Mariani v. Driver License Div., 2024 UT 44 (Utah 2024). “§ 63G-7-102(1). The phrase means that “(a) there is some causal relationship between the conduct or condition and the injury; (b) the causal relationship is more than any causal connection but less than proximate cause; and (c) the causal relationship is sufficient to conclude…”
Mallory v. Brigham Young Univ., 2014 UT 27 (Utah 2014). “” UTAH CODE § 63G-7-102(2)(a)(i). 4 The Act defines a “claim” as “any asserted demand .”
Scott v. Wingate Wilderness Therapy, 2021 UT 28 (Utah 2021).
Mariani v. Driver License Div., 2023 UT App 79 (Utah Ct. App. 2023).
Ruesch v. Purple Shovel (D. Utah 2021).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(1)(a) — 1 case
Mariani v. Driver License Div., 2024 UT 44 (Utah 2024). “§ 63G-7-102(1). The phrase means that “(a) there is some causal relationship between the conduct or condition and the injury; (b) the causal relationship is more than any causal connection but less than proximate cause; and (c) the causal relationship is sufficient to conclude…”
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(1)(c) — 2 cases
Mariani v. Driver License Div., 2024 UT 44 (Utah 2024). “§ 63G-7-102(1). The phrase means that “(a) there is some causal relationship between the conduct or condition and the injury; (b) the causal relationship is more than any causal connection but less than proximate cause; and (c) the causal relationship is sufficient to conclude…”
Mariani v. Driver License Div., 2023 UT App 79 (Utah Ct. App. 2023).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(10) — 4 cases
GeoMetWatch Corp. v. Utah State Univ. Rsch. Found., 2018 UT 50 (Utah 2018). “§ 63G-7-102(10) (emphasis added). "Political subdivision" is defined as "any county, city, town, school district, community reinvestment agency, special improvement or taxing district, local district, special service district, an entity created by an interlocal agreement adopted…”
Miller v. State of Utah, 638 F. App'x 707 (10th Cir. 2016).
McGraw v. Univ. of Utah, 2019 UT App 144 (Utah Ct. App. 2019).
Davis v. Garcia, 953 F. Supp. 2d 1205 (D. Utah 2013).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(11) — 4 cases
Salo v. Tyler, 2018 UT 7 (Utah 2018). “§ 63G-7-102(11). Thus, willfulness requires a showing (1) that the government actor intentionally performed a wrongful act (2) with an awareness that injury will likely result.”
Rossi v. Univ. of Utah (D. Utah 2024).
Pingree v. Univ. of Utah (D. Utah 2022).
Anderson v. Richards (D. Utah 2023).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(12) — 1 case
Treadwell (D. Utah 2026).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(2) — 6 cases
Pinder v. Duchesne, 2020 UT 68 (Utah 2020). “‖ UTAH CODE § 63G-7-102 (emphasis added). Here, the Pinders‘ causes of action for conversion, civil conspiracy, and negligence are claims under the UGIA because they are all ―cause[s] of action for money or damages‖ against governmental entities and employees.”
Mallory v. Brigham Young Univ., 2014 UT 27 (Utah 2014). “” UTAH CODE § 63G-7-102(2)(a)(i). 4 The Act defines a “claim” as “any asserted demand .”
Mallory v. Brigham Young Univ., 2012 UT App 242 (Utah Ct. App. 2012). “See Utah Code Ann. § 63G-7-102(2) (2011). For the convenience of the reader, when referring to the term as used in the GIAU, we use "Employee," and when referring to the common meaning of the term, we use "employee.”
3 Dimensional Contractors v. Utah Associated, 2024 UT App 35 (Utah Ct. App. 2024).
Muir v. Wasatch Front Waste & Recycling, 2024 UT App 48 (Utah Ct. App. 2024).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(2)(a) — 2 cases
Mallory v. Brigham Young Univ., 2014 UT 27 (Utah 2014). “” UTAH CODE § 63G-7-102(2)(a)(i). 4 The Act defines a “claim” as “any asserted demand .”
Mallory v. Brigham Young Univ., 2012 UT App 242 (Utah Ct. App. 2012). “See Utah Code Ann. § 63G-7-102(2) (2011). For the convenience of the reader, when referring to the term as used in the GIAU, we use "Employee," and when referring to the common meaning of the term, we use "employee.”
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(2)(a)(1) — 1 case
Mallory v. Brigham Young Univ., 2012 UT App 242 (Utah Ct. App. 2012). “See Utah Code Ann. § 63G-7-102(2) (2011). For the convenience of the reader, when referring to the term as used in the GIAU, we use "Employee," and when referring to the common meaning of the term, we use "employee.”
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(2)(a)(i) — 1 case
Mallory v. Brigham Young Univ., 2014 UT 27 (Utah 2014). “” UTAH CODE § 63G-7-102(2)(a)(i). 4 The Act defines a “claim” as “any asserted demand .”
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(2)(c) — 1 case
Mallory v. Brigham Young Univ., 2014 UT 27 (Utah 2014). “” UTAH CODE § 63G-7-102(2)(a)(i). 4 The Act defines a “claim” as “any asserted demand .”
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(3) — 2 cases
Jenkins v. Jordan Valley Water Conservancy Dist., 2012 UT App 204 (Utah Ct. App. 2012). “§ 63G-7-102(3) (2011) (" 'Governmental entity' means the state and its political subdivisions as both are defined in this section.”
McGraw v. Univ. of Utah, 2019 UT App 144 (Utah Ct. App. 2019).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(4) — 4 cases
GeoMetWatch Corp. v. Utah State Univ. Rsch. Found., 2018 UT 50 (Utah 2018). “§ 63G-7-102(10) (emphasis added). "Political subdivision" is defined as "any county, city, town, school district, community reinvestment agency, special improvement or taxing district, local district, special service district, an entity created by an interlocal agreement adopted…”
GeoMetWatch v. Behunin, 38 F.4th 1183 (10th Cir. 2022). “” Utah Code § 63G-7-102(4). Likewise, the term “state,” as defined by the statute, means “the state of Utah, and includes each office, department, division, agency, authority, commission, board, institution, hospital, college, university, Children’s Justice Center, or other…”
Bingham v. Roosevelt City Corp., 2010 UT 37 (Utah 2010). “Utah Code Ann. § 63G-7-102(4). 70 . Id. § 63G-7-301(4).”
Jenkins v. Jordan Valley Water Conservancy Dist., 2012 UT App 204 (Utah Ct. App. 2012). “§ 63G-7-102(3) (2011) (" 'Governmental entity' means the state and its political subdivisions as both are defined in this section.”
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(4)(a) — 6 cases
Yung-Kai Lu v. Univ. of Utah, 660 F. App'x 573 (10th Cir. 2016).
3 Dimensional Contractors v. Utah Associated, 2024 UT App 35 (Utah Ct. App. 2024).
Petersen v. Riverton City, 784 F. Supp. 2d 1234 (D. Utah 2011).
Fuja v. Stephens, 2025 UT App 109 (Utah Ct. App. 2025).
Tracy v. Stephens (D. Utah 2022).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(4)(b) — 2 cases
Mallory v. Brigham Young Univ., 2012 UT App 242 (Utah Ct. App. 2012). “See Utah Code Ann. § 63G-7-102(2) (2011). For the convenience of the reader, when referring to the term as used in the GIAU, we use "Employee," and when referring to the common meaning of the term, we use "employee.”
Scott v. Universal Sales, Inc., 2015 UT 64 (Utah 2015).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(4)(c) — 1 case
Asset Acceptance LLC v. Utah State Treasurer, 2016 UT App 25 (Utah Ct. App. 2016).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(48)(b) — 1 case
Mallory v. Brigham Young Univ., 2012 UT App 242 (Utah Ct. App. 2012). “See Utah Code Ann. § 63G-7-102(2) (2011). For the convenience of the reader, when referring to the term as used in the GIAU, we use "Employee," and when referring to the common meaning of the term, we use "employee.”
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(5) — 4 cases
Mariani v. Driver License Div., 2024 UT 44 (Utah 2024). “§ 63G-7-102(1). The phrase means that “(a) there is some causal relationship between the conduct or condition and the injury; (b) the causal relationship is more than any causal connection but less than proximate cause; and (c) the causal relationship is sufficient to conclude…”
Mariani v. Driver License Div., 2023 UT App 79 (Utah Ct. App. 2023).
Armenta v. Unified Fire, 2025 UT 26 (Utah 2025).
Rodriguez v. Cache Cnty. Corp. (D. Utah 2021).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(5)(a) — 6 cases
Doutre v. Box Elder Cnty., 2024 UT App 58 (Utah Ct. App. 2024).
Mariani v. Driver License Div., 2023 UT App 79 (Utah Ct. App. 2023).
Ottley v. Corry (D. Utah 2020).
McDonald v. Meldrum (D. Utah 2021).
Salas v. Univ. of Utah Health Ctr. (D. Utah 2022).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(5)(b) — 3 cases
Fuja v. Stephens, 2025 UT App 109 (Utah Ct. App. 2025).
Catalyst Campus for Tech. & Innovation v. Brown (D. Utah 2025).
Turner (D. Utah 2026).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(6) — 2 cases
Pinder v. Duchesne, 2020 UT 68 (Utah 2020). “‖ UTAH CODE § 63G-7-102 (emphasis added). Here, the Pinders‘ causes of action for conversion, civil conspiracy, and negligence are claims under the UGIA because they are all ―cause[s] of action for money or damages‖ against governmental entities and employees.”
Gressman v. State, 2013 UT 63 (Utah 2013). “2009) (defining "personal injury" as "[aluy invasion of a personal right, including mental suffering and false imprisonment"); Ura Cope § 63G-7-102(6) (stating that "Personal Injury" for pur *1014 poses of Utah's Government Immunity Act "means an injury of any kind other than…”
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(7) — 1 case
Jenkins v. Jordan Valley Water Conservancy Dist., 2012 UT App 204 (Utah Ct. App. 2012). “§ 63G-7-102(3) (2011) (" 'Governmental entity' means the state and its political subdivisions as both are defined in this section.”
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(8) — 7 cases
GeoMetWatch Corp. v. Utah State Univ. Rsch. Found., 2018 UT 50 (Utah 2018). “§ 63G-7-102(10) (emphasis added). "Political subdivision" is defined as "any county, city, town, school district, community reinvestment agency, special improvement or taxing district, local district, special service district, an entity created by an interlocal agreement adopted…”
Nebeker v. Summit Cnty., 2014 UT App 244 (Utah Ct. App. 2014). “Code R37-4-2, -3(4); see also Utah Code Ann. § 63G-7-102 (LexisNexis 2011).”
McKitrick v. Gibson, 2021 UT 48 (Utah 2021). “§ 63G-7-102(8); see also id. §§ 63G-9-201(1)(a), -22- 102(1).”
Tracy v. Stephens (D. Utah 2022).
Turner (D. Utah 2026).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(9) — 1 case
Sean Smith v. Utah Valley Univ., 619 F. App'x 559 (7th Cir. 2015).
— Utah Code § 63G-7-102(c) — 1 case
Monarrez v. Utah Dep't of Transp., 2014 UT App 219 (Utah Ct. App. 2014).
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