A. Any person assessed with any tax administered by the Department of Taxation and aggrieved by any such assessment, or aggrieved by an action by the Department with respect to a transferred credit or other tax attribute, or aggrieved by an action by the Department with respect to debarment pursuant to § 58.1-1902, may, unless otherwise specifically provided by law, within (i) three years from the date such assessment is made or (ii) one year from the date of the Tax Commissioner's determination under § 58.1-1822, whichever is later, apply to a circuit court for relief. The venue for such proceeding shall be as specified in subdivision 13 b of § 8.01-261. The application shall be before the court when it is filed in the clerk's office.
B. Except as provided in subsection C, the court shall require the applicant to pay the assessment before proceeding with its application upon granting a motion by the Tax Commissioner seeking to compel such payment and showing to the satisfaction of the court that the Department is likely to prevail on the merits of the case, that the application is (i) not well grounded in fact; (ii) not warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law; (iii) interposed for an improper purpose, such as to harass, to cause unnecessary delay in the collection of the revenue, or to create needless cost to the Commonwealth from the litigation; or (iv) otherwise frivolous.
C. In lieu of the payment required in subsection B, the taxpayer may, within 60 days of the court's ruling, (i) post a bond pursuant to the provisions of § 16.1-107, with a corporate surety licensed to do business in Virginia, or (ii) file an irrevocable letter of credit satisfactory to the Tax Commissioner as to the bank or savings institution, the form and substance, and payable to the Commonwealth in the face amount of the contested assessment increased by twice the interest rate for underpayments published by the Department and in effect at the time the application is filed. The letter of credit shall be from a bank incorporated or authorized to conduct banking business under the laws of this Commonwealth or authorized to do business in this Commonwealth under the banking laws of the United States, or a federally insured savings institution located in this Commonwealth. Such bond or irrevocable letter of credit shall be conditioned upon payment by the applicant of the amount of the taxes, penalty and interest ordered by the court pursuant to § 58.1-1826, if any.
D. Any person whose assessment has been improperly collected from property exempt from process may within three years from the date such assessment is made, or if later, within one year of the Tax Commissioner's decision on a process exemption claim under § 58.1-1821 apply to a circuit court for relief. The venue for such proceeding shall be as specified in subdivision 13 b of § 8.01-261.
The Department shall be named as defendant, and the proceedings shall be conducted as an action at law before the court sitting without a jury. It shall be the burden of the applicant in any such proceeding to show that the assessment or collection or action on a transferred credit or other tax attribute complained of is erroneous or otherwise improper. The court's order shall be entered pursuant to § 58.1-1826.
E. Nothing in this section shall prevent the Tax Commissioner from collecting the assessment if he determines that collection is in jeopardy.
Code 1950, § 58-1130; 1950, p. 598; 1973, c. 280; 1976, c. 311; 1977, c. 624; 1980, c. 633; 1984, c. 675; 1985, c. 221; 1991, c. 714; 1998, c. 529; 2003, c. 908; 2008, c. 549; 2020, cc. 681, 682.
Notes of Decisions
Kohl'S Dep't Stores, Inc. v. Va. Dep't of Taxation, 810 S.E.2d 891 (Va. 2018).
· cites it 4× “Kohl's subsequently filed a petition for rehearing in which it correctly noted that in proceedings commenced under Code § 58.1-1825, "rulings and administrative interpretations other than those described in subdivisions 2 and 3 shall not be admitted into evidence and shall be…”
Chesapeake Hosp. Auth. v. Commonwealth, 554 S.E.2d 55 (Va. 2001).
· cites it 3× “The Hospital paid the assessment under protest and filed an application in the trial court for correction of the assessment pursuant to Code § 58.1-1825. The trial court held the assessment was erroneous and, in a final order entered August 30, 2000, awarded the Hospital…”
Harper v. Virginia Dep't of Taxation, 509 U.S. 86 (1993).
“Va. Code Ann. § 58.1-1825 (1991). As of the date we decided Davis , this statute of limitations would have barred all actions seeking refunds from taxes imposed before 1985.”
Com., Dept. of Taxation v. Delta Air Lines, 513 S.E.2d 130 (Va. 1999).
· cites it 4× “We also address the question whether the circuit court erred by finding that Delta’s application to correct an erroneous tax assessment for two tax years was not timely filed pursuant to Code § 58.1-1825. We will reverse the judgment of the circuit court on this issue because we…”
Woolford v. Virginia Dep't of Taxation, 806 S.E.2d 398 (Va. 2017).
· cites it 2× “See Code § 58.1-1825(D). The Department moved for summary judgment arguing, among other things, that Simerlein was not a qualified appraiser under Virginia law and, accordingly, the entire appraisal should be disregarded.”
VIRGINIA CELLULAR v. Va. Dept. of Taxation, 666 S.E.2d 374 (Va. 2008).
· cites it 2× “Pursuant to Code § 58.1-1825(D), Virginia Cellular subsequently filed an application for relief with the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond.”
Gen. Motors Corp. v. Dept. of Taxation, 602 S.E.2d 123 (Va. 2004).
· cites it 2× “Consequently, pursuant to Code § 58.1-1825, General Motors filed an application for correction of erroneous assessment of its corporate income taxes in the Circuit Court of Fairfax County (the trial court).”
Com., Dept. of Taxation v. Blanks Oil Co., 498 S.E.2d 914 (Va. 1998).
· cites it 2× “40 for local sales taxes assessed in 1992 on deliveries Blanks made in such counties. We awarded the Department this appeal.”
Cisco Sys., Inc. v. Thorsen, 68 Va. Cir. 385 (Fairfax Cir. Ct. 2005).
· cites it 4× “Petitioner relies on Va. Code Ann. § 58.1-1825 to apply for a refund of excess taxes paid by its customers for the period of December 2000 to December 2003.”
Level 3 Commc'ns v. STATE CORP. COM'N, 710 S.E.2d 474 (Va. 2011).
· cites it 2× “Level 3's argument ignores the statutory remedies provided by Code § 58.1-1821 (permitting a taxpayer assessed with tax administered by the Department to apply for relief to the Commissioner within 90 days of the assessment) and Code § 58.”
Dep't of Taxation v. Westmoreland Coal Co., 366 S.E.2d 78 (Va. 1988).
· cites it 2× “1 On December 30, 1981, Westmoreland Coal Company (Westmoreland) filed an application for correction of erroneous tax assessment, former Code § 58-1130 (now Code § 58.1-1825), naming the Department of Taxation (the Department) as defendant in the proceedings.”
— Va. Code Ann. § 58.1-1825(A) — 1 case
— Va. Code Ann. § 58.1-1825(B) — 1 case
— Va. Code Ann. § 58.1-1825(D) — 3 cases
Woolford v. Virginia Dep't of Taxation, 806 S.E.2d 398 (Va. 2017).
“See Code § 58.1-1825(D). The Department moved for summary judgment arguing, among other things, that Simerlein was not a qualified appraiser under Virginia law and, accordingly, the entire appraisal should be disregarded.”
VIRGINIA CELLULAR v. Va. Dept. of Taxation, 666 S.E.2d 374 (Va. 2008).
“Pursuant to Code § 58.1-1825(D), Virginia Cellular subsequently filed an application for relief with the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond.”
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