Virginia Code

Va. Code Ann. § 8.01-299 (2026)

How process served on domestic stock corporations, nonstock corporations, and limited liability companies generally

✓ current as of May 2026

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Except as prescribed in § 8.01-300 as to municipal and quasi-governmental corporations, and subject to § 8.01-286.1, process may be served on a domestic stock corporation, nonstock corporation, or limited liability company created by the laws of the Commonwealth as follows:

1. By personal service on any officer, director, or registered agent of any such corporation or on the registered agent of such limited liability company;

2. By substituted service on stock corporations in accordance with § 13.1-637, on nonstock corporations in accordance with § 13.1-836, and on limited liability companies in accordance with § 13.1-1018; or

3. If the address of the registered office of the corporation or limited liability company is a single-family residential dwelling, by substituted service on the registered agent of the corporation or limited liability company in the manner provided by subdivision 2 of § 8.01-296.

This section does not prescribe the only means, or necessarily the required means, of serving a domestic stock or nonstock corporation or limited liability company.

Code 1950, § 8-59; 1954, c. 23; 1956, c. 432; 1958, c. 13; 1976, c. 395; 1977, c. 617; 1991, c. 672; 2005, c. 866; 2016, c. 270; 2018, c. 475; 2024, c. 454.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 26 cases (11 in the last 5 years), 1989–2026 · leading case: Fredericksburg Constr. Co. v. J.W. Wyne Excavating, Inc., 530 S.E.2d 148 (Va. 2000).

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Fredericksburg Constr. Co. v. J.W. Wyne Excavating, Inc., 530 S.E.2d 148 (Va. 2000). · cites it 14× “Fredericksburg further contended that, assuming it was not represented by counsel, service by first class mail on a principal of the corporation was insufficient under the provisions of Code § 8.01-299. Finally, Fredericksburg asserted that under the circumstances of this case…”

Frey v. Jefferson Homebuilders, Inc., 467 S.E.2d 788 (Va. 1996). · cites it 12× “Code § 8.01-299 (emphasis added). Thus, Jefferson argues that it is within the emphasized exception of Code § 8.”

Khatchi v. Landmark Restaurant Assocs., Inc., 375 S.E.2d 743 (Va. 1989). · cites it 4× “On appeal, as in the trial court, the defendant contends that the long-arm statute was designed to subject nonresidents, individuals who cannot be located, and foreign corporations to personal jurisdiction in a proper case, but that it was never intended to supplant Code §…”

Rice v. Alpha Sec., Inc., 940 F. Supp. 2d 321 (E.D. Va. 2013). · cites it 7× “” Va.Code Ann. § 8.01-299(E)(1). The Virginia Code provides for further rules where a nonsuit occurs, stating in pertinent part that: If a plaintiff suffers a voluntary nonsuit as prescribed in § 8.”

Joe Hand Promotions, Inc. v. Wing Spot Chicken & Waffles, Inc., 920 F. Supp. 2d 659 (E.D. Va. 2013). · cites it 2× “Section 8.01-299 of the Code of Virginia allows for service on a Virginia corporation by “personal service of any officer, director, or registered agent.”

In re Motorsports Merch. Antitrust Litig., 186 F.R.D. 344 (W.D. Va. 1999). · cites it 2× “Va.Code Ann. §§ 8.01-299 (Michie 1992 Repl.”

Penn-Am. Ins. Co. v. White Pines, Inc., 387 F. Supp. 3d 646 (E.D. Va. 2019). · cites it 2× “White Pines was properly served with the summons and Complaint under Virginia Code §§ 8.01-299(3) and 8.01-296(2) (b) as permitted under Fed.”

Michael Grecco Prods., Inc. v. Black Connections LLC (E.D. Va. 2024). · cites it 21× “By personal service on any officer, director, or registered agent of such corporation or on the registered agent of such limited liability company; 2.”

Michael Grecco Prods., Inc. v. Black Connections LLC (E.D. Va. 2025). · cites it 10× “In its Motion, Grecco Productions requests: (1) $95,712 in statutory damages; (2) “costs”; (3) that the Court “permanently enjoin [Black Connections] from infringing activities”; (4) that the Court “retain jurisdiction to enforce the Final Judgment and Permanent 'l Va. Code §…”

Antonio Noah Lassiter v. Commonwealth, 620 S.E.2d 563 (Va. Ct. App. 2005). “01-296 or § 8.01-299. When issued by a magistrate it may be returned to and the case heard and determined by the judge of a general district court.”

Guerra v. Minx Holdings Inc. (E.D. Va. 2025). · cites it 5× “See Va. Code Ann. § 8.01-299 (3). The executed service form itself confirms that posting the Summons and Complaint is proper only when serving an individual at a residence, not at a place of business.”

Carstea v. Colberts Const. Co., 65 Va. Cir. 185 (Fairfax Cir. Ct. 2004). · cites it 8× “Va. Code Ann. § 8.01-299 (Michie 2003) (emphasis added).”

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— Va. Code Ann. § 8.01-299(1) — 2 cases

Michael Grecco Prods., Inc. v. Black Connections LLC (E.D. Va. 2024). “By personal service on any officer, director, or registered agent of such corporation or on the registered agent of such limited liability company; 2.”

Michael Grecco Prods., Inc. v. Black Connections LLC (E.D. Va. 2025). “In its Motion, Grecco Productions requests: (1) $95,712 in statutory damages; (2) “costs”; (3) that the Court “permanently enjoin [Black Connections] from infringing activities”; (4) that the Court “retain jurisdiction to enforce the Final Judgment and Permanent 'l Va. Code §…”

— Va. Code Ann. § 8.01-299(2) — 1 case

— Va. Code Ann. § 8.01-299(3) — 2 cases

Penn-Am. Ins. Co. v. White Pines, Inc., 387 F. Supp. 3d 646 (E.D. Va. 2019). “White Pines was properly served with the summons and Complaint under Virginia Code §§ 8.01-299(3) and 8.01-296(2) (b) as permitted under Fed.”

— Va. Code Ann. § 8.01-299(D) — 2 cases

Moschetti v. Nixon Peabody, LLP (E.D. Va. 2024).

United States Just. Found. v. Response Unlimited, Inc. & Philip Zodhiates (W.D. Va. 2026).

— Va. Code Ann. § 8.01-299(E)(1) — 1 case

Rice v. Alpha Sec., Inc., 940 F. Supp. 2d 321 (E.D. Va. 2013). “” Va.Code Ann. § 8.01-299(E)(1). The Virginia Code provides for further rules where a nonsuit occurs, stating in pertinent part that: If a plaintiff suffers a voluntary nonsuit as prescribed in § 8.”

— Va. Code Ann. § 8.01-299(E)(3) — 2 cases

Spear v. Metro. Washington Airports Auth., 78 Va. Cir. 456 (Loudoun Cir. Ct. 2009).

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