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Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 4×
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G Cite
cited 4× by 4 distinct cases, last quoted 2005 · 2 courts ·
…generally, more than a temporal connection between the protected conduct and the adverse employment action is required to present a genuine factual issue on retaliation.
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Topic ↗
Treatment trajectory · 1999 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1999
2012
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 44 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
Baker v. John Morrell & Co.
(2×)
also: Cited "see"
generally, more than a temporal connection between the protected conduct and the adverse employment action is required to present a genuine factual issue on retaliation.
discussed
Cited "but see"
Hanna v. Boys & Girls Home & Family Services, Inc.
(2×)
also: Cited "see"
generally, more than a temporal connection between the protected conduct and the adverse employment action is required to present a genuine factual issue on retaliation.
discussed
Cited "but see"
Fulop v. Malev Hungarian Airlines
But cf. Pittman v. Grayson, 869 F.Supp. 1065, 1070 (S.D.N.Y.1994), aff'd, 149 F.3d 111 (2d Cir.1998), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 , 145 L.Ed.2d 51 (1999) (finding no accident, because the events did not constitute risks inherent in air travel, even though plaintiff alleged that airline personnel had assisted in smuggling and transporting a passenger on a flight out of the country in violation of a court order); Curley, 846 F.Supp. 280 (no accident even where plaintiff claimed that the flight captain falsely identified him to Mexican police officials as having smoked marijuana whi…
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Tatum v. City Of Berkeley
generally, more than a temporal connection between the protected conduct and the adverse employment action is required to present a genuine factual issue on retaliation.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Terry Tatum v. City of Berkeley
generally, more than a temporal connection between the protected conduct and the adverse employment action is required to present a genuine factual issue on retaliation.
cited
Cited "see"
Kosmicki v. Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co.
See Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1135 (8th Cir.1999) (en banc), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 , 145 L.Ed.2d 51 (1999).
discussed
Cited "see"
Daniel Kosmicki v. BNSF Railway Co.
(2×)
See Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1135 (8th Cir. 1999) (en banc), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 (1999).
cited
Cited "see"
Hazel L. Wilson v. Steve Northcutt, Individually and in His Official Capacity as Mayor of the City of Malvern, Arkansas, City of Malvern, Arkansas
See Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1136 (8th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 , 145 L.Ed.2d 51 (1999).
cited
Cited "see"
Hazel L. Wilson v. City of Malvern etc.
See Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1136 (8th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 (1999).
discussed
Cited "see"
Nelson v. Long Lines Ltd.
However, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that, “[although summary judgment should be used spar *956 ingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” Landon v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 11…
discussed
Cited "see"
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Wyeth
However, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that, “[although summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” Landon v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 11…
cited
Cited "see"
Shepard v. Wapello County
See Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1137 (8th Cir.) (Heaney, J., dissenting and citing cases), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 , 145 L.Ed.2d 51 (1999).
discussed
Cited "see"
Gaston v. the Restaurant Co.
Nevertheless, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that “[although summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” Landon v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1134 (8th Cir.1999) (en banc) (observing that the bur…
discussed
Cited "see"
Inglis v. Buena Vista University
Nevertheless, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that “[although summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” Landon v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131…
discussed
Cited "see"
Weiland v. El Kram, Inc.
Nevertheless, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that “[ajlthough summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” Landon v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1134 (8th Cir.1999) (observing that the burden-shift…
discussed
Cited "see"
Martinez v. Cole Sewell Corp.
However, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that, “[ajlthough summary judgnent should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” Landon v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 *1111 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1…
discussed
Cited "see"
Barnes v. Northwest Iowa Health Center
Nevertheless, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that “[although summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” Landon v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131…
discussed
Cited "see"
Dose v. Buena Vista University
However, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that, “[although summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” Landon v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 11…
discussed
Cited "see"
Wensel v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance
Nevertheless, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that “[ajlthough summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” Landon v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 113…
discussed
Cited "see"
Peda v. American Home Products Corp.
Nevertheless, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that “[although summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” Landon v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131…
discussed
Cited "see"
Nava v. Titan Wheel Corp. of Wisconsin
Nevertheless, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals has also observed that “[although summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” Landon v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Arti-ficials, Inc., 169 F.3d…
discussed
Cited "see"
Erickson-Puttmann v. Gill
F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1134 (8th Cir.) (observing that the burden-shifting framework of McDonnell Douglas must be used to determine whether summary judgment is appropriate), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 , 145 L.Ed.2d 51 (1999).
cited
Cited "see"
Paula A. Kipp, Appellee/cross-Appellant v. Missouri Highway and Transportation Commission, Appellant/cross-Appellee
See Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1136 (8th Cir.1999), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 , 145 L.Ed.2d 51 (1999).
cited
Cited "see"
Paula A. Kipp v. MO Highway and
See Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131 , -3- 1136 (8th Cir. 1999), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 (1999).
discussed
Cited "see"
Michaelson v. Waitt Broadcasting, Inc.
However, not long ago, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that, “[a]lthough summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” London v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 16…
discussed
Cited "see"
Smith v. Eaton Corp.
However, not long ago, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that, “[although summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” London v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169…
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Mayfield
See United States v. Cantu, 167 F.3d 198, 204 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 (1999).
discussed
Cited "see"
Brown v. Farmland Foods, Inc.
Nevertheless, not long ago, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that “[ajlthough summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the' establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” Landon v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials Inc.…
discussed
Cited "see"
Hennick v. Schwans Sales Enterprises, Inc.
However, not long ago, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that, *945 “[although summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” London v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc.…
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Mayes
See United States v. Cantu, 167 F.3d 198, 203 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 (1999); United States v. Preston, 608 F.2d 626, 639 (5th Cir. 1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
Dennis J. Pickens v. Soo Line Railroad Company, Doing Business as C.P. Rail Systems
(2×)
See Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1135 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 (1999).
cited
Cited "see"
Dennis J. Pickens v. Soo Line RR Co.
See Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1135 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 (1999).
discussed
Cited "see"
Kalskett v. Larson Manufacturing Co. of Iowa, Inc.
However, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals has also observed that, “[a]l-though summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford, 37 F.3d at 1341 , the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” London v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1134 (8th Cir.1999) (ob…
discussed
Cited "see"
Richards v. Farner-Bocken Co.
However, not long ago, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals also observed that, “[although summary judgment should be used sparingly in the context of employment discrimination cases, Crawford v. Runyon, 37 F.3d 1338, 1341 (8th Cir.1994), the plaintiffs evidence must go beyond the establishment of a prima facie case to support a reasonable inference regarding the alleged illicit reason for the defendant’s action.” Landon v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 72 F.3d 620, 624 (8th Cir.1995) (citing Reich v. Hoy Shoe Co., 32 F.3d 361, 365 (8th Cir.1994)); accord Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169…
discussed
Cited "see"
Johnnie's Homes, Inc. v. Holt
(2×)
See Gary , citing Ex parte McNaughton , 728 So.2d 592 (Ala. 1998), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 , 145 L.Ed.2d 52 (1999); Ex parte Napier , 723 So.2d 49 (Ala. 1998); Ex parte Parker , 730 So.2d 168 (Ala. 1999); and Green Tree Fin.
cited
Cited "see"
Ann Bogren v. State of MN
See Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1136 (8th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 , 145 L.Ed.2d 51 (1999).
discussed
Cited "see"
Michael Sherman v. Marvin T. Runyon, Jr., in His Official Capacity as Postmaster General of the United States Postal Service
See Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc., 169 F.3d 1131, 1134-35 (8th Cir.1999) (discriminatory discharge under the Americans with Disabilities Act), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 , 145 L.Ed.2d 51 (1999); Wentz v. Maryland Casualty Co., 869 F.2d 1153, 1154-55 (8th Cir.1989) (retaliation under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act).
discussed
Cited "see"
Southern Energy Homes, Inc. v. Gary
(2×)
See Ex parte McNaughton , 728 So.2d 592 (Ala. 1998), cert. denied , 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 (1999); Napier , supra; Ex parte Parker , 730 So.2d 168 (Ala. 1999); and Green Tree Fin.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Rodriguez
(2×)
See United States v. Cantu, 167 F.3d 198, 202 (5th Cir.), cert, denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 58 , 145 L.Ed.2d 50 (1999).
cited
Cited "see"
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. ELVIRA AVALOS
See United States v. Cantu, 167 F.3d 198, 202 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 120 S. Ct. 58 (1999); Saenz, 134 F.3d at 708 .
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Roden v. State
Gayler v. State, 957 P.2d 855, 858 (Wyo.1998); see also Espinoza v. State, 969 P.2d 542, 546 (Wyo.1998), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 , 145 L.Ed.2d 52 (1999).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Lawrence v. State
Gayler v. State, 957 P.2d 855, 858 (Wyo.1998); see also Espinoza v. State, 969 P.2d 542, 546 (Wyo.1998), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 , 145 L.Ed.2d 52 (1999).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
White v. State
Gayler v. State, 957 P.2d 855, 858 (Wyo.1998); see also Espinoza v. State, 969 P.2d 542, 546 (Wyo.1998), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 , 145 L.Ed.2d 52 (1999).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Evans v. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Corp., 850 F.2d 996, 1002-03 (3d Cir.1988) (excluding statement that "they wanted a younger person” as inadmissible hearsay because declarants were unidentified, under circumstances indicating that "they” were company officials with promotion/hiring authority); see, e.g., Pittman by Pittman v. Grayson, 149 F.3d 111, 124 (2d Cir.1998) (statement of airline stewardess about "a story that [she had] heard” not admissible because source of statement unidentified), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 818 , 120 S.Ct. 59 , 145 L.Ed.2d 51 (1999); Vazquez v. Lopez-Rosario, 134 F.3d 28, 34 (1st Cir.1998) (unatt…
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Braun
v.
Bureau of State Audits
v.
Bureau of State Audits
No. 98-1927.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 4, 1999.
Published
Citer courts: Eighth Circuit (2) · N.D. Iowa (2)
Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certiorari denied.