Upshaw v. S. Wholesale Flooring Co., 398 S.E.2d 749 (Ga. Ct. App. 1990). · Go Syfert
Upshaw v. S. Wholesale Flooring Co., 398 S.E.2d 749 (Ga. Ct. App. 1990). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
53 citation events (47 in the last 25 years) across 3 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: TalentQuest, LLC v. Immersive Healthcare Technologies, Inc. (gand, 2021-10-15)
Treatment trajectory · 1992 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1992 2009 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 17 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) TalentQuest, LLC v. Immersive Healthcare Technologies, Inc.
N.D. Ga. · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the complaint and the attachments thereto gave sufficient notice to of intent to collect attorney's fees.
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) ND Properties v. Buckhead Life Restaurant Group, Inc. (2×) also: Cited as authority (quoted)
11th Cir. · 2016 · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence high
the complaint and the attachments thereto gave sufficient notice to appellant of appellee's intent, to collect attorney's fees.
examined Cited as authority (quoted) FAS Capital, LLC v. Carr (2×)
N.D. Ga. · 2014 · signal: see · quote attribution · 2 verbatim quotes · confidence high
he complaint and the attachments thereto gave sufficient notice to of intent to collect attorney's fees
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lockwood v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2015 · confidence medium
This opportunity is given by notification to a debtor that he will have 10 days from the receipt of notice in order to pay principal and interest, thus avoiding liability for attorney fees.” (emphasis supplied)). 7 See Long v. Hogan, 289 Ga. App. 347, 347 ( 656 SE2d 868 ) (2008) (noting that the “complaint gave the ten-day notice required by OCGA § 13-1-11 (a) (3)”); Upshaw v. S. Wholesale Flooring Co., 197 Ga. App. 511, 513 (4) ( 398 SE2d 749 ) (1990) (holding that notice in complaint was sufficient to satisfy OCGA § 13-1-11); Shier v. Price, 152 Ga. App. 593, 595 (2) ( 263 SE2d 466 )…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) David Owens Md, P.C. v. Citrus Tower Boulevard Imaging Center, LLC
Ga. Ct. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
To be sure, this Court has previously suggested in dicta that a corporate guarantee of corporate debt is all but meaningless, and that this fact might serve as an additional justification for imposing personal liability on a signatory to a guaranty.26 But any inquiry into the “meaninglessness” of a corporate guaranty of corporate debt is entirely inappropriate, and indeed runs contrary to our charge to strictly construe guaranties, when a guarantor has—as in this case—explicitly signed the guaranty in any injury results from their own conduct.”) (punctuation omitted); OCGA § 23-2-29…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Citrus Tower Boulevard Imaging Center, LLC v. Owens
Ga. Ct. App. · 2013 · confidence medium
See Keane v.Annice Heygood Trevitt Support Trust, 285 Ga.App. 155, 158 (645SE2d641) (2007) (noting in dicta that “if the obligation was limited to Keane in his corporate capacity, the guaranty would have been rendered meaningless as the corporation was already obligated on the debt”); Kirves v. Juno Indus., 226 Ga. App. 508, 509 ( 487 SE2d 31 ) (1997) (holding that “the contract is unambiguous” and explicitly contained language personally guaranteeing the corporate debt, and noting in dicta that “[a]ny other construction of the ‘Letter of Guarantee’... would be meaningless”); U…
examined Cited as authority (rule) John Grot v. Capital One Bank (3×) also: Cited "see"
Ga. Ct. App. · 2012 · confidence medium
Except as specifically stated herein, each of you is individually and jointly obligated under this Agreement.” (Emphasis supplied.) The cardholder agreement further stated that “You promise to pay . . . and are liable for all amounts due resulting from the authorized use of your card or account, including any finance charges or other charges due under the terms of this Agreement.” To the extent that Grot signed the offer agreement, whether in his personal or corporate capacity, he agreed to be individually and jointly liable for the debt under the cardholder agreement.9 See Upshaw, supra…
examined Cited as authority (rule) Grot v. Capital One Bank (USA), N. A. (3×) also: Cited "see"
Ga. Ct. App. · 2012 · confidence medium
(Emphasis supplied.) The cardholder agreement further stated that “You promise to pay . . . and are liable for all amounts due resulting from the authorized use of your card or account, including any finance charges or other charges due under the terms of this Agreement.” To the extent that Grot signed the offer agreement, whether in his personal or corporate capacity, he agreed to be individually and jointly liable for the debt under the cardholder agreement. 9 See Upshaw, supra, 197 Ga. App. at 513 (3) (“Even though one is acting in the capacity of agent and for the sole benefit of his…
examined Cited as authority (rule) Elwell v. Keefe (3×) also: Cited "see"
Ga. Ct. App. · 2011 · confidence medium
See Kirves, 226 Ga. App. at 509 ; Upshaw, 197 Ga. App. at 513 (3). 276 Ga. App. 350 ( 623 SE2d 208 ) (2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Core LaVista, LLC v. Cumming
Ga. Ct. App. · 2011 · confidence medium
Subsequent to this purported default, the parties executed the “Modification to Promissory Note,” which extended the maturity date of the note to February 28, 2009. 21 The referenced security deed is not in the appellate record. 22 (Emphasis supplied.) 23 OCGA § 13-1-11 (a) (3). 24 See, e.g., Miller v. Roberts, 9 Ga. App. 511, 515 ( 71 SE 927 ) (1911) (agreement in original debt to waive the statutory notice was void as against public policy). 25 See Strickland v. Williams, 215 Ga. 175, 178 (2) ( 109 SE2d 761 ) (1959) (“Under a contract to pay attorney’s fees if the note or other obli…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Long v. Hogan
Ga. Ct. App. · 2008 · confidence medium
Corp., 226 Ga. App. 459 (1) ( 486 SE2d 684 ) (1997). 2 Upshaw v. Southern Wholesale Flooring Co., 197 Ga.App. 511, 513-514 (4) ( 398 SE2d 749 ) (1990). 3 Based on our holding in Division 2 below that attorney fees should he limited to $575.91 of the $5,195.40 actually incurred in bringing the present action, it is unnecessary in this case to discuss the propriety of awarding any of this separate $5,000 amount representing the fees Hogan paid to the landowner in the foreclosure action. 4 Wachovia Bank Savannah v. Kitchen, 272 Ga. App. 601, 603 (1) ( 612 SE2d 885 ) (2005). 5 Ahmad, v. Excell Pet…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Keane v. Annice Heygood Trevitt Support Trust
Ga. Ct. App. · 2007 · confidence medium
Bank FSB, 250 Ga. App. 350, 352 (2) ( 553 SE2d 162 ) (2001). 8 See id. 9 See Brown v. McGriff, 256 Ga. App. 44, 46 (1) ( 567 SE2d 374 ) (2002) (After the Trust moved for summary judgment, “[t]he burden then shifted to [Keane] to come forward with evidence supporting a defense preventing the grant of summary judgment.”). 10 SeeKirves v. Juno Indus., 226 Ga. App. 508 ( 487 SE2d 31 ) (1997). 11 See Upshaw v. Southern Wholesale Flooring Co., 197 Ga. App. 511, 513 (3) ( 398 SE2d 749 ) (1990). 12 Although contracts may be signed by one acting in a representative capacity, a shareholder is not a …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Groth v. Ace Cash Express, Inc.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2005 · confidence medium
Bank, 149 Ga. App. 577, 578 ( 254 SE2d 897 ) (1979) (partner may bind partnership by execution of contract). 6 See Upshaw v. Southern Wholesale Flooring Co., 197 Ga. App. 511, 513 (3) ( 398 SE2d 749 ) (1990); Winburn v. McGuire Investment Group, #17, 220 Ga. App. 384, 385-386 (1) ( 469 SE2d 477 ) (1996); Rockwell Intl.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) McCorvey Grading & Pipeline, Inc. v. Blalock Oil Co.
Ga. Ct. App. · 2004 · confidence medium
Eldridge and Adams, JJ., concur. 1 See OCGA§ 10-7-1. 2 (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Upshaw v. Southern Wholesale Flooring Co., 197 Ga. App. 511, 514 (5) ( 398 SE2d 749 ) (1990). 3 See id.; Escambia Chem.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Trust Co. Bank of Middle Georgia, N. A. v. Stubbs
Ga. Ct. App. · 1992 · confidence medium
Furthermore, the parol evidence rule, which prohibits the admission of parol contemporaneous evidence to vary or contradict the terms of a valid written instrument, forbids consideration of Dr. Jones’ letter dated September 19, 1985, transmitting inter alia the Owners Consent to Pledge of Collateral. “[P]arol evidence is neither admissible nor probative if the agreement is otherwise clear and unambiguous. [Cit.]” Dennisson v. Lakeway Publishers, 196 Ga. App. 85, 86 (2) ( 395 SE2d 366 ) (1990); Upshaw v. Southern Wholesale Flooring Co., 197 Ga. App. 511, 513 (2) ( 398 SE2d 749 ) (1990).
examined Cited "see" Stillwater Enterprises, Inc. v. Hanson Pipe & Precast, LLC (4×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Ga. Ct. App. · 2013 · signal: see · confidence high
See Upshaw, 197 Ga. App. at 512 (2) (where the stated consideration for guaranty was the extension of credit, guaranty could be accepted by the actual extension of credit and notice of acceptance was not required); Ferguson, 93 Ga. App. 622 (7); Wehle, 97 Ga. App. at 113 ; Sheffield, 6 Ga. App. at 765 .
examined Cited "see" Stillwater Enterprises, Inc. v. Hanson Pipe & Precast, LLC (4×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
Ga. Ct. App. · 2013 · signal: see · confidence high
See Upshaw, 197 Ga. App. at 512 (2) (where the stated consideration for guaranty was the extension of credit, guaranty could be accepted by the actual extension of credit and notice of acceptance was not required); Ferguson, 93 Ga. App. at 623 (7); Wehle, 97 Ga. App. at 113 ; Sheffield, 6 Ga. App. at 765 .
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Upshaw
v.
Southern Wholesale Flooring Company
A90A1383.
Court of Appeals of Georgia.
Oct 17, 1990.
398 S.E.2d 749
Mundy & Gammage, John M. Strain, for appellant., Bryant, Davis & Cowden, James W. Hays, for appellee.
Carley, McMurray, Sognier.
Cited by 19 opinions  |  Published
2 passages pin-cited by 2 cases
Pinpoint authority: bottom 76%
Citer courts: N.D. Georgia (2) · Eleventh Circuit (1)
Carley, Chief Judge.

Appellee-plaintiff brought this action, seeking to recover against Alpha Atlanta Floor, Inc. (Alpha) on an account and against appellant-defendant on her guaranty thereof. Appellant filed a timely answer but Alpha did not. The claim being liquidated, a default judgment was entered against Alpha and the case against appellant proceeded to trial. At the close of the evidence, cross-motions for directed verdict were made. The trial court granted appellee’s motion and denied appellant’s motion. Appellant appeals from the resulting judgment that was entered in appellee’s favor.

1. One of the grounds of appellant’s motion for directed verdict was appellee’s purported failure to prove venue and personal jurisdiction. Appellant enumerates this ruling as error.

In the first instance, the defenses of improper venue and lack of personal jurisdiction are properly raised by a motion to dismiss pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-12, not by a motion for directed verdict pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-50. In the second instance, personal jurisdiction and venue were proper in DeKalb County as to appellant because they were proper in that county as to Alpha. “ ‘The only time the defense of lack of jurisdiction over the person of the nonresident (defendant) because of (his) nonresidency would be valid ... is in the event of a judgment in favor of the resident joint defendant. . . . (Cit.)’ [Cit.]” Taylor v. Career Concepts, 184 Ga. App. 551, 552 (1) (362 SE2d 128) (1987). In the instant case, there was no judgment in favor of Alpha. A default judgment had been entered against Alpha. “[T]he case being in default as to [the resident defendant], a verdict against both the resident and nonresident defendant was authorized.” Woods v. Universal C.I.T. Credit Corp., 110 Ga. App. 394, 397 (8) (138 SE2d 593) (1964). See also Smith v. Ross, 168 Ga. App. 817, 818 (310 SE2d 567) (1983).

Appellant’s reliance upon Woods v. Long Mfg., N.C., 150 Ga. App. 499 (258 SE2d 592) (1979) is misplaced. Since that case did not involve a liquidated claim, a default judgment against the resident defendant was properly entered only as to liability and “the jury found the resident defendant, although in default [as to liability], to be not liable for money damages.” Woods v. Long Mfg., N.C., supra at 501. “Because no damages were assessed against [the resident defendant in Woods], he was absolved from any liability in th[at] case. This[*512] amounted] to a verdict in his favor ([cit.]). . . .” O’Neill v. Western Mtg. Corp. of Ga., 153 Ga. App. 151, 152 (264 SE2d 691) (1980). In contrast, the instant case did involve a liquidated claim and a default judgment against Alpha was properly entered as to both liability and damages. Thus, damages were assessed against Alpha and it was not absolved from any liability in this case.

2. The guaranty upon which appellant’s liability is premised reads as follows: “For value received and in consideration of [appellee] extending credit to and selling goods to [Alpha] the undersigned hereby unconditionally guarantees payment of any sum(s) of money as may now be due or may hereafter become due from [Alpha] to [appellee], including 15% attorneys fee if it becomes necessary to enforce this guaranty of payment filed through an attorney at law.” Appellant enumerates as error the trial court’s denial of her motion for directed verdict on the ground that the evidence conclusively established that she had never received notice of appellee’s acceptance of this guaranty.

“In determining whether an offer to become a guarantor must be accepted by notice or by the extension of credit, it is only necessary to look to its terms. In the present case, the language of the offer plainly contemplates that it should be accepted by the actual [extension of credit and sale] of the goods [to Alpha], and not by a notice that the guarantors had been accepted [by appellee] and that [credit would be extended and] the goods would be [sold to Alpha]. The offer contemplated the formation of a contract in which an act should be given in exchange for a promise; that the act should be both the acceptance of the offer and the consideration for the promise. ... In the case of Sanders v. Etcherson, 36 Ga. [404, 405 (5) (1867)], the exact point now under discussion was decided, and it was held that where an offer to become a guarantor contemplated acceptance by the actual extension of credit, it was not necessary for the creditor to notify the guarantor of his intention to extend credit. It was ruled that the act of extending credit was the consideration which converted the offer into a binding promise.” Sheffield v. Whitfield, 6 Ga. App. 762, 764-65 (2) (65 SE 807) (1909). See also Ferguson v. Atlanta Newspapers, 93 Ga. App. 622, 623 (7) (92 SE2d 321) (1956). “[A]s stated in the Sanders case, supra, ... ‘I guaranty the payment of any goods which A.B. delivers to C.D.’ is a present guaranty, although the delivery of the goods is in the future, and ‘the party to whom it is given may act upon it without further communication.’ ” Wehle v. Baker, 97 Ga. App. 111, 113 (1c) (102 SE2d 661) (1958).

Thus, the absolute present guaranty that was given to appellee, as the creditor, by appellant, as an officer of the debtor corporation, is entirely distinguishable from the general letter of credit that was at issue in Brown Grocery Co. v. Planters Bank of Americus, 18 Ga.[*513] App. 429 (89 SE 523) (1916). It follows that the trial court correctly denied appellant’s motion for directed verdict because notice of appellee’s acceptance of the guaranty was not necessary.

3. Appellant enumerates as error the trial court’s grant of appellee’s motion for directed verdict, urging that a jury issue remained as to whether she had signed solely in her corporate capacity as Alpha’s agent rather than in her individual capacity as a personal guarantor of Alpha’s indebtedness.

In this regard, appellant relies upon her own testimony that she had not signed the guaranty in her individual capacity so as to guarantee the corporate debt. “However, parol evidence is neither admissible nor probative if the agreement is otherwise clear and unambiguous.” Dennisson v. Lakeway Publishers, 196 Ga. App. 85, 86 (2) (395 SE2d 366) (1990). Although appellant also relies upon her placement of the abbreviation “Sec.” immediately after her signature, such an abbreviation is a mere word of description and the obligation incurred by appellant is personal. Morris v. Reed, 14 Ga. App. 729 (1) (82 SE 314) (1914). See also OCGA § 10-6-86. Moreover, if appellant’s signature were held to have been made in her corporate capacity, the language of guaranty would be rendered meaningless. See Board of Regents &c. of Ga. v. A. B. & E., Inc., 182 Ga. App. 671, 675 (357 SE2d 100) (1987).

“ ‘An agent may, by personal contract, guarantee performance by the principal.’ [Cit.]” Hagan v. Asa G. Candler, Inc., 59 Ga. App. 587, 589 (1) (1 SE2d 693) (1939), aff’d 189 Ga. 250 (5 SE2d 739) (1939). “ ‘[E]ven though [one is] acting in the capacity of agent and for the sole benefit of his principal, he may nevertheless by express undertaking bind himself personally. [Cits.]’ [Cit.]” Davis v. Menefee, 34 Ga. App. 813, 814 (1) (131 SE 527) (1926). “The language employed in the credit application [showed] a written promise by the individual defendant to be responsible for credit extended by plaintiff to the corporate defendant. [Cits.]” Seay’s Home Furnishings v. Dozier Home Bldrs., 176 Ga. App. 660, 661 (337 SE2d 440) (1985). “On the face of the document, appellant unambiguously signed in her individual capacity and not in her representative capacity. . . . Accordingly, appellant is personally liable as the guarantor of [Alpha’s] indebtedness to appellee. That [Alpha] was itself not a signatory to this particular document does not compel a different conclusion. [Cit.]” Dennisson v. Lakeway Publishers, supra at 86 (2).

4. Appellant enumerates as error the trial court’s direction of the verdicts as to attorney’s fees, urging that appellee did not prove that it had given her the statutory notice mandated by OCGA § 13-1-11 (a) (3).

The complaint and the attachments thereto gave sufficient notice to appellant of appellee’s intent to collect attorney’s fees. “[W]here a[*514] pleading, setting up a claim on a note or other evidence of indebtedness which authorizes recovery of attorney[’s] fees, alleges . . . that notice is thereby given, and the [attached] notice otherwise conforms to the requirements of [OCGA § 13-1-11 (a) (3)], such notice is sufficient to authorize an award of attorney[’s] fees.” New House Prods., Inc. v. Commercial Plastics &c. Corp., 141 Ga. App. 199, 200-201 (3) (233 SE2d 45) (1977). “[A] literal compliance with the language of the statute is not required!;] only a substantial compliance is demanded. [Cit.]” Carlos v. Murphy Warehouse Co., 166 Ga. App. 406, 408 (2) (304 SE2d 439) (1983). See also General Elec. Credit Corp. v. Brooks, 242 Ga. 109, 118 (249 SE2d 596) (1978).

Decided October 17, 1990 Rehearing denied November 7, 1990 Mundy & Gammage, John M. Strain, for appellant. Bryant, Davis & Cowden, James W. Hays, for appellee.

5. Contrary to appellant’s assertions on appeal, a verdict was not directed against her and in favor of appellee simply because a default judgment had been entered against Alpha. The instant case was tried on the merits (see Fred Chenoweth Equip. Co. v. Oculus Corp., 254 Ga. 321 (328 SE2d 539) (1985)) and the verdicts were directed because appellee met its burden of proof but appellant did not. “[A] guarantor is not conclusively bound by a judgment or amount admitted due by his principal. [Cit.] Such amount is only prima facie evidence of liability to the creditor. [Cit.] But, where such evidence has been introduced, as in the instant case, it does establish prima facie the liability of the guarantor and the burden shifts to the guarantor to rebut the correctness of the amount. [Cit.] [Appellant] did not attempt to meet [her] burden and no evidence was presented to support [her] contention. . . .” Peterson v. Midas Realty Corp., 160 Ga. App. 333, 334 (287 SE2d 61) (1981).

Judgment affirmed.

McMurray, P. J., and Sognier, J., concur.