Travellers Int'l Ag. v. Sue L. Robinson, United States Dist. Judge Trans World Airlines, Inc. Off. Unsecured Creditors' Comm., 982 F.2d 96 (3rd Cir. 1992). · Go Syfert
Travellers Int'l Ag. v. Sue L. Robinson, United States Dist. Judge Trans World Airlines, Inc. Off. Unsecured Creditors' Comm., 982 F.2d 96 (3rd Cir. 1992). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“the supreme court's holdings in granfinanciera and langenkamp leave no doubt that the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court is exclusive when its jurisdiction has been invoked by the filing of a claim.”
87 citation events (53 in the last 25 years) across 21 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Irving H. Picard v. Bam L.P. (nysd, 2020-02-26)
Treatment trajectory · 1993 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1993 2009 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 43 distinct citers. How cited ↗
examined Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Irving H. Picard v. Bam L.P. (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
S.D.N.Y. · 2020 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
the supreme court's holdings in granfinanciera and langenkamp leave no doubt that the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court is exclusive when its jurisdiction has been invoked by the filing of a claim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) BAK ADVISORS, LLC v. SAX LLP
D.N.J. · 2023 · confidence medium
Apr. 23, 2007) (finding motion to withdraw reference not ripe for consideration where bankruptcy court had not determined whether proceeding was core or non-core); see also In re Montgomery Ward & Co., Inc., 428 F.3d 154, 159-60 (3d Cir. 2005) (referencing with approval district court’s decision to allow bankruptcy court, in first instance, to determine if matter was core or non-core); Travellers Int’l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 97-98 (3d Cir. 1992) (commenting approvingly on district court’s procedure of submitting core/non-core question to bankruptcy court for determination before di…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Hawkes v. Automated Recovery Systems Of New Mexico, INC. a N
Bankr. D.N.M. · 2023 · confidence medium
AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 99 (3rd Cir. 1992) (filing a “contingent” proof of claim does not preserve jury trial right); In re Hooker Investments, Inc., 937 F2d 833, 838-39 (2d Cir. 1991) (overruling a creditor’s argument that the bar date should be extended to preserve its jury trial right in a preference action); In re Dana Corp., 379 B.R. 449, 463 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) (creditor may not file a proof of claim under protest to avoid losing rights in bankruptcy); In re Asousa Partnership, 276 B.R. 55, 67-68 (Bankr.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Rental Car Intermediate Holdings, LLC
Bankr. D. Del. · 2022 · confidence medium
The Group 4 FPR Claimants did not file their proofs of claim until after the January 4 hearing at which the Court directed them to do so in order to give the Court the information necessary to determine if those FPR Claimants were known creditors.109 The Court did so at of bankruptcy proceedings generally”). 108 See Langenkamp v. Culp, 498 U.S. 42, 44 (1990) (concluding that by filing a claim a creditor submitted to the bankruptcy court’s jurisdiction and waived its right to a jury trial); Travelers Int’l AG. v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 98 (3d Cir. 1992) (same). 109 D.I. 251, at *27:22-28:…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Irving H. Picard v. James Greiff
S.D.N.Y. · 2020 · confidence medium
Ass’n v. Verizon Commc’ns, Inc., 761 F.3d 409 , 420 n.5 (5th Cir. 2014) (concluding that, even without the bankruptcy court’s express order permitting creditor to re- open a previously resolved proof of claim, it was clear that resolution of the proof of claim “would have required the resolution of the . . . fraudulent transfer claim”); SNA Nut Co. v. Haagen-Dazs Co., Inc., 302 F.3d 725, 730 (7th Cir. 2002) (noting that “nothing in [the relevant Supreme Court precedent] suggests that it makes any difference whether the filing of the adversary proceeding precede[d] or follow[ed] the…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Schmidt v. AAF Players, LLC
Bankr. W.D. Tex. · 2020 · confidence medium
Travellers Int’l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 100 (3d Cir. 1992); see also Matter of Peachtree Lane Assoc., Ltd., 150 F.3d 788, 799 (7th Cir. 1998) (finding that adversary defendants designating that counterclaims as “conditional” did not preserve their right to a jury trial).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Zinnerman v. Taylor-Wharton Cryogenics, LLC
S.D. Ala. · 2017 · confidence medium
Ga. Jul. 25, 2000) (citing Travellers Int'l AG. v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 100 (3rd Cir.1992)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kerr v. Cressaty Metals, Inc. (In Re Christou) (2×)
Bankr. N.D. Ga. · 2011 · confidence medium
“The Supreme Court’s holding in Granfi-nanciera and Langenkamp leave no doubt that the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court is exclusive when its jurisdiction has been invoked by the filing of a claim.” Travellers Int’l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 100 (3d Cir.1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re: Winstar Comm (2×) also: Cited "see"
3rd Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
See also Granfinanciera, S.A. v. Nordberg, 492 U.S. 33 , 59 n.14 (1989) (“[B]y submitting a claim against the bankruptcy estate, creditors subject themselves to the court’s equitable power to disallow those claims, even though the debtor’s opposing counterclaims are legal in nature and the Seventh Amendment would have entitled creditors to a jury trial had they not tendered claims against the estate.”); Billing v. Ravin, Greenberg & Zachin, P.A., 22 F.3d 1242 , 1250 (3d Cir. 1994) (“It is clear that a creditor who submits a proof of claim against the bankruptcy estate has no right to…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Schubert v. Lucent Technologies Inc. (2×) also: Cited "see"
3rd Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
See also Granfinanciera, S.A. v. Nordberg, 492 U.S. 33 , 59 n. 14, 109 S.Ct. 2782 , 106 L.Ed.2d 26 (1989) (“[B]y submitting a claim against the bankruptcy estate, creditors subject themselves to the court’s equitable power to disallow those claims, even though the debtor’s opposing counterclaims are legal in nature and the Seventh Amendment would have entitled creditors to a jury trial had they not tendered claims against the estate.”); Billing v. Ravin, Greenberg & Zackin, P.A, 22 F.3d 1242, 1250 (3d Cir.1994) (“It is clear that a creditor who submits a proof of claim against the ba…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Schubert v. Lucent Technologies Inc. (In Re Winstar Communications, Inc.)
3rd Cir. · 2009 · confidence medium
See also Granfinanciera, S.A. v. Nordberg, 492 U.S. 33 , 59 n. 14, 109 S.Ct. 2782 , 106 L.Ed.2d 26 (1989) (“[B]y submitting a claim against the bankruptcy estate, creditors subject themselves to the court’s equitable power to disallow those claims, even though the debtor’s opposing counterclaims are legal in nature and the Seventh Amendment would have entitled creditors to a jury trial had they not tendered claims against the estate.”); Billing v. Ravin, Greenberg & Zackin, P.A., 22 F.3d 1242, 1250 (3d Cir.1994) (“It is clear that a creditor who submits a proof of claim against the b…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re Exide Technologies
3rd Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
Our decision, however, was limited to “[t]he sole legal question ... [of] whether a contingent proof of claim filed against a bankrupt estate, arising from a judgment in favor of a creditor ..., subjects the creditor corporation to the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court.” Id. at 97 (emphasis added).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re: Exide Tech
3rd Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
Our decision, however, was limited to “[t]he sole legal question . . . [of] whether a contingent proof of claim filed against a bankrupt estate, arising from a judgment in favor of a creditor . . ., subjects the creditor corporation to the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court.” Id. at 97 (emphasis added).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Carroll v. Prosser
D.V.I. · 2008 · confidence medium
Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157 (b)(3), however, the determination whether a proceeding is core or non-core is made by the bankruptcy judge in the first instance. 3 See, e.g., Travellers Int’l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 97-98 (3d Cir. 1992) (noting that “the motion to withdraw was first submitted to the bankruptcy court to determine whether [the] adversary proceeding was a core or non-core proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C § 157(b)(3)”); Dailey v. First Peoples Bank, 16 B.R. 963, 968 (D.N.J. 1987) (“[T]he bankruptcy code supposes that determinations of what constitute core issues will be…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) EXDS, Inc. v. RK Electric, Inc. (In Re EXDS, Inc.) (2×)
Bankr. D. Del. · 2003 · confidence medium
Specifically, the Third Circuit found that “Langenkamp clearly holds that once a creditor files a claim against the bankruptcy estate, he loses his right to a jury trial in regard to an underlying preference action.” Id. at 99 (emphasis added).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Official Committee of Asbestos v. G-I Holdings, Inc. (In Re G-I Holdings, Inc.)
D.N.J. · 2003 · confidence medium
Capital Corp. v. Teo, 2001 WL 1715777 at *6 (D.N.J.2001); Travellers Int’l v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 97-98 (3rd Cir.1992); Dailey v. First Peoples Bank of New Jersey, 76 B.R. 963, 968-969 (D.N.J.1987); Hatzel & Buehler Inc. v. Central Hudson Gas & Elec.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Travellers International AG v. Trans World Airlines, Inc. (In Re Trans World Airlines, Inc.)
3rd Cir. · 1998 · confidence medium
Subsequently, TWA filed a complaint against Travellers in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, seeking a declaration that the $13.7 million deposit was *1347 a preferential- transfer which was voidable under 11 U.S.C. § 547 (b). 1 See Travellers Int’l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 97 (3d Cir.1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re Trans World Airlines, Incorporated
3rd Cir. · 1998 · confidence medium
Subsequently, TWA filed a complaint against Travellers in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, seeking a declaration that the $13.7 million deposit was a preferential transfer which was voidable under 11 U.S.C. § 547 (b). 1 See Travellers Int'l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 97 (3d Cir.1992).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Kamine/Besicorp Allegany, L.P. v. Rochester Gas & Electric Co. (In Re Kamine/Besicorp Allegany, L.P.)
Bankr. D.N.J. · 1997 · confidence medium
At the outset, this Court rejects counsel for the Debtor’s argument that the Third Circuit’s decision in Travellers International A.G. v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 100 (3d Cir.1992) is controlling here and stands for the broad proposition asserted by Debtor and GECC that the filing of a defensive proof of claim will always result in the invocation of a bankruptcy court’s equitable jurisdiction to adjudicate the claim and related counterclaim as a part of the claims allowance process. 12 Upon a detailed review of the Travellers’ decision, this Court accepts the argument of RG & E and finds…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) NDEP Corp. v. Handl-It, Inc. (In Re NDEP Corp.)
D. Del. · 1996 · confidence medium
In Travellers Int’l AG. v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 98 (3d Cir. 1992), cert, denied, 507 U.S. 1051 , 113 S.Ct. 1946 , 123 L.Ed.2d 651 (1993), the Third Circuit held that “by submitting a proof of claim to the debtor’s estate, Travellers effectively waived its right to a jury trial and submitted itself to the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court.” Travellers was a fairly straight-forward application of Langenkamp .
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Anders S. Billing Diann E. Billing v. Ravin, Greenberg & Zackin, P.A. Ravin, Greenberg & Marks, P.A. And Howard Greenberg, Defendants/third-Party v. Ross & Hardies Helen Davis Chaitman, Third-Party Ravin, Greenberg & Zackin, P.A. Ravin, Greenberg & Marks, P.A. And Howard S. Greenberg
3rd Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
Id. at 45 , 111 S.Ct. at 331 . 8 35 This circuit has relied on Langenkamp in holding that "the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court is exclusive when its jurisdiction has been invoked by the filing of a claim." Travellers Int'l AG. v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 100 (3d Cir.1992), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 113 S.Ct. 1946 , 123 L.Ed.2d 651 (1993).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Billing v. Ravin, Greenberg & Zackin, P.A.
3rd Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
Id. at 45 , 111 S.Ct. at 331 . 8 This circuit has relied on Langenkamp in holding that “the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court is exclusive when its jurisdiction has been invoked by the filing of a claim.” Travellers Int’l AG. v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 100 (3d Cir.1992), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 1946 , 123 L.Ed.2d 651 (1993).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) In Re Pasquariello
3rd Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
Co., 7 F.3d 349, 357 (3d Cir.1993) (denying writ of mandamus because it was not clear and indisputable that state claims were not preempted by ERISA); Sunbelt Corp. v. Noble, Denton & Assocs., Inc., 5 F.3d 28 , 30, 33 (3d Cir.1993) (granting writ because it was clear and indisputable that district court did not have the legal authority to transfer a case to a district where personal jurisdiction was lacking); Travellers Int'l AG. v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 98 (3d Cir.1992), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 113 S.Ct. 1946 , 123 L.Ed.2d 651 (1993) (denying writ of mandamus because it was not clear an…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Resolution Trust Corp. v. Pasquariello (In re Pasquariello)
3rd Cir. · 1994 · confidence medium
Co., 7 F.3d 349, 357 (3d Cir.1993) (denying writ of mandamus because it was not clear and indisputable that state claims were not preempted by ERISA); Sunbelt Corp. v. Noble, Denton & Assocs., Inc., 5 F.3d 28 , 30, 33 (3d Cir.1993) (granting writ because it was clear and indisputable that district court did not have the legal authority to transfer a case to a district where personal jurisdiction was lacking); Travellers Int’l AG. v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 98 (3d Cir.1992), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 1946 , 123 L.Ed.2d 651 (1993) (denying writ of mandamus because it was not clear and…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Shields v. Ciccone (In Re Lloyd Securities, Inc.)
Bankr. E.D. Pa. · 1993 · confidence medium
In the other decision, Travellers Int’l AG. v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 98-100 (3rd Cir.1992), cert. denied sub nom.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Prudential Insurance Co. of America v. United States Gypsum Co.
3rd Cir. · 1993 · confidence medium
Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 98 (3d Cir.1992). 4 The Supreme Court has recognized that it is ultimately within the sound discretion of the court of appeals to issue writs of mandamus in cases such as the one before us.
cited Cited "see" SNYDER v. BIROS
W.D. Pa. · 2024 · signal: see · confidence high
See Travellers Int'l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 98 (3d Cir. 1992).
cited Cited "see" Tribune Media Co v.
3rd Cir. · 2023 · signal: see · confidence high
See Travellers Int’l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 100 (3d Cir. 1992).3 Henke also raises several due process claims.
cited Cited "see" SNMP Research International, Inc. v. Nortel Networks, Inc. (In re Nortel Networks, Inc.)
D. Del. · 2015 · signal: see · confidence high
See Travellers Int’l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 98 (3d Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited "see" Roberds, Inc. v. Palliser Furniture
S.D. Ohio · 2003 · signal: see · confidence high
In re Peachtree Lane Assoc., Ltd., 150 F.3d at 799 ; see Travellers Int’l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 99-100 (3d Cir.1992), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 1051 , 113 S.Ct. 1946 , 123 L.Ed.2d 651 (1993) (creditor who has filed a contingent claim couched in “protective language” still “has submitted to the bankruptcy court’s equitable jurisdiction and waived any Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial.”).
discussed Cited "see" In the Matter of Peachtree Lane Associates, Limited, Debtor-Appellee (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
7th Cir. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Travellers Int’l, 982 F.2d at 99-100 (creditor who has filed a contingent claim couched in “protective language” still “has submitted to the bankruptcy court’s equitable jurisdiction and waived any Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial”).
discussed Cited "see" In Re Barrett Refining Corp.
Bankr. W.D. Okla. · 1998 · signal: see · confidence high
See Charles Tabb, The Law of Bankruptcy 249 (Foundation Press 1997) (citing Travellers International AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96 (3rd Cir.1992), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 1051 , 113 S.Ct. 1946 , 123 L.Ed.2d 651 (1993)).
discussed Cited "see" United States Lines, Inc. v. American Steamship Owners Mutual Protection & Indemnity Ass'n (In Re United States Lines, Inc.)
Bankr. S.D.N.Y. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Travellers Int’l AG. v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 98 , 100 n. 5 (3d Cir.1992), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 1946 , 123 L.Ed.2d 651 (1993) (holding that the filing of a claim waives the right to jury trial and an Article III judge.) We therefore have subject matter jurisdiction over the Trust’s action against the American Club.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Lori Chavez-Deremer, Secretary of Labor, U.S. Department of Labor v. DeAngelo Contracting Services, LLC, as Successor to DBI Services, LCC and DeAngelo Brothers, LLC, DBI Services, LLC, PNC Bank, N.A., and The DeAngelo Brothers LLC Group Benefit Plan
M.D. Penn. · 2026 · signal: see also · confidence medium
Media Co., 902 F.3d 384, 394 (3d Cir. 2018) (concluding that plaintiff “impliedly consented” to bankruptcy court’s jurisdiction after filing a proof of claim); see also Billing v. Ravin, Greenberg & Zackin, P.A., 22 F.3d 1242, 1249 (3d Cir. 1994) (noting that the Supreme Court recognizes “that by filing a proof of claim a creditor triggers the process of allowance and disallowance of claims, and thus submits itself to the bankruptcy court’s equitable jurisdiction.”) (citing Travellers Int’l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 100 (3d Cir. 1992).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Moreno-Cuevas v. Town Sports International, LLC
D. Del. · 2023 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See Granfinanciera, S.A., v. Nordberg, 492 U.S. 33, 58 (1989) (explaining that the filing of a proof of claim subjects the claimant to the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court); Langenkamp v. Culp, 498 U.S. 42, 44-45 (1990) (same); see also Travellers Int’l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 99-100 (3d Cir. 1992) (same).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." In Re Global Power Equipment Group Inc.
Bankr. D. Del. · 2009 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence medium
See, e.g., Travellers Int'l AG., v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 98 (3d Cir.1992) (“[B]y submitting a proof of claim to the debtor’s estate, Travellers effectively ... submitted itself to the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court.”).
cited Cited "see, e.g." In Re Chan
Bankr. E.D. Pa. · 2006 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Travellers International AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96 (3d Cir.1992) (filing of proof of claim is a waiver of the right to a jury trial). 4 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Logan v. Credit General Insurance Co. (In Re PRS Insurance Group, Inc.)
Bankr. D. Del. · 2005 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See also, Travellers Int’l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 100 (3d Cir.1992) (“[T]he equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court is exclusive when its jurisdiction has been invoked by the filing of a claim.”).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." G-I Holdings, Inc. v. Reliance Insurance (In Re G-I Holdings, Inc.)
Bankr. D.N.J. · 2002 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See also, 28 U.S.C. § 157 (d), Travellers Int’l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 97-98 (3d Cir.1992) (discussing bankruptcy court's determination of core/non-core in connection with a motion to withdraw the reference); Dailey v. First Peoples Bank of New Jersey, 76 B.R. 963, 968-969 (D.N.J.1987) (stating that bankruptcy code supposes the core/non-core determination will be made by the bankruptcy court). 3 .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." G-I Holdings, Inc. v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co. (In Re G-I Holdings, Inc.)
Bankr. D.N.J. · 2002 · signal: see also · confidence medium
See also, 28 U.S.C. § 157 (b)(3), Travellers Int'l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96, 97-98 (3d Cir.1992) (discussing bankruptcy court's determination of core/non-core in connection with a motion to withdraw the reference); Dailey v. First Peoples Bank of Jersey, 76 B.R. 963, 968-969 (D.N.J.1987) (stating that bankruptcy code supposes the core/non-core determination will be made by the bankruptcy court). 3 . (b)(1) Bankruptcy judges may hear and determine all cases under title 11 and all core proceedings arising under title 11, or arising in a case under title 11, referred under subsection (a) of t…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Treinish v. Glazer (In Re Glazer)
Bankr. N.D. Ohio · 2000 · signal: see also · confidence low
Langenkamp, 498 U.S. at 44 , 111 S.Ct. 330 , (quoting Granfinanciera, 492 U.S. at 58 , 109 S.Ct. 2782 ); see also Travellers Int’l AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96 , 100 n. 14 (3d Cir.1992) (rejecting attempt to distinguish Langenkamp on the same basis), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 1051 , 113 S.Ct. 1946 , 123 L.Ed.2d 651 (1993); In re Hooker Investments, Inc., L.J., 937 F.2d 833, 838-39 (2d Cir.1991) (rejecting argument that a defendant in the debtors’ adversary action should be entitled to delay filing a proof of claim until the resolution of the adversary action so as not to deprive the defendant …
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Tamposi v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (In Re Tamposi Family Investment Properties)
Bankr. D.N.H. · 1993 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Travellers International AG v. Robinson, 982 F.2d 96 (3d Cir.1992) (held, by filing a contingent proof of claim in the debtor's chapter 11 case, the creditor waived its Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial and constructively submitted itself to the Bankruptcy Court’s equitable jurisdiction).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
TRAVELLERS INTERNATIONAL AG., Petitioner,
v.
Sue L. ROBINSON, United States District Judge; Trans World Airlines, Inc.; Official Unsecured Creditors’ Committee, Respondents
92-7455.
Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
Dec 28, 1992.
982 F.2d 96
Richard A. Kirby (argued), Joseph 0. Click, Dyer, Ellis, Joseph & Mills, Washington, DC, for petitioner., William B.B. Smith (argued), Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue, Atlanta, GA, Kenneth J. Nachbar, Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell, Wilmington, DE, for respondent, Trans World Airlines, Inc., Laura Davis Jones, Robert S. Brady (argued), Young Conaway, Stargatt & Taylor, Wilmington, DE, James E. Spiotto, Chapman & Cutler, Chicago, IL, for respondent, Official Unsecured Creditors’ Committee.
Mansmann, Hutchinson, Garth.
Cited by 49 opinions  |  Published

OPINION OF THE COURT

GARTH, Circuit Judge:

Presently before the Court is the petition of Travellers International AG. (“Travel-lers”) for a writ of mandamus directing the[*97] district court to withdraw an adversary proceeding from the bankruptcy court for a jury trial in the district court. The sole legal question raised by the petition is whether a contingent proof of claim filed against a bankrupt estate, arising from a judgment in favor of a creditor (Travellers), subjects the creditor corporation to the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court, thereby waiving the creditor-claimant’s Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial. We will deny the writ.

I.

On October 22, 1991, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York entered judgment in the "amount of $12,336,127.00 against Transworld Airlines, Inc. (“TWA”) and in favor of Travel-lers for damages caused by TWA’s breach of contract. Travellers Int’l AG. v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., No. 88 Civ. 1484 (S.D.N.Y.), appeal pending, No. 91-9250 (2d Cir.) TWA deposited $13,693,101.42 in cash (the “Deposit”) with the clerk of court on November 4, 1991, obtaining a stay of execution of the judgment pending appeal. [1]

On January 31, 1992, eighty-eight days after the Deposit was made, TWA filed a petition for reorganization under Chapter 11 (11 U.S.C. §§ 101 et seq.). Subsequently, TWA filed a complaint against Travel-lers in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware seeking a declaration that the Deposit was a preferential transfer which was voidable under 11 U.S.C. §§ 547 and 550. Alternatively, TWA sought a declaration that the Deposit be turned over to TWA as property of the debtor’s estate under 11 U.S.C. § 543. Consistent with the relief requested, TWA also sought to enjoin Travellers from making claim to the Deposit.

Pursuant to its order of April 3,1992, the bankruptcy court issued a Notice of Bar Date for Filing Proofs of Claims providing that “[a]ny [creditor] of TWA whose claim is not listed or properly listed in [TWA’s schedule of liabilities] ... and who desires to participate in this case ... must file a proof of claim on or before the bar date [May 15, 1992].” (A16) Furthermore, the bar notice warned that any creditor which was required to file a claim, but which failed to do so, would be barred from participating in the distribution of the bankrupt estate. (A16) Under the order, and consistent with 11 U.S.C. § 101(5)(A), “claim” was defined as “any right to payment, whether or not such right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured or unsecured.” (A15) Travellers was served with this notice as well as a statement indicating that Travellers was not listed on TWA’s Schedule of Liabilities.

On May 14,1992, Travellers responded to the notice by filing a proof of claim which stated that the claim was secured by the Deposit and that it would become an unsecured nonpriority claim only if TWA were to prevail on appeal. In addition, in a footnote to the completed claim form, Trav-ellers provided, “Claimant does not, by filing this claim, waive its demand for jury trial in [TWA’s adversary proceeding].” (A19)

On July 15, 1992, Travellers filed a motion asking the district court to withdraw TWA’s adversary proceeding from the bankruptcy court arguing

(1) that it is entitled to a jury trial of the factual issues raised by TWA's complaint (and Travellers’ defenses) and that the bankruptcy court has no authority to preside over a jury trial, and (2) that even if Travellers were not entitled to a jury trial, the adversary proceeding involves wholly private rights that can be adjudicated only by an Article III court.

Travellers’ Brief at 7.

In accordance with the district court’s procedure, the motion to withdraw was first submitted to the bankruptcy court to determine whether TWA’s adversary proceeding was a core or non-core proceeding[*98] pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(3). [2] The bankruptcy court issued an order on July 31, 1992, holding that both the preference and turnover claims were core proceedings. Subsequently, by Memorandum Opinion and Order dated August 27, 1992, the district court denied Traveller’s motion to withdraw TWA’s adversary proceeding from the- bankruptcy court. Travellers now petitions this court to issue a writ of mandamus directing the district court to withdraw the reference from the bankruptcy court for a jury trial in the district court.

II.

Because of the undesirability of making a district court judge a litigant and the inefficiency of piecemeal appeals, issuance of a writ of mandamus is limited to extraordinary eases. In re School Asbestos Litigation, 977 F.2d 764, 772-73 (3d Cir.1992); In re Pruitt, 910 F.2d 1160, 1167 (3d Cir.1990). However, despite the general reluctance to grant writs of mandamus, we may do so provided that the petitioner demonstrates that it lacks adequate alternative means to obtain the relief sought and that the petitioner’s right to the issuance of a writ is clear and undisputable. Our cases have also emphasized that mandamus must not be used as a mere substitute for appeal. Westinghouse Electric Corp. v. Republic of the Philippines, 951 F.2d 1414, 1422 (3d Cir.1991); In re Pruitt, 910 F.2d at 1167. Moreover, it is in our discretion to determine whether the writ should issue. In re School Asbestos Litigation, 977 F.2d at 772-73. Additionally, we have recently “reiterate[d] our preference for an explanation in the petition for why an interlocutory appeal is not an adequate alternative. Where interlocutory appeal seems a practical but untried avenue, we will ordinarily deny a petition for mandamus.” Id. at 774.

III.

In the case at hand, we need not address the various qualifications discussed above which determine whether a writ of mandamus should issue or whether the interlocutory or final appeals processes would have provided Travellers with an adequate alternative means to obtain the relief it seeks. As we have noted, an essential requirement for the issuance of a writ is that the petition must show a clear and undisputable right to the writ. This Travellers cannot do.

Travellers is neither entitled to a jury trial nor is it entitled, in the alternative, to be heard by an Article III judge. Rather, by submitting a proof of claim to the debt- or’s estate, Travellers effectively waived its right to a jury trial and submitted itself to the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court. [3]

The recent Supreme Court case of Langenkamp v. Culp, 498 U.S. 42, 44, 111 S.Ct. 330, 331, 112 L.Ed.2d 343, 347-48 (1990) controls. Langenkamp relies upon the teachings of Granfinanciera S.A., v. Nordberg, 492 U.S. 33, 109 S.Ct. 2782, 106 L.Ed.2d 26 (1989), which “recognized that by filing a claim against a bankruptcy estate the creditor triggers the process of ‘allowance and disallowance of claims,’ thereby subjecting himself to the bankruptcy court’s equitable power.” Langenkamp v. Culp, 498 U.S. 42, 44, 111 S.Ct. 330, 331, 112 L.Ed.2d 343, 347-48 (1990). Langen-kamp clearly holds that once a creditor[*99] files a claim against the bankruptcy estate, he loses his right to a jury trial in regard to an underlying preference action:

If the creditor is met ... by a preference action from the trustee, that action becomes part of the claims-allowance process which is triable only in equity. In other words, the creditor’s claim and the ensuing preference action by the trustee become integral to the restructuring of the debtor-creditor relationship through the bankruptcy court’s equity jurisdiction. As such there is no Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial. If a party does not submit a claim against the bankruptcy estate, however, the trustee can recover allegedly preferential transfers only by filing what amounts to a legal action to recover a monetary transfer. In those circumstances the preference defendant is entitled to a jury trial.

Langenkamp, 498 U.S. at 44-45, 111 S.Ct. at 331, 112 L.Ed.2d at 348 (citations and quotations omitted).

In the face of this controlling precedent, Travellers nonetheless argues that it is entitled to a jury trial because the proof of claim it filed was a “contingent” claim and therefore distinguishable from the type of claim discussed in Langenkamp:

Since Travellers’ judgment against TWA is fully secured by the cash deposit, Travellers has no claim against the bankruptcy estate unless and until TWA’s preference action is decided in TWA’s favor. It is thus logically impossible to conclude that the adjudication of TWA’s preference action is a part of the process of allowance and disallowance of claims or that Travellers’ proof of claim, noting that the preference action might give rise to a claim, invoked that process.

Travellers’ Brief at 12-13 (citations omitted).

Despite Travellers’ position, its argument cannot circumvent the instruction found in Langenkamp that must govern our decision. Langenkamp involved uninsured financial institutions that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. At the time of filing, there were depositors who had, within the preceding 90-day period, redeemed some, but not all, of the thrift and passbook savings certificates that had been issued to them by the debtors. The depositors filed proofs of claim for their non-redeemed certificates. Subsequently, the bankruptcy trustee brought a preference action against those depositors as to the redeemed certificates. The depositors, in turn, requested a jury trial on the bankruptcy trustee’s preference claims, which request was denied. After a bench trial the bankruptcy court held that the redemp-tions constituted avoidable preferences.

The Tenth Circuit reversed, holding that the creditors were entitled to a jury trial as to the redeemed certificates, for which no claims had been filed. The Supreme Court, however, rejected the Tenth Circuit’s analysis, holding that creditors who had earlier redeemed certificates, but who had filed a proof of claim for certificates they had yet to redeem, had, by filing claims as to non-redeemed certificates, brought themselves and their redeemed certificates within the equity jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court. Thus, in Langenkamp, even though no claims, contingent or otherwise, were filed as to the redeemed certificates, the creditors had nonetheless lost their right to a jury in the preference action respecting the redeemed certificates.

Similarly, pursuant to Langenkamp, Travellers has, a fortiori, waived its right to a jury trial and has constructively submitted to the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court by filing a claim with the court. If the Langenkamp Court found jury waiver and bankruptcy court jurisdiction as to assets for which no claim had been filed, there can be little doubt that waiver results when, as in this case, a claim has been filed, albeit contingent and denominated as “protective.” Moreover, as we have earlier observed, Travellers’ argument that “contingent claims” are not encompassed by the Supreme Court’s definition of “claims” is without merit. The definition of “claim” which appears in the definitional section of the Bankruptcy Code is as follows:

“claim” means—
(A) right to payment, whether or not such right is reduced to judgment, liqui[*100] dated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured or unsecured

11 U.S.C. § 101(5)(A) (emphasis added).

In the absence of any qualifying language to the contrary in Langenkamp, there can be no question that the Supreme Court’s definition of “claim” is the same as the one found in the bar notice and in the Bankruptcy Code and includes Travellers’ “protective” claim. [4]

The Supreme Court’s holdings in Granfi-nanciera and Langenkamp leave no doubt that the equitable jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court is exclusive when its jurisdiction has been invoked by the filing of a claim. Where, as in this case, a creditor has filed a claim, even though the claim is couched in protective language and is contingent, that creditor has submitted to the bankruptcy court’s equitable jurisdiction and waived any Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial. [5]

IV.

Because Travellers waived its right to a jury trial when it filed a proof of claim against the bankrupt estate of TWA, Trav-ellers’ petition for a writ of mandamus will be denied.

1

. The appeal of the contract action has since been stayed in light of the automatic stay provision of the Bankruptcy Code.

2

. 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(3) provides:

The bankruptcy judge shall determine, on the judge’s own motion or on timely motion of a party, whether a proceeding is a core proceeding under this subsection or is a proceeding that is otherwise related to the case under title 11. A determination that a proceeding is not a core proceeding shall not be made solely on the basis that its resolution may be affected by State law.
3

. Alternatively, TWA argues that Travellers is foreclosed from receiving a jury trial because of the untimely nature of its demand. The district court declined to address the timeliness issue in refusing Travellers’ motion for withdrawal of the reference because ”[i]t is by no means clear in this district what rule or rules are applicable in assessing the timeliness of a jury demand made in an adversary proceeding instituted in bankruptcy court.” District Court Opinion at 6.

Because we conclude that Travellers’ right to a jury trial has been foreclosed by the Supreme Court’s holding in Langenkamp, this Court, like the district court, need not decide whether Trav-ellers demand for a jury was timely.

4

. To the extent that Travellers attempts to distinguish Langenkamp by arguing that the Supreme Court case refers only to those preference actions in which (as in Langenkamp) a claim is filed before the preference action was brought, its position is unsupportable. No court has made such a distinction, nor do we find such a distinction persuasive. In re Glen Eagle Square, Inc., 132 B.R. 106, 112 (Bankr.E.D.Pa.1991), aff’d 132 B.R. 115 (E.D.Pa.1991) (holding that a creditor's filing of a proof of claim after an adversary proceeding is brought against it constitutes “a knowing, voluntary, and intelligent waiver of its rights to a jury trial”).

5

. Because Travellers waived its right to a jury trial under Langenkamp, there is no need to address the question of whether, if Travellers had not waived its Seventh Amendment right, withdrawal of the reference would be unnecessary because the bankruptcy court may be empowered to conduct jury trials. See, e.g., In re Ben Cooper, Inc., 896 F.2d 1394 (2d Cir.), cert. granted sub nom. Ins. Co. of Pennsylvania v. Ben Cooper, Inc., 497 U.S. 1023, 110 S.Ct. 3269, 111 L.Ed.2d 779 (1990), vacated & remanded for consideration of a jurisdictional issue, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 2041, 114 L.Ed.2d 126 (1991).

Travellers’ alternative argument, that whether, or not it has waived its right to a jury trial, it is entitled to a trial conducted by an Article III judge, is, in our opinion, without merit. Lan-genkamp expressly holds that once a defendant in a preference action has submitted a proof of claim, both the claim and the preference action "become integral to the restructuring of the debtor-creditor relationship through the bankruptcy court’s equity jurisdiction.” Langenkamp, 498 U.S. at 44, 111 S.Ct. at 331, 112 L.Ed.2d at 348.