Martin v. Commonwealth (1987)

green · 2,085 citation events across 3 courts. Showing the 50 strongest citers on record (one row per citing case, strongest signal kept).

All Green 50

Treatment trajectory · 1988 → 2026 · click a year to view the case as of then

198820072026

Sort: By significance · Most recent

green Jody Daniel Gent v. Commonwealth (2003)

Quote Authority · Va. Ct. App. · signal: see · 3 citations in this opinion

See Martin, 4 Va. App. at 442 , 358 S.E.2d at 418 ("The natural reaction of any person arriving to aid one exposed to a startling event is to inquire, 'What happened?' . . .

"The natural reaction of any person arriving to aid one exposed to a startling event is to inquire, 'What happened?' . . . If the question or questioner suggested or influenced the response, then the declaration may lack the necessary reliability to be admitted."

green Taylor Amil Wallace v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2024)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App. · 2 citations in this opinion

Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 (1987).

green James Ray Huff v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2023)

Quote Authority · Va. Ct. App. · signal: see also · 2 citations in this opinion

For both offenses, “[p]enetration may be proved by circumstantial evidence and is not dependent on direct testimony from the victim that the penetration occurred.” Morrison v. Commonwealth, 10 Va. App. 300, 301 (1990); see also Martin, 4 Va. App. at 443 (“The element of penetration may be shown by circumstantial as well as direct evidence.”).

“The element of penetration may be shown by circumstantial as well as direct evidence.”

green Calvin Antonio Woodson, a/k/a Tony Woodson v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2026)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Accordingly, “[t]he trial court’s judgment ‘will not be set aside unless it appears from the evidence that the judgment is plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.’” Epps v. Commonwealth, 66 Va. App. 393, 402 (2016) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 (1987)). “[C]ircumstantial evidence is competent and is entitled to as much weight as direct evidence provided that [it] is sufficiently convincing to exclude every reasonable hypothesis except that of …

green Jenmall Donte Simmons v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2025)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

“Although not controlling, the lapse of time between the ‘startling event’ and a declaration offered in evidence is relevant to a determination whether the declaration was spontaneous and instinctive, or premeditated and deliberative.” Synan v. Commonwealth, 67 Va. App. 173, 184 (2017) (quoting Doe v. Thomas, 227 Va. 466, 471 (1984)). -5- “Also relevant to the consideration is ‘whether the declarant made an exclamation impulsively on his own initiative, or a statement in res…

green Mark C. Ferguson v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2025)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Wood v. Commonwealth, 57 Va. App. 286, 292 (2010) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 (1987)).

green Marcus Eric Sears v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2025)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Accordingly, the circuit court’s judgment “will not be set aside unless it appears from the evidence that the judgment is plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Epps v. Commonwealth, 66 Va. App. 393, 402 (2016) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 (1987)).

green Barksdale v. Clarke (2024)

Rule Authority · W.D. Va.

The trial court’s judgment “will not be set aside unless it appears from the evidence that the judgment is plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Epps v. Commonwealth, 66 Va. App. 393, 402 (2016) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 (1987)), affd, 293 Va. 403 (2017).

green Melissa Nanette Diaz v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2024)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

The Commonwealth points out that whether malice exists is a question of fact, and “[i]n convicting Diaz of second-degree murder, the jury expressly found that she acted with malice and not under the heat of passion.” We agree with the Commonwealth that we are bound by this factual finding, “unless it appears from the evidence that the judgment is plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Wood v. Commonwealth, 57 Va. App. 286, 292 (2010) (quoting - 21 - Martin v. Comm…

green Wilbert Green Venable, s/k/a Wilbert Leroy Green Venable v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2023)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Green Venable was indicted for two counts of possession of a Schedule I/II controlled substance on May 21, 2019. 1 “On appeal, ‘we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.’” Archer v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 1, 11 (1997) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 (1987)).

green Shaun Steven Reed v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2023)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

“The judgment of a trial court sitting without a jury is entitled to the same weight as a jury verdict and will not be set aside unless it appears from the evidence that the judgment is plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Wilkins v. Commonwealth, 18 Va. App. 293, 295 (1994) (en banc) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 (1987)).

green Taylor Amil Wallace v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2023)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 433 (1987) (citing Code § 8.01-680).

citing Code § 8.01-680

green Taylor Amil Wallace v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2023)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 433 (1987) (citing Code § 8.01-680).

citing Code § 8.01-680

green Todd Lynn Lewis v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2022)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Accordingly, the trial court’s judgment “will not be set aside unless it appears from the evidence that the judgment is plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Epps v. Commonwealth, 66 Va. App. 393, 402 (2016) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 (1987)).

green Ricky Timothy Wyatt, Jr. v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2022)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Cuffee v. Commonwealth, 61 Va. App. 353, 357 (2013) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 (1987)).

green Joshua Douglas Rhodes v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2022)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

With respect to the fact finder’s reading of the evidence, “[t]he judgment of a trial court sitting without a jury is entitled to the same weight as a jury verdict and will not be set aside unless it appears from the evidence that the judgment is plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 (1987) (citing Code § 8.01-680).

citing Code § 8.01-680

green David Lee Pettis, Jr. v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2022)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

green Jose Guadencio Sanchez v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2022)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

green Justin Thomas Meade v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2022)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

The trial court’s acquittal of Meade on those charges negated a necessary element of the derivative use of a firearm charges, explaining the trial court’s acquittal of Meade on those charges. -4- (2010) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 (1987)).

green Ruebin Clifton Fletcher v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2020)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

“The judgment of a trial court sitting without a jury is entitled to the same weight as a jury verdict and will not be set aside unless it appears from the evidence that the judgment is plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Wood v. Commonwealth, 57 Va. App. 286, 292 (2010) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 (1987)); see Code § 8.01-680.

green Andarion Lorenzo McInnis v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2018)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Va. App. 722, 725, 781 S.E.2d 362, 364 (2016) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Santraun Deshaud Speller v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2018)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

BACKGROUND “On appeal, we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.” Wells v. Commonwealth, 65 Va. App. 722, 725 , 781 S.E.2d 362, 364 (2016) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Paul Wayne Bagley v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2018)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

“When the sufficiency of the evidence is challenged on appeal, the judgment of the trial court will not be set aside unless it appears from the evidence that the judgment is ‘plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.’” Wilson v. Commonwealth, 46 Va. App. 73, 87 , 615 S.E.2d 500, 507 (2005) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)). “[G]reat deference must be given to the factfinder who, having seen and heard the witnesses, asse…

green Joseph Maurice McFadden v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2018)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

“On appeal, we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.” Wells v. Commonwealth, 65 Va. App. 722, 725 , 781 S.E.2d 362, 364 (2016) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Michael Sean Green v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2018)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

green Gerald Franklin Dodson v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2018)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

“On appeal, we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting  Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.” Wells v. Commonwealth, 65 Va. App. 722, 725 , 781 S.E.2d 362, 364 (2016) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Carlos Stevenson Chambers v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2018)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Va. App. 722, 725, 781 S.E.2d 362, 364 (2016) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Levert Alexander Cosby v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2017)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

green Nathaniel Howard Moone, III v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2017)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

“On appeal, we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. deducible therefrom.” Wells v. Commonwealth, 65 Va. App. 722, 725 , 781 S.E.2d 362, 364 (2016) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Sterling Capers, s/k/a Sterling Bernard Capers v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2017)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

BACKGROUND “On appeal, ‘we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.’” Archer v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 1, 11 , 492 S.E.2d 826, 831 (1997) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)). * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.

green Kenneth Edwards Hicks v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2017)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

The trial court’s judgment “will not be set aside unless it appears from the evidence that the judgment is plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987).

green James Jarmell Jackson v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2017)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Cuffee v. Commonwealth, 61 Va. App. 353, 357 , 735 S.E.2d 693, 695 (2013) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Dermont Travon Sims v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2017)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Va. App. 722, 725, 781 S.E.2d 362, 364 (2016) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Dwayne Demario Marrow v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2017)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

green Larry Eugene Coney, Jr. v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2017)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

BACKGROUND “On appeal, we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deductible therefrom.” Wells v. Commonwealth, 65 Va. App. 722, 725 , 781 S.E.2d 362, 364 (2016) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Kevin Anthony Battaglia v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2017)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

The trial court’s judgment “will not be set aside unless it appears from the evidence that the judgment is plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Martin v. - 11 - Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987) (citing Code § 8.01-680; Evans v. Commonwealth, 215 Va. 609, 613 , 212 S.E.2d 268, 271 (1975); Sutphin v. Commonwealth, 1 Va. App. 241, 243 , 337 S.E.2d 897, 898 (1985)).

citing Code § 8.01-680; Evans v. Commonwealth, 215 Va. 609, 613 , 212 S.E.2d 268, 271 (1975); Sutphin v. Commonwealth, 1 Va. App. 241, 243 , 337 S.E.2d 897, 898 (1985)

green Thomas James Synan, II v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2017)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Also relevant to the consideration is “whether the declarant made an exclamation impulsively on his own initiative, or a statement in response to a question.” Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va.App. 438, 441 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 417 (1987) (quoting Doe, 227 Va. at 471-72 , 318 S.E.2d at 385 ).

quoting Doe, 227 Va. at 471-72 , 318 S.E.2d at 385

green Michael Ray Jennings v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2016)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

green Ulysses Blanding, Jr. v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2016)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

green Donald Keith Epps v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2016)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

green Steven Eugene Mascho, Jr. v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2016)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

ANALYSIS “On appeal, ‘we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.’” Archer v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 1, 11 , 492 S.E.2d 826, 831 (1997) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green William Joseph Hughes v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2016)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

BACKGROUND2 “On appeal, ‘we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.’” Archer v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 1, 11 , 492 S.E.2d 826, 831 (1997) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Joel Malik Hicklin v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2016)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Va. App. 722, 725, 781 S.E.2d 362, 364 (2016) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Angela Maye Holt v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2016)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

BACKGROUND “On appeal, ‘we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.’” Archer v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 1, 11 , 492 S.E.2d 826, 831 (1997) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 438, 443, 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Keith Alexander Mayberry v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2016)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

BACKGROUND “On appeal, ‘we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.’ ” Archer v. Commonwealth, 26 Va.App. 1, 11 , 492 S.E.2d 826, 831 (1997) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va.App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Franklin Whitfield Jackson v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2016)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

green Jeffrey D. Wells v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2016)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Background “On appeal, we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.” Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va.App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987).

green Curtis Leon Finley, a/k/a Lil Curtis v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2016)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

BACKGROUND A. The Crime We present the facts “in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.” Archer v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 1, 11 , 492 S.E.2d 826, 831 (1997) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).

green Maurice Alexander Williams v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2015)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

green David Chad Spitler v. Commonwealth of Virginia (2015)

Rule Authority · Va. Ct. App.

Archer v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 1, 11 , 492 S.E.2d 826, 831 (1997) (quoting Martin v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 438, 443 , 358 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1987)).