private interest factors (California) · Go Syfert
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private interest factors in California

37 California opinions name it 2 courts 1992–2026 11 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (12)

CaseFollowedCited
Stangvik v. Shiley Inc.green
cal · 1991 · cited in 35 California opinions naming this issue, 1995–2026
2 sentences

2025Balancing of Interests: Review for Abuse of Discretion If the trial court concludes a suitable alternative forum exists, the trial court then must exercise its discretion in balancing the respective forum-related interests. ( Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d 744, 751 ; Fox Factory, Inc. v. Superior Court, supra, 11 Cal.App.5th at p. 204 .) “The private interest factors are those that make trial and the enforceability of the ensuing judgment expeditious and relatively inexpensive, such as the ease of access to sources of proof, the cost of obtaining attendance of witnesses, and the availability of co

2025Balancing of Interests: Review for Abuse of Discretion If the trial court concludes a suitable alternative forum exists, the trial court then must exercise its discretion in balancing the respective forum-related interests. ( Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d 744, 751 ; Fox Factory, Inc. v. Superior Court, supra, 11 Cal.App.5th at p. 204 .) “The private interest factors are those that make trial and the enforceability of the ensuing judgment expeditious and relatively inexpensive, such as the ease of access to sources of proof, the cost of obtaining attendance of witnesses, and the availability of co

635
Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reynogreen
scotus · 1982 · cited in 5 California opinions naming this issue, 1992–2025
2 sentences

2025The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, 8 and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation.” (Stangvik v. Shiley Inc. (1991) 54 Cal.3d 744, 751 (Stangvik), citing Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno (1981) 454 U.S. 235 , 259–261 (Piper).) “The trial court has great flexibility in weighing [the private and public interest] factors; no one factor is de

2025The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, 8 and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation.” (Stangvik v. Shiley Inc. (1991) 54 Cal.3d 744, 751 (Stangvik), citing Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno (1981) 454 U.S. 235 , 259–261 (Piper).) “The trial court has great flexibility in weighing [the private and public interest] factors; no one factor is de

45
Morris v. AGFA CORP.green
calctapp · 2006 · cited in 3 California opinions naming this issue, 2009–2016
2 sentences

2016The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation.” 9 (Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 , citing Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno (1981) 454 U.S. 235, 259-261 (Piper) and Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert (1947) 330 U.S. 501, 507-509 ; see also Morris v. AGFA Corp. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1452, 1463-1464 .) Also o

2009(Stangvik v. Shiley Inc., supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 ; Morris v. AGFA Corp., supra, 144 Cal.App.4th at p. 1463 .) “The private interest factors are those that make trial and the enforceability of the ensuing judgment expeditious and relatively inexpensive, such as the ease of access to sources of proof, the cost of obtaining attendance of witnesses, and the availability of compulsory process for attendance of unwilling witnesses.

23
National Football League v. Fireman's Fund Insurancegreen
calctapp · 2013 · cited in 3 California opinions naming this issue, 2015–2022
2 sentences

2022(See NFL, supra, 216 Cal.App.4th at p. 917 .).) In cases where a party requests a stay of the state action in favor of a previously filed federal action, the court “should consider the importance of discouraging multiple litigation designed solely to harass an adverse party, and of avoiding unseemly conflicts with the courts of other jurisdictions.

2021The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation.” (Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 ; see National Football League v. Fireman’s Fund Insurance Company, supra, 216 Cal.App.4th at p. 917 .) “The court can also take into account the amenability of the defendants to personal jurisdiction, the convenien

13
Guimei v. General Electric Co.green
calctapp · 2009 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2021–2025
2 sentences

2025(Id. at p. 756.) Likewise, the court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that plaintiffs’ choice of California as the forum “is not a substantial factor in favor of retaining jurisdiction here.” (Id. at p. 755.) Plaintiffs are citizens and residents of Canada. “[T]he forum choice of a foreign plaintiff is not entitled to a presumption of convenience.” (Fox Factory, Inc. v. Superior Court (2017) 11 Cal.App.5th 197, 205 ; accord, Guimei, supra, 172 Cal.App.4th at p. 702 [foreign plaintiffs’ choice of California as the forum was “of little consequence” and entitled to less deference].) The

2025(Id. at p. 756.) Likewise, the court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that plaintiffs’ choice of California as the forum “is not a substantial factor in favor of retaining jurisdiction here.” (Id. at p. 755.) Plaintiffs are citizens and residents of Canada. “[T]he forum choice of a foreign plaintiff is not entitled to a presumption of convenience.” (Fox Factory, Inc. v. Superior Court (2017) 11 Cal.App.5th 197, 205 ; accord, Guimei, supra, 172 Cal.App.4th at p. 702 [foreign plaintiffs’ choice of California as the forum was “of little consequence” and entitled to less deference].) The

12
cluster 768602green
ca9 · 2000 · cited in 2 California opinions naming this issue, 2016–2017
2 sentences

2017The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation.” (Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 , citing Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno (1981) 454 U.S. 235, 259-261 [ 70 L.Ed.2d 419 , 102 S.Ct. 252 ] (Piper) and Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert (1947) 330 U.S. 501 , *204 507-509 [ 91 L.Ed. 1055 , 67 S.Ct. 839 ].) Also o

2016The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation.” 9 (Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 , citing Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno (1981) 454 U.S. 235, 259-261 (Piper) and Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert (1947) 330 U.S. 501, 507-509 ; see also Morris v. AGFA Corp. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1452, 1463-1464 .) Also o

12
Campbell v. Parker-Hannifin Corp.green
calctapp · 1999 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025(Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 762 ; see also Campbell v. Parker-Hannifin Corp. (1999) 69 Cal.App.4th 1534, 1542 (Campbell) [balance favored granting motion for stay in action involving airplane crash in Australia where “[v]irtually all of the evidence relating to damages is in Australia, and the evidence relating to the design and manufacture of the airplane is in the United States”].) Roy contends the private interest factors favoring California strongly outweigh those favoring Quebec because “[t]he most relevant evidence in this products liability case are the documents and people concer

11
Lui Su Nai-Chao v. Boeing Co.green
cand · 1982 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025Cal. 1982) 555 F.Supp. 9, 12, fn. 4 [existence of FAA airworthiness directive, “though relevant for purposes of establishing a prima facie case of defect,” did not affect court’s analysis of forum non conveniens question].) Roy also contends that the cost to the parties of translating documents into French, the official language of Quebec, would be “prohibitive” and weighs against the trial court’s conclusion that the private interest factors favor Quebec.

11
Archibald v. Cinerama Hotelsgreen
cal · 1976 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
1 sentence

2021The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation.” (Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 ; see National Football League v. Fireman’s Fund Insurance Company, supra, 216 Cal.App.4th at p. 917 .) “The court can also take into account the amenability of the defendants to personal jurisdiction, the convenien

11
American Cemwood Corp. v. American Home Assurance Co.green
calctapp · 2001 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
1 sentence

2016The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the 5 local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation.” (Ibid.) Although the grant or denial of a motion to dismiss or stay an action for forum non conveniens is within the trial court’s discretion subject to substantial deference on review (Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 ), the trial court’s determi

11
Roman v. LIBERTY UNIVERSITY, INC.green
calctapp · 2008 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
1 sentence

2015The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation. [Citations.]” ( Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d. at p. 751.) Where the “[p]laintiff is a resident of California, . . . substantial weight must be given to his choice of forum in this state.” (Roman v. Liberty University, Inc. (2008) 162 Cal.App.4th 670, 684 [

11
Century Indemnity Co. v. Bank of Americagreen
calctapp · 1997 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013
1 sentence

2013(Stangvik, supra, at pp. 751, 754 ; Century Indemnity Co. v. Bank of America, supra, 58 Cal.App.4th at p. 412 (Century).) “ ‘The private interest factors are those that make trial and the enforceability of the ensuing judgment expeditious and relatively inexpensive, such as the ease of access to sources of proof, the cost of obtaining attendance of witnesses, and the availability of compulsory process for attendance of unwilling witnesses.’ (Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 .) The residences of the plaintiff and the defendant are relevant, and a corporate defendant’s principal place of bus

11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (19)

CaseCitedYears
Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert red
scotus · 1947
2 sentences

2017The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation.” (Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 , citing Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno (1981) 454 U.S. 235, 259-261 [ 70 L.Ed.2d 419 , 102 S.Ct. 252 ] (Piper) and Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert (1947) 330 U.S. 501 , *204 507-509 [ 91 L.Ed. 1055 , 67 S.Ct. 839 ].) Also o

2017The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation.” (Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 , citing Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno (1981) 454 U.S. 235, 259-261 [ 70 L.Ed.2d 419 , 102 S.Ct. 252 ] (Piper) and Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert (1947) 330 U.S. 501 , *204 507-509 [ 91 L.Ed. 1055 , 67 S.Ct. 839 ].) Also o

32013–2017
Fox Factory, Inc. v. Superior Court of Santa Clara County green
calctapp · 2017
2 sentences

2025(Id. at p. 756.) Likewise, the court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that plaintiffs’ choice of California as the forum “is not a substantial factor in favor of retaining jurisdiction here.” (Id. at p. 755.) Plaintiffs are citizens and residents of Canada. “[T]he forum choice of a foreign plaintiff is not entitled to a presumption of convenience.” (Fox Factory, Inc. v. Superior Court (2017) 11 Cal.App.5th 197, 205 ; accord, Guimei, supra, 172 Cal.App.4th at p. 702 [foreign plaintiffs’ choice of California as the forum was “of little consequence” and entitled to less deference].) The

2025Balancing of Interests: Review for Abuse of Discretion If the trial court concludes a suitable alternative forum exists, the trial court then must exercise its discretion in balancing the respective forum-related interests. ( Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d 744, 751 ; Fox Factory, Inc. v. Superior Court, supra, 11 Cal.App.5th at p. 204 .) “The private interest factors are those that make trial and the enforceability of the ensuing judgment expeditious and relatively inexpensive, such as the ease of access to sources of proof, the cost of obtaining attendance of witnesses, and the availability of co

22025–2025
Roulier v. Cannondale green
calctapp · 2002
1 sentence

2025(Ibid.) The court observed that “percipient and expert witnesses and documents regarding the design, production, testing, warranty, and sale of the bicycle are in California or may be compelled to testify or to be produced here.” (Roulier, supra, 101 Cal.App.4th at p. 1189 .) Although “the surviving percipient witness, the treating physicians, and the medical records are in Switzerland,” the court concluded that the private interest factors favored California because the plaintiff had provided “his medical records, made himself available for medical examination here, and has stipulated to vide

12025–2025
Nevarez v. Tonna green
calctapp · 2014
1 sentence

2025(Nevarez v. Tonna (2014) 227 Cal.App.4th 774, 786 .) In sum, the trial court’s conclusion that the private interest factors weighed in favor of trying the action in Quebec was supported by substantial evidence and was reasonable under the circumstances.

12025–2025
People v. Carmony green
cal · 2004
1 sentence

2021(People v. Carmony (2004) 33 Cal.4th 367, 376-377 .) To establish an abuse of discretion, Plaintiffs were required to show that the trial court’s decision fell outside the permissible range of options set by the legal criteria (Orange Catholic Foundation v. Arvizu (2018) 28 Cal.App.5th 283, 292-293 ), or that the trial court’s decision with respect to the weighing of the private factors was “so irrational or arbitrary that no reasonable person could agree with it.” (Olive v. General Nutrition Centers, Inc. (2018) 30 Cal.App.5th 804, 827 .) Instead, Plaintiffs merely argue to this court that th

12021–2021
Animal Film, LLC v. D.E.J. Productions, Inc. green
calctapp · 2011
1 sentence

2021“The private interest factors are those that make trial and the enforceability of the ensuing judgment expeditious and relatively inexpensive, such as the ease of access to sources of proof, the cost of obtaining attendance of witnesses, and the availability of compulsory process for attendance of unwilling witnesses.” (Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 .) “The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening California courts, protecting potential jurors who should not be called on to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and weighing the competing ties of

12021–2021
Herrera v. Deutsche Bank National Trust Co. green
calctapp · 2011
1 sentence

2021The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon Trust Co. (2011) 196 Cal.App.4th 1366, 1375 ), the pending RJNs are hereby granted. 5 Section 410.30 states in relevant part at subdivision (a) that “[w]hen a court upon motion of a party or its own motion finds that in the interest of substantial justice an action should be heard in a forum outside this state, the court shall stay or dismiss the action in whole or in part on any conditions that may be just.” 7 to de

12021–2021
Orange Catholic Found. v. Arvizu green
calctapp5d · 2018
1 sentence

2021(People v. Carmony (2004) 33 Cal.4th 367, 376-377 .) To establish an abuse of discretion, Plaintiffs were required to show that the trial court’s decision fell outside the permissible range of options set by the legal criteria (Orange Catholic Foundation v. Arvizu (2018) 28 Cal.App.5th 283, 292-293 ), or that the trial court’s decision with respect to the weighing of the private factors was “so irrational or arbitrary that no reasonable person could agree with it.” (Olive v. General Nutrition Centers, Inc. (2018) 30 Cal.App.5th 804, 827 .) Instead, Plaintiffs merely argue to this court that th

12021–2021
Olive v. Gen. Nutrition Ctrs., Inc. green
calctapp5d · 2018
1 sentence

2021(People v. Carmony (2004) 33 Cal.4th 367, 376-377 .) To establish an abuse of discretion, Plaintiffs were required to show that the trial court’s decision fell outside the permissible range of options set by the legal criteria (Orange Catholic Foundation v. Arvizu (2018) 28 Cal.App.5th 283, 292-293 ), or that the trial court’s decision with respect to the weighing of the private factors was “so irrational or arbitrary that no reasonable person could agree with it.” (Olive v. General Nutrition Centers, Inc. (2018) 30 Cal.App.5th 804, 827 .) Instead, Plaintiffs merely argue to this court that th

12021–2021
David v. Medtronic, Inc. green
calctapp · 2015
2 sentences

2016The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the 5 local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation.” (Ibid.) Although the grant or denial of a motion to dismiss or stay an action for forum non conveniens is within the trial court’s discretion subject to substantial deference on review (Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 ), the trial court’s determi

2016The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the 5 local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation.” (Ibid.) Although the grant or denial of a motion to dismiss or stay an action for forum non conveniens is within the trial court’s discretion subject to substantial deference on review (Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 ), the trial court’s determi

12016–2016
Love v. Associated Newspapers, Ltd. green
ca9 · 2010
1 sentence

2015As regards the public interest factors, Shokrian (1) argues at length that a case the trial court relied on, Love v. Associated Newspapers, Ltd. (9th Cir. 2010) 611 F.3d 601 (Love), is legally and factually inapposite, and (2) “no substantial evidence supported the trial court’s factual and legal conclusion that Belgium had any significant interest in having its laws applied to this action greater than that of California.” Again, we are not persuaded.

12015–2015
Ali v. U.S.A. Cab Ltd. green
calctapp · 2009
1 sentence

2015Cab Ltd. (2009) 176 Cal.App.4th 1333, 1351-1352 .) It is reasonable to conclude that the private interest factors, “such as the ease of access to sources of proof, the cost of obtaining attendance of witnesses, and the availability of compulsory process for attendance of unwilling witnesses” (Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 ), weighed in favor of a Mexican forum.

12015–2015
Cal-State Business Products & Services, Inc. v. Ricoh green
calctapp · 1993
1 sentence

2015The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and Alwin’s subsequent declaration consenting to jurisdiction in the Belgian Court of First Instance. 5 weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation.” (Stangvik v. Shiley Inc. (1991) 54 Cal.3d 744, 751 .) “The granting or denial of such a motion is within the trial court’s discretion, and substantial de

12015–2015
Hahn v. Diaz-Barba green
calctapp · 2011
2 sentences

2015Although Martin is correct that his status as a California resident entitled him to a presumption in favor of his chosen home-state forum (see National Football League v. Fireman’s Fund Insurance Company, supra, 216 Cal.App.4th at p. 924 ; Hahn, supra, 194 Cal.App.4th at p. 1195 ), no one factor is determinative.

2015Although Martin is correct that his status as a California resident entitled him to a presumption in favor of his chosen home-state forum (see National Football League v. Fireman’s Fund Insurance Company, supra, 216 Cal.App.4th at p. 924 ; Hahn, supra, 194 Cal.App.4th at p. 1195 ), no one factor is determinative.

12015–2015
Walker v. Superior Court green
cal · 1991
1 sentence

2015When two or more inferences can reasonably be deduced from the facts, the reviewing court has no authority to substitute its decision for that of the trial court.’ [Citation.]” (Walker v. Superior Court (1991) 53 Cal.3d 257, 272 .) As regards the private interest factors, Shokrian’s arguments are based on his contentions that (1) the evidence introduced on the forum non conveniens motion conclusively establishes liability, so the only remaining issue is damages, and (2) the entity defendants did not specifically identify any witnesses or items of documentary or physical evidence that would act

12015–2015
Chong v. Superior Court of Los Angeles County green
calctapp · 1997
1 sentence

2011(Stangvik, supra, 54 Cal.3d at p. 751 ; Chong, supra, 58 Cal.App.4th at p. 1037 .) “The private interest factors are those that make trial and the enforceability of the ensuing judgment expeditious and relatively inexpensive, such as the ease of access to sources of proof, the cost of obtaining attendance of witnesses, and the availability of compulsory process for attendance of unwilling witnesses.

12011–2011
Credit Lyonnais Bank Nederland, N. v. v. Manatt, Phelps, Rothenberg & Tunney green
calctapp · 1988
2 sentences

1996The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation. [Citations.]" ( Stangvik v. Shiley Inc. (1991) 54 Cal.3d 744 , 751 [ 1 Cal.Rptr.2d 556 , 819 P.2d 14 ].) *Page 557 This rule of law is codified at Code of Civil Procedure section 410.30 which provides, in pertinent part: "When a court upon motion of a pa

1996The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation. [Citations.]" ( Stangvik v. Shiley Inc. (1991) 54 Cal.3d 744 , 751 [ 1 Cal.Rptr.2d 556 , 819 P.2d 14 ].) *Page 557 This rule of law is codified at Code of Civil Procedure section 410.30 which provides, in pertinent part: "When a court upon motion of a pa

11996–1996
Corrigan v. Bjork Shiley Corp. green
calctapp · 1986
11996–1996
Pham v. Wagner Litho MacHinery Co. green
calctapp · 1985
2 sentences

1996The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation. [Citations.]" ( Stangvik v. Shiley Inc. (1991) 54 Cal.3d 744 , 751 [ 1 Cal.Rptr.2d 556 , 819 P.2d 14 ].) *Page 557 This rule of law is codified at Code of Civil Procedure section 410.30 which provides, in pertinent part: "When a court upon motion of a pa

1996The public interest factors include avoidance of overburdening local courts with congested calendars, protecting the interests of potential jurors so that they are not called upon to decide cases in which the local community has little concern, and weighing the competing interests of California and the alternate jurisdiction in the litigation. [Citations.]" ( Stangvik v. Shiley Inc. (1991) 54 Cal.3d 744 , 751 [ 1 Cal.Rptr.2d 556 , 819 P.2d 14 ].) *Page 557 This rule of law is codified at Code of Civil Procedure section 410.30 which provides, in pertinent part: "When a court upon motion of a pa

11996–1996

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CA § Cal. Corporations Code § 167 (3) CA § Cal. Evidence Code § 452 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

IL 196 (1984–2026) CA 37 (1992–2026) TX 32 (2000–2024) FL 17 (1989–2023) NJ 16 (1999–2024) LA 9 (2005–2024) WA 8 (1985–2025) DC 6 (1996–2015) CT 5 (1992–2002) RI 3 (2008–2010) MN 3 (2009–2024) NM 2 (1995–1996) WY 2 (2019–2024) OR 2 (2014–2016) OH 2 (1998–2002) SD 2 (2003–2010) AZ 2 (2020–2024)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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