Already have an account? Sign in instead.
You stay signed in for 30 days on this browser.
Continue with Google Continue with MicrosoftNo account yet? Create a free one.
We sent a six-digit code.
It expires in ten minutes, works once, and only in this browser. Five wrong tries void it. Send another code.
Your account is live and the Cloudflare checks are off for this browser.
The doctrines California courts name when they cite: mined from the sentence each citation lives in, keyed on the citing court, counted by distinct opinions. Entry by issue, not by case: pick one to see the cases on each side.
| # | Issue | Most-cited case | Opinions | Courts | Years | Last 5y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | due process clause | People v. Partida | 4,037 | 6 | 1912–2026 | 1,139 |
| 2 | abuse of discretion standard | Haraguchi v. Superior Court | 3,918 | 7 | 1957–2026 | 1,529 |
| 3 | natural and probable consequences doctrine | People v. Lewis | 3,433 | 2 | 1992–2026 | 2,908 |
| 4 | felony-murder rule | People v. Lewis | 3,106 | 3 | 1951–2026 | 2,374 |
| 5 | fundamental rule | Jameson v. Desta | 2,962 | 6 | 1871–2026 | 882 |
| 6 | hearsay rule | People v. Sanchez | 2,251 | 7 | 1918–2026 | 691 |
| 7 | affirmative defense | Aguilar v. Atlantic Richfield Co. | 2,234 | 5 | 1869–2026 | 630 |
| 8 | de novo standard | People v. Posey | 2,205 | 7 | 1926–2026 | 891 |
| 9 | slapp motion | Baral v. Schnitt | 1,966 | 6 | 1997–2026 | 892 |
| 10 | reasonable doubt standard | Chapman v. California | 1,958 | 4 | 1883–2026 | 710 |
| 11 | equal protection clause | Cooley v. Superior Court | 1,926 | 7 | 1923–2026 | 421 |
| 12 | harmless error | People v. Watson | 1,606 | 4 | 1892–2026 | 652 |
| 13 | forfeiture rule | People v. Sheena K. | 1,391 | 5 | 1864–2026 | 690 |
| 14 | confrontation clause | Crawford v. Washington | 1,259 | 5 | 1967–2026 | 354 |
| 15 | Watson standard | People v. Watson | 1,246 | 3 | 1964–2026 | 596 |
| 16 | section 654 multiple punishment | People v. Latimer | 1,228 | 4 | 1956–2026 | 383 |
| 17 | Miranda warning | Miranda v. Arizona | 1,194 | 7 | 1966–2026 | 270 |
| 18 | prima facie inquiry | People v. Lewis | 1,192 | 4 | 1887–2026 | 922 |
| 19 | exclusionary rule | United States v. Leon | 1,147 | 8 | 1930–2026 | 129 |
| 20 | Marsden hearing | People v. Marsden | 992 | 3 | 1978–2026 | 336 |
| 21 | deferential abuse of discretion standard | People v. Carmony | 980 | 3 | 1987–2026 | 398 |
| 22 | section 12022.53(d) enhancement | People v. Tirado | 966 | 4 | 2000–2026 | 620 |
| 23 | section 667.5(b) enhancement | People v. Rhodius | 962 | 5 | 1979–2026 | 468 |
| 24 | Chapman standard | Chapman v. California | 933 | 4 | 1967–2026 | 442 |
| 25 | section 352 exercise of discretion | People v. Clark | 901 | 5 | 1969–2026 | 297 |
| 26 | prejudicial error | People v. Watson | 896 | 5 | 1882–2026 | 220 |
| 27 | section 667(a) five year enhancement | People v. Jones | 804 | 5 | 1984–2026 | 270 |
| 28 | litigation privilege | Silberg v. Anderson | 785 | 5 | 1893–2026 | 308 |
| 29 | Fifth Amendment privilege | Miranda v. Arizona | 766 | 4 | 1959–2026 | 158 |
| 30 | Romero motion | People v. Superior Court (Romero) | 758 | 3 | 1970–2026 | 417 |
| 31 | anti-SLAPP analysis | Baral v. Schnitt | 736 | 3 | 2001–2026 | 398 |
| 32 | section 186.22(b) gang enhancement | People v. Lopez | 709 | 3 | 1991–2026 | 315 |
| 33 | warrant requirement | People v. Williams | 693 | 8 | 1944–2026 | 128 |
| 34 | unanimity instruction | People v. Russo | 674 | 3 | 1982–2026 | 234 |
| 35 | Wende brief | Anders v. California | 668 | 2 | 1982–2026 | 463 |
| 36 | section 1202.4 restitution fine | People v. Dueñas | 666 | 3 | 1987–2026 | 331 |
| 37 | claim of instructional error | People v. Mitchell | 652 | 2 | 1991–2026 | 368 |
| 38 | ability to pay hearing | People v. Dueñas | 647 | 2 | 1993–2026 | 462 |
| 39 | context of the statutory framework | Moyer v. Workmen's Compensation Appeals Board | 626 | 5 | 1976–2026 | 189 |
| 40 | ineffective assistance of counsel claim | Strickland v. Washington | 617 | 2 | 1990–2026 | 323 |
| 41 | Fourth Amendment violation | Whren v. United States | 614 | 5 | 1966–2026 | 112 |
| 42 | federal constitutional error | Chapman v. California | 604 | 4 | 1966–2026 | 188 |
| 43 | res judicata doctrine | Mycogen Corp. v. Monsanto Co. | 601 | 5 | 1905–2026 | 101 |
| 44 | section 1385 discretion | People v. Superior Court (Romero) | 597 | 4 | 1959–2026 | 349 |
| 45 | wrongful termination in violation of public policy | Tameny v. Atlantic Richfield Co. | 586 | 3 | 1980–2026 | 111 |
| 46 | law of the case doctrine | People v. Shuey | 585 | 4 | 1889–2026 | 199 |
| 47 | camera hearing | People v. Mooc | 584 | 4 | 1970–2026 | 136 |
| 48 | separation of powers doctrine | Superior Court v. County of Mendocino | 581 | 6 | 1941–2026 | 143 |
| 49 | section 1385 enhancement | People v. Carmony | 580 | 3 | 1979–2026 | 420 |
| 50 | invited error | People v. Coffman | 578 | 3 | 1947–2026 | 189 |
| 51 | section 425.16 special motion to strike | Soukup v. Law Offices of Herbert Hafif | 568 | 3 | 1994–2026 | 195 |
| 52 | pinpoint instruction | People v. Saille | 559 | 2 | 1982–2026 | 220 |
| 53 | Pitchess motion | People v. Mooc | 553 | 4 | 1977–2026 | 149 |
| 54 | attorney-client privilege | City & County of San Francisco v. Superior Court | 545 | 4 | 1954–2026 | 95 |
| 55 | ineffective assistance claim | Strickland v. Washington | 541 | 2 | 1982–2026 | 239 |
| 56 | state law claim | People v. Watson | 536 | 2 | 1920–2026 | 205 |
| 57 | Sixth Amendment violation | People v. Lynch | 528 | 5 | 1968–2026 | 252 |
| 58 | section 1021.5 award of attorney fees | Woodland Hills Residents Ass'n v. City Council of Los Angeles | 528 | 3 | 1979–2026 | 110 |
| 59 | double jeopardy clause | Burks v. United States | 521 | 4 | 1953–2026 | 127 |
| 60 | section 1717 attorney fees | Chia-Lee Hsu v. Abbara | 512 | 3 | 1974–2026 | 137 |
| 61 | ease bar | Innes v. Goldwater | 494 | 3 | 1874–2021 | 1 |
| 62 | Estrada rule | In Re Estrada | 477 | 6 | 1976–2026 | 276 |
| 63 | icwa inquiry | Los Angeles County Department of Children & Family Services v. Ashlee R. | 472 | 2 | 1991–2026 | 334 |
| 64 | beyond-a-reasonable-doubt standard | Chapman v. California | 468 | 3 | 1956–2026 | 207 |
| 65 | deferential substantial evidence standard | People v. Williams | 459 | 4 | 1982–2026 | 128 |
| 66 | Faretta motion | Faretta v. California | 458 | 2 | 1976–2026 | 138 |
| 67 | clear and convincing standard | SHEILA S. v. Superior Court | 453 | 2 | 1978–2026 | 148 |
| 68 | parole hearing | People v. Franklin | 443 | 5 | 1964–2026 | 202 |
| 69 | legally sufficient claim | Baral v. Schnitt | 442 | 3 | 1995–2026 | 193 |
| 70 | section 47(b) litigation privilege | Silberg v. Anderson | 442 | 3 | 1933–2026 | 105 |
| 71 | UCL claim | Cel-Tech Communications, Inc. v. Los Angeles Cellular Telephone Co. | 441 | 2 | 1998–2026 | 142 |
| 72 | Wheeler motion | People v. Wheeler | 438 | 3 | 1982–2026 | 121 |
| 73 | exhaustion doctrine | Abelleira v. District Court of Appeal | 436 | 2 | 1897–2026 | 111 |
| 74 | section 425.16 protected activity | Park v. Bd. of Trs. of the Cal. State Univ. | 432 | 2 | 1999–2026 | 213 |
| 75 | section 654 one act | Neal v. State of California | 430 | 3 | 1960–2026 | 138 |
| 76 | section 12022.5 enhancement | People v. Gonzalez | 430 | 3 | 1972–2026 | 201 |
| 77 | statute of limitations defense | Adams v. Paul | 405 | 2 | 1861–2026 | 107 |
| 78 | section 998 offer | Barella v. Exchange Bank | 402 | 3 | 1979–2026 | 115 |
| 79 | record for potential error | People v. Kelly | 398 | 1 | 2009–2026 | 160 |
| 80 | ingredient of the constitutional doctrine | Denham v. Superior Court | 398 | 2 | 1970–2026 | 211 |
| 81 | knowing and intelligent waiver | People v. Sivongxxay | 396 | 5 | 1967–2026 | 103 |
| 82 | collateral estoppel doctrine | Lucido v. Superior Court | 394 | 4 | 1950–2026 | 80 |
| 83 | rational basis test | Johnson v. Department of Justice | 394 | 6 | 1976–2026 | 95 |
| 84 | youth offender parole hearing | People v. Franklin | 382 | 4 | 2013–2026 | 267 |
| 85 | good faith exception | United States v. Leon | 381 | 5 | 1925–2026 | 87 |
| 86 | estoppel doctrine | Norgart v. Upjohn Co. | 380 | 3 | 1889–2026 | 49 |
| 87 | demurrer test | Blank v. Kirwan | 380 | 6 | 1869–2026 | 119 |
| 88 | section 190.2(a) felony murder special circumstance findings | People v. Banks | 379 | 2 | 1976–2026 | 255 |
| 89 | res ipsa loquitur doctrine | Ybarra v. Spangard | 378 | 3 | 1909–2026 | 34 |
| 90 | ex post facto clause | Collins v. Youngblood | 377 | 3 | 1958–2026 | 51 |
| 91 | probable cause hearing | Morrissey v. Brewer | 371 | 6 | 1955–2026 | 58 |
| 92 | paga claim | Iskanian v. CLS Transportation Los Angeles, LLC | 371 | 2 | 2008–2026 | 231 |
| 93 | contested hearing | Los Angeles County Department of Children & Family Services v. Theodora T. | 365 | 3 | 1907–2026 | 116 |
| 94 | Eighth Amendment challenge | People v. Aviles | 363 | 5 | 1983–2026 | 176 |
| 95 | preponderance of the evidence standard | People v. Reliford | 362 | 3 | 1967–2026 | 114 |
| 96 | vagueness challenge | People v. Sheena K. | 359 | 5 | 1975–2026 | 81 |
| 97 | parol evidence rule | Casa Herrera, Inc. v. Beydoun | 348 | 3 | 1922–2026 | 28 |
| 98 | equitable estoppel doctrine | Driscoll v. City of Los Angeles | 347 | 3 | 1920–2026 | 86 |
| 99 | personal waiver | People v. Blackburn | 342 | 4 | 1887–2026 | 101 |
| 100 | section 300(b) jurisdictional finding | In Re James R. | 336 | 1 | 1994–2026 | 127 |
| 101 | scrutiny test | People v. Olivas | 334 | 6 | 1972–2026 | 31 |
| 102 | therapist duty to warn | Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California | 333 | 4 | 1963–2026 | 34 |
| 103 | implied waiver | Berghuis v. Thompkins | 330 | 3 | 1857–2026 | 77 |
| 104 | supremacy clause | Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc. | 329 | 4 | 1960–2026 | 30 |
| 105 | section 1172.6 evidentiary hearing | People v. Lewis | 322 | 2 | 2022–2026 | 322 |
| 106 | permanency planning hearing | In Re Marilyn H | 315 | 2 | 1985–2026 | 98 |
| 107 | one final judgment rule | In Re Baycol Cases I & II | 315 | 2 | 1960–2026 | 111 |
| 108 | feha claim | Williams v. Chino Valley Independent Fire District | 312 | 2 | 1984–2026 | 97 |
| 109 | knowledge requirement | People v. Sheena K. | 311 | 3 | 1964–2026 | 59 |
| 110 | judicially created exception | People v. Reed | 309 | 3 | 1955–2026 | 72 |
| 111 | elementary principle | People v. Saddler | 306 | 6 | 1889–2026 | 41 |
| 112 | Brady violation | Brady v. Maryland | 306 | 3 | 1984–2026 | 101 |
| 113 | default rule | People v. Brown | 306 | 3 | 1929–2026 | 99 |
| 114 | respondeat superior doctrine | Mary M. v. City of Los Angeles | 303 | 3 | 1889–2026 | 42 |
| 115 | jury followed instruction | People v. Sanchez | 298 | 2 | 1935–2026 | 119 |
| 116 | section 1385 interest of justice | People v. Tirado | 297 | 5 | 1968–2026 | 197 |
| 117 | ceqa analysis | Communities for a Better Environment v. South Coast Air Quality Management District | 296 | 3 | 1981–2026 | 95 |
| 118 | principle rule | Kowis v. Howard | 296 | 2 | 1889–2026 | 94 |
| 119 | six-month review hearing | M v. v. Superior Court | 291 | 2 | 1992–2026 | 118 |
| 120 | accusatory pleading test | People v. Reed | 291 | 2 | 1983–2026 | 105 |
| 121 | selection and implementation hearing | In Re Ronell A. | 289 | 2 | 1992–2026 | 65 |
| 122 | American rule | Trope v. Katz | 289 | 4 | 1858–2026 | 83 |
| 123 | cumulative error | People v. Capers | 288 | 2 | 1961–2026 | 190 |
| 124 | First Amendment challenge | People v. George T. | 287 | 4 | 1966–2026 | 55 |
| 125 | preemption doctrine | Bishop v. City of San Jose | 286 | 3 | 1871–2026 | 37 |
| 126 | reasonable probability error | People v. Watson | 285 | 2 | 1979–2026 | 92 |
| 127 | detention hearing | In Re William M. | 283 | 2 | 1932–2026 | 89 |
| 128 | corollary rule | Fare v. Tony C. | 283 | 4 | 1900–2026 | 64 |
| 129 | record that support claim | In Re SC | 280 | 1 | 2006–2026 | 188 |
| 130 | noncompete agreement | Edwards v. Arthur Andersen LLP | 279 | 2 | 1929–2026 | 58 |
| 131 | gave instruction | Griffin v. California | 276 | 3 | 1896–2026 | 29 |
| 132 | per se rule | Chapman v. California | 270 | 5 | 1961–2026 | 34 |
| 133 | qualified privilege | Harlow v. Fitzgerald | 270 | 2 | 1911–2026 | 43 |
| 134 | malicious prosecution claim | Sheldon Appel Co. v. Albert & Oliker | 269 | 2 | 1979–2026 | 68 |
| 135 | form instruction | People v. Breverman | 268 | 3 | 1858–2026 | 49 |
| 136 | section 352 prejudicial | People v. Falsetta | 268 | 2 | 1973–2026 | 97 |
| 137 | merit claim | Baral v. Schnitt | 264 | 2 | 1925–2026 | 189 |
| 138 | clear and convincing evidence standard | Department of Social Services v. Ronald P. | 263 | 2 | 1948–2026 | 118 |
| 139 | Harvey waiver | People v. Harvey | 262 | 2 | 1962–2026 | 106 |
| 140 | probation revocation hearing | People v. Coleman | 262 | 3 | 1968–2026 | 66 |
| 141 | categorical rule | Miller v. Alabama | 261 | 4 | 1974–2026 | 103 |
| 142 | section 352 exclude relevant evidence | People v. Falsetta | 261 | 2 | 1985–2026 | 95 |
| 143 | conviction violation | Apprendi v. New Jersey | 259 | 4 | 1893–2026 | 60 |
| 144 | unconscionability doctrine | Armendariz v. Found. Health Psychcare Servs., Inc. | 258 | 2 | 1982–2026 | 111 |
| 145 | implied findings doctrine | Fladeboe v. American Isuzu Motors Inc. | 256 | 1 | 1958–2026 | 153 |
| 146 | Griffin error | Griffin v. California | 255 | 3 | 1961–2026 | 50 |
| 147 | malice requirement | People v. Gentile | 255 | 2 | 1979–2026 | 188 |
| 148 | omitted instruction | People v. Sedeno | 254 | 2 | 1934–2026 | 53 |
| 149 | felony violation | People v. Briceno | 254 | 5 | 1955–2026 | 72 |
| 150 | Clark factors | People v. Clark | 252 | 2 | 1956–2026 | 228 |
Top 150 by distinct citing opinions.