discriminatory practice violation (Connecticut) · Go Syfert
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discriminatory practice violation in Connecticut

34 Connecticut opinions name it 3 courts 1986–2026 6 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Connecticut courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (13)

CaseFollowedCited
Levy v. Commission on Human Rights & Opportunitiesgreen
conn · 1996 · cited in 2 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2000–2017
2 sentences

2017General Statutes § 46a-81c (1) provides in relevant part: "It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: (1) For an employer, by himself or his agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment any individual or to discriminate against him in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment because the individual's sexual orientation or civil union status ...." " 'Disparate treatment' simply refers to those cases where certain individuals are treated differentl

2017General Statutes § 46a-81c (1) provides in relevant part: "It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: (1) For an employer, by himself or his agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment any individual or to discriminate against him in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment because the individual's sexual orientation or civil union status ...." " 'Disparate treatment' simply refers to those cases where certain individuals are treated differentl

12
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Greengreen
scotus · 1973 · cited in 2 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1986–2017
2 sentences

2017Section 46a-60 provides in relevant part: "(a) It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: (1) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment any individual or to discriminate against such individual in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of the individual's race, color, religious creed, age, sex, gender identity or expression, marital status, national origin, ancestry, present or past

2017Section 46a-60 provides in relevant part: "(a) It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: (1) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment any individual or to discriminate against such individual in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of the individual's race, color, religious creed, age, sex, gender identity or expression, marital status, national origin, ancestry, present or past

12
Parsons v. United Technologies Corp.green
conn · 1997 · cited in 2 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2007–2009
2 sentences

2009Section 46a-60 (a) provides in relevant part: “It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section ... (4) For any person, employer, labor organization or employment agency to discharge, expel or otherwise discriminate against any person because such person has opposed any discriminatory employment practice or because such person has filed a complaint or testified or assisted in any proceeding under section 46a-82, 46a-83 or 46a-84 . . . .” 10 “In Sheets v. Teddy’s Frosted Foods, Inc., [supra, 179 Conn. 480 ] . . . [our Supreme Court] sanctioned a common law cause of action for

2009Section 46a-60 (a) provides in relevant part: “It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section ... (4) For any person, employer, labor organization or employment agency to discharge, expel or otherwise discriminate against any person because such person has opposed any discriminatory employment practice or because such person has filed a complaint or testified or assisted in any proceeding under section 46a-82, 46a-83 or 46a-84 . . . .” 10 “In Sheets v. Teddy’s Frosted Foods, Inc., [supra, 179 Conn. 480 ] . . . [our Supreme Court] sanctioned a common law cause of action for

12
Orcutt v. Commissioner of Correctiongreen
conn · 2007 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
2 sentences

2024See Practice Book § 66-5; see also Orcutt v. Commissioner of Correction, 284 Conn. 724 , 739 n.25, 937 A.2d 656 (2007) (‘‘in the absence of an articula- tion . . . [an appellate court will] presume that the trial court acted prop- erly’’). 13 It is undisputed that the plaintiff is within a protected class under CFEPA due to her physical disability.

2024See Practice Book § 66-5; see also Orcutt v. Commissioner of Correction, 284 Conn. 724 , 739 n.25, 937 A.2d 656 (2007) (‘‘in the absence of an articula- tion . . . [an appellate court will] presume that the trial court acted prop- erly’’). 13 It is undisputed that the plaintiff is within a protected class under CFEPA due to her physical disability.

11
Commission on Human Rights & Opportunities v. Board of Educationgreen
conn · 2004 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022See Commis- sion on Human Rights & Opportunities v. Board of Education, 270 Conn. 665 , 711–12, 855 A.2d 212 (2004).

2022See Commis- sion on Human Rights & Opportunities v. Board of Education, 270 Conn. 665 , 711–12, 855 A.2d 212 (2004).

11
Graham v. Friedlandergreen
conn · 2020 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
1 sentence

2020See Graham v. Friedlander, 334 Conn. 564, 574 , 223 A.3d 796 (2020) (state law mandates exhaustion of administra- tive remedies where state law claims seek relief for denial of FAPE). 14 The plaintiff also argued that the defendants were barred by the doctrine of judicial estoppel from arguing that the plaintiff was required to exhaust his administrative remedies.

11
Hebrew Home & Hospital, Inc. v. Brewergreen
connappct · 2005 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
2 sentences

2018See Hebrew Home & Hospital, Inc. v. Brewer , 92 Conn. App. 762 , 770, 886 A.2d 1248 (2005).

2018See Hebrew Home & Hospital, Inc. v. Brewer , 92 Conn. App. 762 , 770, 886 A.2d 1248 (2005).

11
Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Healthgreen
conn · 2008 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2012–2012
2 sentences

2012See General Statutes § 1-2z. [16] We note that in Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Health, 289 Conn. 135, 165-69 , 957 A.2d 407 (2008), this court recognized that sexual orientation meets all of the requirements of a quasi-suspect classification under the Connecticut constitution and therefore sexual orientation is subject to the same heightened scrutiny as sex discrimination. [17] Section 46a-81r was repealed, effective April 23, 2009. [18] See Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Compliance Manual (CCH 2009) § 615, para. 3114(4), p. 3225.

2012See General Statutes § 1-2z. [16] We note that in Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Health, 289 Conn. 135, 165-69 , 957 A.2d 407 (2008), this court recognized that sexual orientation meets all of the requirements of a quasi-suspect classification under the Connecticut constitution and therefore sexual orientation is subject to the same heightened scrutiny as sex discrimination. [17] Section 46a-81r was repealed, effective April 23, 2009. [18] See Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Compliance Manual (CCH 2009) § 615, para. 3114(4), p. 3225.

11
Pollio v. Planning Commissiongreen
conn · 1995 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004
2 sentences

2004See Pollio v. Planning Commission, 232 Conn. 44, 55 , 652 A.2d 1026 (1995) ("[t]echnical amendments are not generally intended to effect substantive changes in the law"). [31] See footnote 16 of this opinion for the text of § 46a-86 (a). [32] General Statutes § 46a-60 provides: "(a) It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: "(1) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment any individual or to discriminate against suc

2004See Pollio v. Planning Commission, 232 Conn. 44, 55 , 652 A.2d 1026 (1995) ("[t]echnical amendments are not generally intended to effect substantive changes in the law"). [31] See footnote 16 of this opinion for the text of § 46a-86 (a). [32] General Statutes § 46a-60 provides: "(a) It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: "(1) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment any individual or to discriminate against suc

11
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc.green
scotus · 1998 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2001–2001
2 sentences

2001Both federal and state case law have interpreted the above cited federal and state legislation to preclude the creation and maintenance of a hostile work environment, which is created when "the workplace [is] . . . permeated with discriminatory intimidation, ridicule, and insult that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim's employment and create an abusive working environment." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Brittell v. Dept. of Correction, 247 Conn. 148 , 166-67 , 717 A.2d 1254 (1998); see also Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., 523 U.S. 75 ,

2001Both federal and state case law have interpreted the above cited federal and state legislation to preclude the creation and maintenance of a hostile work environment, which is created when "the workplace [is] . . . permeated with discriminatory intimidation, ridicule, and insult that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim's employment and create an abusive working environment." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Brittell v. Dept. of Correction, 247 Conn. 148 , 166-67 , 717 A.2d 1254 (1998); see also Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., 523 U.S. 75 ,

11
Water Pollution Control Authority v. Keeneygreen
conn · 1995 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2000–2000
2 sentences

2000See Water Pollution Control Authority v. Keeney, 234 Conn. 488 , 498 , 662 A.2d 124 (1995).

2000See Water Pollution Control Authority v. Keeney, 234 Conn. 488 , 498 , 662 A.2d 124 (1995).

11
Glastonbury Volunteer Ambulance Ass'n v. Freedom of Information Commissiongreen
conn · 1993 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1997–1997
11
Wroblewski v. Lexington Gardens, Inc.green
conn · 1982 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1986–1986
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (1)

CaseNegativeCited
Perez-Dickson v. City of Bridgeportgreen
conn · 2012 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
2 sentences

2022But see Perez-Dickson v. Bridgeport, 304 Conn. 483 , 514 n.34, 43 A.3d 69 (2012) (courts require showing that plaintiff is qualified for position only when it is germane to issues involved).

2022But see Perez-Dickson v. Bridgeport, 304 Conn. 483 , 514 n.34, 43 A.3d 69 (2012) (courts require showing that plaintiff is qualified for position only when it is germane to issues involved).

11

Also cited on this issue (24)

CaseCitedYears
Curry v. Allan S. Goodman, Inc. green
conn · 2008
2 sentences

2026Section 46a-60 (b) provides in relevant part: “It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section . . . (1) [f]or an employer, by the employer or the employer’s agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment any individual or to discriminate against any individual in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of the individual’s . . . present or past . . . physical disability . . . .” “[W]e review federal precedent concerning employment discriminatio

2026Section 46a-60 (b) provides in relevant part: “It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section . . . (1) [f]or an employer, by the employer or the employer’s agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment any individual or to discriminate against any individual in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of the individual’s . . . present or past . . . physical disability . . . .” “[W]e review federal precedent concerning employment discriminatio

12026–2026
McWeeny v. City of Hartford green
conn · 2008
2 sentences

2024We now turn to the language of § 46a-60 (b), which provides in relevant part: ‘‘It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section . . . (1) For an employer, by the employer or the employer’s agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualifica- tion or need, to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment any individual or to discriminate against any individual in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of the individual’s race, color, religious creed, age, sex, gender identity or expression, marital status, nat

2024We now turn to the language of § 46a-60 (b), which provides in relevant part: ‘‘It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section . . . (1) For an employer, by the employer or the employer’s agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualifica- tion or need, to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment any individual or to discriminate against any individual in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of the individual’s race, color, religious creed, age, sex, gender identity or expression, marital status, nat

12024–2024
Dubicki v. Dubicki green
conn · 1982
2 sentences

2022The alleged inaccuracies go to the weight of the forms, and we decline the defendant’s attempt to relitigate the case by asking this court to assess the weight of the documentary evidence at issue, which task is within the sole province of the trial court. ‘‘The weight given the evidence before it is within the sole province of the trial court.’’ Dubicki v. Dubicki, 186 Conn. 709, 713 , 443 A.2d 1268 (1982). 3 The defendant’s argument that there was insufficient evidence to support the court’s ultimate conclusion that she engaged in a discriminatory practice in violation of § 46a-64c (a) (1) b

2022The alleged inaccuracies go to the weight of the forms, and we decline the defendant’s attempt to relitigate the case by asking this court to assess the weight of the documentary evidence at issue, which task is within the sole province of the trial court. ‘‘The weight given the evidence before it is within the sole province of the trial court.’’ Dubicki v. Dubicki, 186 Conn. 709, 713 , 443 A.2d 1268 (1982). 3 The defendant’s argument that there was insufficient evidence to support the court’s ultimate conclusion that she engaged in a discriminatory practice in violation of § 46a-64c (a) (1) b

12022–2022
Farrar v. Town of Stratford green
ca2 · 2010
1 sentence

2018Conn. 2008), aff'd, 391 Fed.

12018–2018
Farrar v. Town of Stratford green
ctd · 2008
1 sentence

2018Section 46a-60 (a) provides in relevant part that "[i]t shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section ... (5) [f]or any person, whether an employer or an employee or not, to aid, abet, incite, compel or coerce the doing of any act declared to be a discriminatory employment practice or to attempt to do so ...." The court noted that in Connecticut, "an individual employee may be held liable for aiding and abetting his employer's discrimination; an employer [however] cannot be liable for aiding and abetting its own discriminatory conduct." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Far

12018–2018
Ayantola v. Board of Trustees of Technical Colleges green
connappct · 2009
2 sentences

2017"To establish a prima facie case of retaliation, a plaintiff must show four elements: (1) that [s]he participated in a protected activity; (2) that the defendant knew of *95 the protected activity; (3) an adverse employment action against [her]; and (4) a causal connection between the protected activity and the adverse employment action." Ayantola v. Board of Trustees of Technical Colleges , 116 Conn.App. 531 , 536, 976 A.2d 784 (2009).

2017"To establish a prima facie case of retaliation, a plaintiff must show four elements: (1) that [s]he participated in a protected activity; (2) that the defendant knew of *95 the protected activity; (3) an adverse employment action against [her]; and (4) a causal connection between the protected activity and the adverse employment action." Ayantola v. Board of Trustees of Technical Colleges , 116 Conn.App. 531 , 536, 976 A.2d 784 (2009).

12017–2017
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins red
scotus · 1989
2 sentences

2015In this opinion the other judges concurred. 1 At all relevant times, Kevin Trudelle was the business manager of the Norwich/Niantic center of United Parcel Service, Inc. We refer to United Parcel Service, Inc., individually, as the defendant, to Trudelle by name and to both parties collectively as the defendants. 2 General Statutes § 46a-60 (a) provides in relevant part: ‘‘It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: (1) For an employer, by the employer or the employer’s agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to refuse to hire or emp

2015In this opinion the other judges concurred. 1 At all relevant times, Kevin Trudelle was the business manager of the Norwich/Niantic center of United Parcel Service, Inc. We refer to United Parcel Service, Inc., individually, as the defendant, to Trudelle by name and to both parties collectively as the defendants. 2 General Statutes § 46a-60 (a) provides in relevant part: ‘‘It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: (1) For an employer, by the employer or the employer’s agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to refuse to hire or emp

12015–2015
Sturm v. Harb Development, LLC green
conn · 2010
2 sentences

2013As a result, [i]t is incumbent on a plaintiff to allege some recognizable cause of action in h[er] complaint. . . . [I]f the complaint puts the defendant on notice of the relevant claims, then a plaintiffs failure specifically to allege a particular fact or issue is not fatal to h[er] claim unless it results in prejudice to the defendant.” (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Sturm v. Harb Development, LLC, 298 Conn. 124, 130-31 , 2 A.3d 859 (2010).

2013As a result, [i]t is incumbent on a plaintiff to allege some recognizable cause of action in h[er] complaint. . . . [I]f the complaint puts the defendant on notice of the relevant claims, then a plaintiffs failure specifically to allege a particular fact or issue is not fatal to h[er] claim unless it results in prejudice to the defendant.” (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Sturm v. Harb Development, LLC, 298 Conn. 124, 130-31 , 2 A.3d 859 (2010).

12013–2013
Filippi v. Sullivan green
conn · 2005
2 sentences

2009See Practice Book § 10-30; Füippi v. Sullivan, 273 Conn. 1, 8 , 866 A.2d 599 (2005).

2009See Practice Book § 10-30; Füippi v. Sullivan, 273 Conn. 1, 8 , 866 A.2d 599 (2005).

12009–2009
Schoonmaker v. Lawrence Brunoli, Inc. green
conn · 2003
2 sentences

2008Schoonmaker v. Lawrence Brunoli, Inc., 265 Conn. 210, 252 , 828 A.2d 64 (2003).

2008Schoonmaker v. Lawrence Brunoli, Inc., 265 Conn. 210, 252 , 828 A.2d 64 (2003).

12008–2008
Southern New England Telephone Co. v. Department of Public Utility Control green
conn · 2005
2 sentences

2007That breach of contract action is not at issue in this appeal. [2] The court did not address the defendant's alternate grounds for summary judgment. [3] Entitled "Discriminatory employment practices prohibited," General Statutes ž 46a-60 provides in relevant part: "(a) It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: (1) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to . . . discharge from employment any individual . . . because of the individual's . . . age. . . ." [4] In the event that this c

2007That breach of contract action is not at issue in this appeal. [2] The court did not address the defendant's alternate grounds for summary judgment. [3] Entitled "Discriminatory employment practices prohibited," General Statutes ž 46a-60 provides in relevant part: "(a) It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: (1) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to . . . discharge from employment any individual . . . because of the individual's . . . age. . . ." [4] In the event that this c

12007–2007
Perez v. Commissioner of Correction green
conn · 2003
1 sentence

2006DeCorso v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 78 Conn. App. 865, 880 , 829 A.2d 38 , cert. denied, 266 Conn. 931 , 837 A.2d 805 (2003).

12006–2006
DeCorso v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc. green
conn · 2003
1 sentence

2006DeCorso v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 78 Conn. App. 865, 880 , 829 A.2d 38 , cert. denied, 266 Conn. 931 , 837 A.2d 805 (2003).

12006–2006
Decorso v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc. green
connappct · 2003
2 sentences

2006DeCorso v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 78 Conn. App. 865, 880 , 829 A.2d 38 , cert. denied, 266 Conn. 931 , 837 A.2d 805 (2003).

2006DeCorso v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 78 Conn. App. 865, 880 , 829 A.2d 38 , cert. denied, 266 Conn. 931 , 837 A.2d 805 (2003).

12006–2006
State v. Rivera green
conn · 1999
2 sentences

2002“To ascertain the commonly approved usage of a word, it is appropriate to look to the dictionary definition of the term.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Rivera, 250 Conn. 188 , 200 n.12, 736 A.2d 790 (1999).

2002“To ascertain the commonly approved usage of a word, it is appropriate to look to the dictionary definition of the term.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Rivera, 250 Conn. 188 , 200 n.12, 736 A.2d 790 (1999).

12002–2002
Commission on Human Rights & Opportunities v. Sullivan Associates green
conn · 1999
1 sentence

2002DISCUSSION General Statutes § 46a-64c provides, in parts pertinent to this case, that: "(a) It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section: (1) To refuse to sell or rent after the making of a bona fide offer, or to refuse to negotiate for the sale or rental of, or otherwise make unavailable or deny, a dwelling to any person because of race, creed, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, marital status, age, lawful source of income or familial status . . . (b) . . . (5) The provisions of this section with respect to the prohibition of discrimination on the basis of lawful sou

12002–2002
Brittell v. Department of Correction green
conn · 1998
2 sentences

2001Both federal and state case law have interpreted the above cited federal and state legislation to preclude the creation and maintenance of a hostile work environment, which is created when "the workplace [is] . . . permeated with discriminatory intimidation, ridicule, and insult that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim's employment and create an abusive working environment." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Brittell v. Dept. of Correction, 247 Conn. 148 , 166-67 , 717 A.2d 1254 (1998); see also Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., 523 U.S. 75 ,

2001Both federal and state case law have interpreted the above cited federal and state legislation to preclude the creation and maintenance of a hostile work environment, which is created when "the workplace [is] . . . permeated with discriminatory intimidation, ridicule, and insult that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim's employment and create an abusive working environment." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Brittell v. Dept. of Correction, 247 Conn. 148 , 166-67 , 717 A.2d 1254 (1998); see also Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., 523 U.S. 75 ,

12001–2001
James G. CARIDDI, Appellant, v. KANSAS CITY CHIEFS FOOTBALL CLUB, INC., and Robert M. Wachter, Appellees green
ca8 · 1977
1 sentence

2001Both federal and state case law have interpreted the above cited federal and state legislation to preclude the creation and maintenance of a hostile work environment, which is created when "the workplace [is] . . . permeated with discriminatory intimidation, ridicule, and insult that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim's employment and create an abusive working environment." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Brittell v. Dept. of Correction, 247 Conn. 148 , 166-67 , 717 A.2d 1254 (1998); see also Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., 523 U.S. 75 ,

12001–2001
Commission on Human Rights & Opportunities v. Truelove & MacLean, Inc. green
conn · 1996
12000–2000
Atkins v. Bridgeport Hydraulic Co. green
connappct · 1985
11998–1998
Medley v. Commissioner of Correction green
conn · 1994
11996–1996
In re Felicia D. green
conn · 1994
11996–1996
Sullivan v. Board of Police Commissioners green
conn · 1985
11992–1992
Griswold v. Union Labor Life Insurance green
conn · 1982
11991–1991

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-60 (21) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-51 (18) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-82 (12) USC § 42u.s.c.2000e (6) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-2z (5) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 4-183 (5) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-58 (5) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-64c (5) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-100 (4) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-86 (4) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-199 (4) USC § 42u.s.c.12101 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CT 34 (1986–2026) CA 2 (1991–2001)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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