24 California opinions name it 2 courts 2004–2026 8 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
M v. v. Superior Courtgreen2 sentences2025But this inquiry does not require the court to schedule a .26 hearing (‘the court may schedule a hearing’). [Citations.] Instead, it authorizes the court to set such a hearing if the required findings have been made.” (M.V., supra, 167 Cal.App.4th at pp. 175–176; see also F.K., supra, 100 Cal.App.5th at pp. 934–935.) “The second determination called for by the third paragraph of section 366.21, subdivision (e), protects parents and guardians against premature .26 hearings. 2024Thus, if “the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the parent failed to participate regularly and make substantive progress in a court-ordered treatment plan, the court may schedule a hearing pursuant to Section 366.26 within 120 days.” (§ 366.21, subd. (e)(3), italics added.) “Section 366.21, subdivision (e), places discretion in the hands of the trial court as to whether to schedule a hearing to terminate parental rights.” (M.V. v. Superior Court (2008) 167 Cal.App.4th 166, 179 (M.V.).) “At the six-month review, the court has discretion to continue the case and forebear from sch | 4 | 8 |
TONYA M. v. Superior Courtgreen2 sentences2026(See id. [reversing based on insufficient evidence of lesser alternatives where neither the Agency nor the juvenile court considered ordering the mother to leave the home as the children’s counsel had requested].) 4 The amount of time a child under three years old spends out of the parent’s custody is particularly important because for such young children the court may schedule a hearing to address termination of parental rights as early as six months after the initial disposition hearing or 12 months after the child entered foster care, whichever is earlier. (§ 366.21, subd. (e)(1), (3); see 2024(Tonya M. v. Superior Court (2007) 42 Cal.4th 836, 843 .) This is because the “ ‘ “unique developmental needs of infants and toddlers” ’ [citation] justif[y] a greater emphasis on establishing permanency and stability earlier in the dependency process.” (M.V. v. Superior Court (2008) 167 Cal.App.4th 166, 175 (M.V.).) Thus, if “the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the parent failed to participate regularly and make substantive progress in a court- ordered treatment plan, the court may schedule a hearing pursuant to Section 366.26 within 120 days.” (§ 366.21, subd. (e)(3).) Howe | 2 | 5 |
S.T. v. Superior Courtgreen2 sentences2024Thus, if “the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the parent failed to participate regularly and make substantive progress in a court-ordered treatment plan, the court may schedule a hearing pursuant to Section 366.26 within 120 days.” (§ 366.21, subd. (e)(3), italics added.) “Section 366.21, subdivision (e), places discretion in the hands of the trial court as to whether to schedule a hearing to terminate parental rights.” (M.V. v. Superior Court (2008) 167 Cal.App.4th 166, 179 (M.V.).) “At the six-month review, the court has discretion to continue the case and forebear from sch 2014(M.V., at p. 176; see also S.T. v. Superior Court (2009) 177 Cal.App.4th 1009, 1015-1016 .) If the court at the six-month review hearing exercises its discretion to set a .26 hearing within 120 days, it must terminate reunification services at that time: “In any case in which the court orders that a hearing pursuant to Section failed to participate regularly and make substantive progress in a court-ordered treatment plan, the court may schedule a hearing pursuant to Section 366.26 within 120 days. | 2 | 2 |
In Re Jessegreen2 sentences2013But this inquiry does not require the court to schedule a .26 hearing (‘the court may schedule a hearing’). (§ 366.21, subd. (e), italics added; see In re Jesse W. (2007) 157 Cal.App.4th 49, 62 [ 68 Cal.Rptr.3d 435 ] [‘The statute makes clear that the court has discretion to set a section 366.26 hearing at the six-month review hearing under specified circumstances . . . .’ (italics added)].) Instead, it authorizes the court to set such a hearing.if the required findings have been made.” (M.V., supra, 167 Cal.App.4th at pp. 175-176.) “The second determination called for by the third paragraph o 2013But this inquiry does not require the court to schedule a .26 hearing (‘the court may schedule a hearing’). (§ 366.21, subd. (e), italics added; see In re Jesse W. (2007) 157 Cal.App.4th 49, 62 [ 68 Cal.Rptr.3d 435 ] [‘The statute makes clear that the court has discretion to set a section 366.26 hearing at the six-month review hearing under specified circumstances . . . .’ (italics added)].) Instead, it authorizes the court to set such a hearing.if the required findings have been made.” (M.V., supra, 167 Cal.App.4th at pp. 175-176.) “The second determination called for by the third paragraph o | 2 | 2 |
JESSICA A. v. Superior Courtgreen2 sentences2007(See In re Christina A., supra, 91 Cal.App.4th at p. 1160 .) The question whether to return the child to parental custody properly focuses on the well-being of the child at the time of the review hearing: “[Placement must continue regardless of whether that detriment mirrors the harm which had required the child’s removal from parental custody.” (In re Joseph B. (1996) 42 Cal.App.4th 890, 900 [ 49 Cal.Rptr.2d 900 ].) Different rules apply at the six-month hearing stage if the dependent child was under the age of three on the date of the initial removal: “If ... the court finds by clear and con 2007(See In re Christina A., supra, 91 Cal.App.4th at p. 1160 .) The question whether to return the child to parental custody properly focuses on the well-being of the child at the time of the review hearing: “[Placement must continue regardless of whether that detriment mirrors the harm which had required the child’s removal from parental custody.” (In re Joseph B. (1996) 42 Cal.App.4th 890, 900 [ 49 Cal.Rptr.2d 900 ].) Different rules apply at the six-month hearing stage if the dependent child was under the age of three on the date of the initial removal: “If ... the court finds by clear and con | 2 | 2 |
Fabian L. v. Superior Courtgreen2 sentences2024If, however, the court finds there is a substantial probability that the child . . . may be returned to his or her parent or legal guardian within six months or that reasonable services have not been provided, the court shall continue the case to the 12-month permanency hearing.’ (§ 366.21, subd. (e), italics added.)” (M.V. v. Superior Court (2008) 167 Cal.App.4th 166, 175 .) “Reunification services for incarcerated parents are specifically governed by section 361.5, subdivision (e)(1), which provides, ‘the court shall order reasonable services unless the court determines, by clear and convinc 2021(Fabian L. v. Superior Court (2013) 214 Cal.App.4th 1018, 1028 .) Here, substantial evidence—indeed, overwhelming evidence— supported the court’s finding that Father failed to participate regularly and make substantive progress in his treatment plan. | 1 | 4 |
In Re Monique S.green2 sentences2005If the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the parent has been convicted of a felony indicating parental unfitness, the court may schedule a hearing pursuant to Section 366.26 within 120 days." This paragraph was interpreted in In re Monique S. (1993) 21 Cal.App.4th 677 , 25 Cal.Rptr.2d 863 ( Monique S. ). 2005If the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the parent has been convicted of a felony indicating parental unfitness, the court may schedule a hearing pursuant to Section 366.26 within 120 days." This paragraph was interpreted in In re Monique S. (1993) 21 Cal.App.4th 677 , 25 Cal.Rptr.2d 863 ( Monique S. ). | 1 | 2 |
In Re Joseph B.green2 sentences2007(See In re Christina A., supra, 91 Cal.App.4th at p. 1160 .) The question whether to return the child to parental custody properly focuses on the well-being of the child at the time of the review hearing: “[Placement must continue regardless of whether that detriment mirrors the harm which had required the child’s removal from parental custody.” (In re Joseph B. (1996) 42 Cal.App.4th 890, 900 [ 49 Cal.Rptr.2d 900 ].) Different rules apply at the six-month hearing stage if the dependent child was under the age of three on the date of the initial removal: “If ... the court finds by clear and con 2007(See In re Christina A., supra, 91 Cal.App.4th at p. 1160 .) The question whether to return the child to parental custody properly focuses on the well-being of the child at the time of the review hearing: “[Placement must continue regardless of whether that detriment mirrors the harm which had required the child’s removal from parental custody.” (In re Joseph B. (1996) 42 Cal.App.4th 890, 900 [ 49 Cal.Rptr.2d 900 ].) Different rules apply at the six-month hearing stage if the dependent child was under the age of three on the date of the initial removal: “If ... the court finds by clear and con | 1 | 2 |
San Joaquin Human Services Agency v. Superior Courtgreen1 sentence2025Notwithstanding any findings made pursuant to the first determination, the court shall not set a .26 hearing if it finds either[:] (1) ‘there is a substantial probability that the child . . . may be returned to his or her parent . . . within six months . . .’; or (2) ‘reasonable services have not been provided . . .’ to the parent. (§ 366.21, subd. (e).) In other words, the court must continue the case to the 12-month review if it makes either of these findings.” (M.V., supra, 167 Cal.App.4th at p. 176 ; see also F.K., supra, 100 Cal.App.5th at pp. 934–935.) “We review the juvenile court’s fin | 1 | 1 |
Artal v. Allengreen1 sentence2020(See Artal, supra, 111 Cal.App.4th at p. 275, fn. 2 .) 29 full drug and alcohol program,” this purported misconduct on the part of DCFS has no bearing on the propriety of the juvenile court’s active efforts finding. | 1 | 1 |
Sara M. v. Superior Courtgreen2 sentences2008In Sara M., the California Supreme Court upheld the validity of the predecessor to mle 5.710(f)(1)(B), which authorizes courts to set a .26 hearing at the six-month review if it “finds by clear and convincing evidence that the parent has not had contact with the child for six months.” (Cal. Rules of Court, former mle 1460(f)(1)(B); see Sara M., supra, 36 Cal.4th at pp. 1008-1017.) This mle is based on the text of section 366.21, subdivision (e): “If the child was removed initially under subdivision (g) of Section 300 and the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the whereabouts of 2008In Sara M., the California Supreme Court upheld the validity of the predecessor to mle 5.710(f)(1)(B), which authorizes courts to set a .26 hearing at the six-month review if it “finds by clear and convincing evidence that the parent has not had contact with the child for six months.” (Cal. Rules of Court, former mle 1460(f)(1)(B); see Sara M., supra, 36 Cal.4th at pp. 1008-1017.) This mle is based on the text of section 366.21, subdivision (e): “If the child was removed initially under subdivision (g) of Section 300 and the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the whereabouts of | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
DAWNEL D. v. Superior Court
green
2 sentences2013(Dawnel D. v. Superior Court (1999) 74 Cal.App.4th 393, 398 , disapproved on other grounds in Tonya M. v. Superior Court (2007) 42 Cal.4th 836, 848 .) 5 domestic violence issues involving Mother and Father. 2004If, however, the court finds there is a substantial probability that the child . . . may be returned to his or her parent or legal guardian within six months or that reasonable services have not been provided, the court shall continue the case to the 12-month permanency hearing.” In Dawnel D. v. Superior Court, supra, 74 Cal.App.4th at page 398 , the court noted: “At the six-month review hearing for a child who was under the age of three when she was initially removed from her parent’s custody, the court must determine if ‘there is a substantial probability that the child . . . may be returned | 2 | 2004–2013 |
Jennifer A. v. Superior Court
green
2 sentences2013(Jennifer A. v. Superior Court (2004) 117 Cal.App.4th 1322 , 1343–1345.) Thus, the issue before us is whether Mother made substantive progress in alleviating the causes that led to the children being placed in foster care—namely, the 4 The statutory language provides: “If the child was under three years of age on the date of the initial removal, or is a member of a sibling group described in subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 361.5, and the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the parent failed to participate regularly and make substantive progress in 2013(Jennifer A. v. Superior Court (2004) 117 Cal.App.4th 1322, 1341 ; Sheila S. v. Superior Court (2000) 84 Cal.App.4th 872, 880-881 .) "We must view the evidence in the light most favorable to [CWS] and indulge all legitimate and reasonable inferences to uphold the [finding]. [Citation.]" (Mark N. v. Superior Court (1998) 60 Cal.App.4th 996, 1010 .) Substantial Evidence Supports the Juvenile Court's Finding Substantial evidence supports the juvenile court's finding that mother failed to participate regularly and make substantive progress in the treatment of her drug dependency. | 2 | 2013–2013 |
In Re Christina A.
green
2 sentences2007(See In re Christina A., supra, 91 Cal.App.4th at p. 1160 , 111 Cal.Rptr.2d 310 .) [12] The question whether to return the child to parental custody properly focuses on the well-being of the child at the time of the review hearing: "[Placement must continue regardless of whether that detriment mirrors the harm which had required the child's removal from parental custody." ( In re Joseph B. (1996) 42 Cal.App.4th 890, 900 , 49 Cal. Rptr.2d 900 .) [13] Different rules apply at the six-month hearing stage if the dependent child was under the age of three on the date of the initial removal: "If . . 2007(See In re Christina A., supra, 91 Cal.App.4th at p. 1160 .) The question whether to return the child to parental custody properly focuses on the well-being of the child at the time of the review hearing: “[Placement must continue regardless of whether that detriment mirrors the harm which had required the child’s removal from parental custody.” (In re Joseph B. (1996) 42 Cal.App.4th 890, 900 [ 49 Cal.Rptr.2d 900 ].) Different rules apply at the six-month hearing stage if the dependent child was under the age of three on the date of the initial removal: “If ... the court finds by clear and con | 2 | 2007–2007 |
J.H. v. Superior Court of San Luis Obispo Cnty.
green
1 sentence2025(J.H. v. Superior Court (2018) 20 Cal.App.5th 530, 535 .) “When reviewing a finding that a fact has been proved by clear and convincing evidence, the question before the appellate court is whether the record as a whole contains substantial evidence from which a reasonable fact finder could have found it highly probable that the fact was true.” (Conservatorship of O.B. (2020) 9 Cal.5th 989 , 1011.) Here, Baby Boy R. was removed from mother’s care because of her struggles with mental health and substance abuse. | 1 | 2025–2025 |
SHEILA S. v. Superior Court
green
1 sentence2013(Jennifer A. v. Superior Court (2004) 117 Cal.App.4th 1322, 1341 ; Sheila S. v. Superior Court (2000) 84 Cal.App.4th 872, 880-881 .) "We must view the evidence in the light most favorable to [CWS] and indulge all legitimate and reasonable inferences to uphold the [finding]. [Citation.]" (Mark N. v. Superior Court (1998) 60 Cal.App.4th 996, 1010 .) Substantial Evidence Supports the Juvenile Court's Finding Substantial evidence supports the juvenile court's finding that mother failed to participate regularly and make substantive progress in the treatment of her drug dependency. | 1 | 2013–2013 |
Mark N. v. Superior Court of L.A. Cty.
green
1 sentence2013(Jennifer A. v. Superior Court (2004) 117 Cal.App.4th 1322, 1341 ; Sheila S. v. Superior Court (2000) 84 Cal.App.4th 872, 880-881 .) "We must view the evidence in the light most favorable to [CWS] and indulge all legitimate and reasonable inferences to uphold the [finding]. [Citation.]" (Mark N. v. Superior Court (1998) 60 Cal.App.4th 996, 1010 .) Substantial Evidence Supports the Juvenile Court's Finding Substantial evidence supports the juvenile court's finding that mother failed to participate regularly and make substantive progress in the treatment of her drug dependency. | 1 | 2013–2013 |
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.