constitutional harmless error (Kansas) · Go Syfert
← Kansas issues

constitutional harmless error in Kansas

139 Kansas opinions name it 2 courts 1996–2026 53 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Kansas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (34)

CaseFollowedCited
Chapman v. Californiared
scotus · 1967 · cited in 59 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2005–2026
2 sentences

2026In doing so, we apply the constitutional harmless error inquiry set forth in Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 87 S. Ct. 824 , 17 L.

2026In doing so, we apply the constitutional harmless error inquiry set forth in Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 87 S. Ct. 824 , 17 L.

1059
State v. Wardgreen
kan · 2011 · cited in 41 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2011–2026
2 sentences

2024Alternatively, the State argues that even if the district 9 court erred by refusing to consider Dixon's new durational departure motion at his resentencing hearing, the district court's error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt under the constitutional harmless error standard explained in State v. Ward, 292 Kan. 541 , 256 P.3d 801 (2011).

2024Alternatively, the State argues that even if the district 9 court erred by refusing to consider Dixon's new durational departure motion at his resentencing hearing, the district court's error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt under the constitutional harmless error standard explained in State v. Ward, 292 Kan. 541 , 256 P.3d 801 (2011).

741
State v. Kinggreen
kan · 2013 · cited in 7 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2026
2 sentences

2026"When a defendant's right to be present is violated, an appellate court determines whether the error requires reversal by applying the constitutional harmless error standard." State v. Corey, 304 Kan. 721, 740 , 374 P.3d 654 (2016); see State v. King, 297 Kan. 955, 968 , 305 P.3d 641 (2013).

2026"When a defendant's right to be present is violated, an appellate court determines whether the error requires reversal by applying the constitutional harmless error standard." State v. Corey, 304 Kan. 721, 740 , 374 P.3d 654 (2016); see State v. King, 297 Kan. 955, 968 , 305 P.3d 641 (2013).

77
State v. Bridgesgreen
kan · 2013 · cited in 6 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2017
2 sentences

2015In conducting this analysis, the standard of constitutional harmlessness must be met to avoid a finding of reversible error. 298 Kan. at 1050-51 ; see also State v. Bridges, 297 Kan. 989, 1012-13 , 306 P.3d 244 (2013) (once the State meets the higher constitutional harmless error standard, the lower statutory standard in K.S.A. 60-261 is necessarily met).

2015In conducting this analysis, the standard of constitutional harmlessness must be met to avoid a finding of reversible error. 298 Kan. at 1050-51 ; see also State v. Bridges, 297 Kan. 989, 1012-13 , 306 P.3d 244 (2013) (once the State meets the higher constitutional harmless error standard, the lower statutory standard in K.S.A. 60-261 is necessarily met).

66
State v. Trujillogreen
kan · 2013 · cited in 7 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2013–2015
2 sentences

2015In State v. Trujillo, 296 Kan. 625, 631 , 294 P.3d 281 (2013), after noting both the pre-Williams and Williams statements of the test, the court said that it did “not discern a practical difference between the stated tests.” Accordingly, the court said that it had “opt[ed] to omit the heal possibility’ language to avoid any confu sion with the constitutional harmless error test,” which provides that an error is harmless “where there is no reasonable possibility that the error contributed to the verdict.” 296 Kan. at 631 .

2015In State v. Trujillo, 296 Kan. 625, 631 , 294 P.3d 281 (2013), after noting both the pre-Williams and Williams statements of the test, the court said that it did “not discern a practical difference between the stated tests.” Accordingly, the court said that it had “opt[ed] to omit the heal possibility’ language to avoid any confu sion with the constitutional harmless error test,” which provides that an error is harmless “where there is no reasonable possibility that the error contributed to the verdict.” 296 Kan. at 631 .

57
State v. Santos-Vegagreen
kan · 2014 · cited in 6 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2021
2 sentences

2015See State v. King, 297 Kan. 955, 979-80 , 305 P.3d 641 (2013); see also State v. Trujillo, 296 Kan. 625, 631 , 294 P.3d 281 (2013) (noting court’s decision to omit the ‘real possibility’ language from Voyles test to avoid confusion with the constitutional harmless error test).” Santos-Vega, 299 Kan. at 18 .’ State v. De La Torre, 300 Kan. 591, 596 , 331 P.3d 815 (2014).” State v. Castleberry, 301 Kan. 170, 185-86 , 339 P.3d 795 (2014).

2014See State v. King, 297 Kan. 955, 979-80 , 305 P.3d 641 (2013); see also State v. Trujillo, 296 Kan. 625, 631 , 294 P.3d 281 (2013) (noting court’s decision to omit the “real possibility” language from Voyles test to avoid confusion with the constitutional harmless error test).’ Santos-Vega, 299 Kan. at 18 .” State v. De La Torre, 300 Kan. 591, 596 , 331 P.3d 815 , (2014).

46
State v. Lowrancegreen
kan · 2013 · cited in 3 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
2 sentences

2016See State v. Lowrance, 298 Kan. 274, 282 , 312 P.3d 328 (2013) (when State meets constitutional harmlessness test it necessarily also meets lower statutory harmlessness test as well).

2016See State v. Lowrance, 298 Kan. 274, 282 , 312 P.3d 328 (2013) (when State meets constitutional harmlessness test it necessarily also meets lower statutory harmlessness test as well).

33
State v. Bolze-Sanngreen
kan · 2015 · cited in 5 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2016–2021
2 sentences

2020"Under the constitutional harmless error standard, we may declare an error harmless only if '"the party benefitting from the error proves beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of will not or did not affect the outcome of the trial in light of the entire record, i.e., where there is no reasonable possibility that the error contributed to 8 the verdict."' [State v.] Verser, 299 Kan. [776,] 789[, 326 P.3d 1046 (2014)] (quoting [State v.] Ward, 292 Kan. 541 , Syl ¶ 6[, 256 P.3d 801 2011 ]). " Bolze-Sann, 302 Kan. at 216 .

2017As in State v. Bolze-Sann, 302 Kan. 198, 216 , 352 P.3d 511 (2015), "[b]ecause we agree with the State that the error was harmless, we will also move directly to a harmless error review." Therefore, we will assume error and apply the constitutional harmless error standard from Chapman v. 25 California, 386 U.S. 18 , 87 S. Ct. 824 , 17 L.

25
State v. De La Torregreen
kan · 2014 · cited in 2 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2015
2 sentences

2015See State v. King, 297 Kan. 955, 979-80 , 305 P.3d 641 (2013); see also State v. Trujillo, 296 Kan. 625, 631 , 294 P.3d 281 (2013) (noting court’s decision to omit the ‘real possibility’ language from Voyles test to avoid confusion with the constitutional harmless error test).” Santos-Vega, 299 Kan. at 18 .’ State v. De La Torre, 300 Kan. 591, 596 , 331 P.3d 815 (2014).” State v. Castleberry, 301 Kan. 170, 185-86 , 339 P.3d 795 (2014).

2015See State v. King, 297 Kan. 955, 979-80 , 305 P.3d 641 (2013); see also State v. Trujillo, 296 Kan. 625, 631 , 294 P.3d 281 (2013) (noting court’s decision to omit the ‘real possibility’ language from Voyles test to avoid confusion with the constitutional harmless error test).” Santos-Vega, 299 Kan. at 18 .’ State v. De La Torre, 300 Kan. 591, 596 , 331 P.3d 815 (2014).” State v. Castleberry, 301 Kan. 170, 185-86 , 339 P.3d 795 (2014).

22
Bingham v. United Statesgreen
scotus · 2012 · cited in 11 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2013–2016
2 sentences

2014Under the constitutional harmless error analysis defined in Chapman , “ ‘tire error may be declared harmless where the party benefitting from the error proves beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of will not or did not affect the outcome of the trial in light of the entire record, i.e., where there is no reasonable possibility that the error contributed to the verdict.’ State v. Ward, 292 Kan. 541 , Syl. ¶ 6, 256 P.3d 801 (2011), cert. denied 132 S. Ct. 1594 (2012).

2014“Under the constitutional harmless error analysis defined in Chapman , ‘the error may be declared harmless where the party benefitting from the error proves beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of will not or did not affect the outcome of the trial in light of the entire record, i.e., where there is no reasonable possibility that the error contributed to the verdict.’ State v. Ward, 292 Kan. 541 , Syl. ¶ 6, 256 P.3d 801 (2011), cert. denied 132 S. Ct. 1594 (2012).

111
State v. Thorntongreen
kan · 2021 · cited in 4 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2026
2 sentences

2026See State v. Thornton, 312 Kan. 829 , 832, 481 P.3d 1212 (2021).

2026State v. Thornton, 312 Kan. 829 , 832, 481 P.3d 1212 (2021) (applying constitutional harmless error standard to evidence obtained in violation of Fourth Amendment).

14
State v. Gallegosgreen
kan · 2021 · cited in 2 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2025–2026
2 sentences

2026State v. Gallegos, 313 Kan. 262 , 273, 485 P.3d 622 (2021).

2025See State v. Gallegos, 313 Kan. 262 , 277, 485 P.3d 622 (2021) (issues not adequately briefed are deemed waived or abandoned). 21 The Kansas Supreme Court routinely reviews violations of the right to be present at a critical stage of the proceedings under the constitutional harmless error standard.

12
State v. Bowengreen
kan · 2014 · cited in 2 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2020
2 sentences

2020See State v. Bowen, 299 Kan. 339, 357 , 323 P.3d 853 (2014).

2020See State v. Bowen, 299 Kan. 339, 357 , 323 P.3d 853 (2014).

12
Maryland v. Craiggreen
scotus · 1990 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025When the time comes, I caution this court against applying any form of "'interest balancing'" where the constitutional text "simply does not permit it," as "[w]e are not free to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of clear and explicit constitutional guarantees, and then to adjust their meaning to comport with our findings." 497 U.S. at 870 (Scalia, J., dissenting). 58 Despite my disagreement with the majority's decision to decline to explore this paramount question, were we to conclude that admission of Zaitshik's remote testimony did violate Younger's section 10 right to a face-to-face confronta

11
Ramos v. Louisianagreen
scotus · 2020 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025
1 sentence

2025We note that Wabaunsee argues that we should apply a constitutional harmless error test—which requires a party benefitting from an error to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the error did not affect the outcome of the trial—based on the United States Supreme Court's holding in Ramos that the constitutional right to a unanimous jury verdict applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. 590 U.S. at 93.

11
State v. Andrewgreen
kan · 2014 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024See State v. Andrew, 301 Kan. 36, 46-47 , 340 P.3d 476 (2014).

11
State v. Andrewgreen
kan · 2014 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2024–2024
1 sentence

2024See State v. Andrew, 301 Kan. 36, 46-47 , 340 P.3d 476 (2014).

11
Carella v. Californiagreen
scotus · 1989 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2022–2022
11
– State v. Williams –green
kan · 2020 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
11
State v. Lewisgreen
kan · 2014 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
11
State v. Conwaygreen
kan · 2007 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2021–2021
11
Ward v. Kansasgreen
scotus · 2012 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
11
Alexander v. Stategreen
miss · 1999 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2020–2020
11
State v. Robinsongreen
kan · 2018 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
11
State v. Armstronggreen
kan · 2014 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2018–2018
11
State v. Herbelgreen
kan · 2013 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016
11
State v. Castleberrygreen
kan · 2014 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Rushen v. Spaingreen
scotus · 1983 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2015–2015
11
Palmer v. Hendricksgreen
ca3 · 2010 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2014–2014
11
Milton v. Farwell, Wardengreen
scotus · 2004 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
State v. Danielsgreen
kan · 2004 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010
11
Chambers v. Mississippigreen
scotus · 1973 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
State v. Lackeygreen
kan · 2005 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2007–2007
11
Crawford v. Washingtongreen
scotus · 2004 · cited in 1 Kansas opinions naming this issue, 2005–2005
11

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

CaseNegativeCited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Kansas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (43)

CaseCitedYears
Seymour v. United States green
scotus · 1967
2 sentences

2012As stated in State v. Ward, 292 Kan. 541, 569 , 256 P.3d 801 (2011): "If the fundamental failure does infringe upon a right guaranteed by the United States Constitution, the trial court should apply the constitutional harmless error analysis defined in Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 87 S.Ct. 824 , 17 L.Ed.2d 705 , reh. denied 386 U.S. 987 [ 87 S.Ct. 1283 , 18 L.Ed.2d 241 ] (1967), in which case the error may be declared harmless where the party benefitting from the error proves beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of will not or did not affect the outcome of the trial in l

2011If the fundamental failure does infringe upon a right guaranteed by the United States Constitution, the trial court should apply the constitutional harmless error analysis defined in Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 87 S.Ct. 824 , 17 L.Ed.2d 705 , reh. denied 386 U.S. 987 , 87 S.Ct. 1283 , 18 L.Ed.2d 241 (1967), in which case the error may be declared harmless where the party benefitting from the error proves beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of will not or did not affect the outcome of the trial in light of the entire record, i.e., proves there is no reasonable possibili

182005–2026
Neder v. United States green
scotus · 1999
2 sentences

2026Our Supreme Court found that this error was analogous to failing to submit an element of a charged crime to the jury and, because it was not a structural error, it was subject to the constitutional harmless error test from Neder v. United States, 527 U.S. 1, 17 , 119 S. Ct. 1827 , 144 L.

2026Our Supreme Court found that this error was analogous to failing to submit an element of a charged crime to the jury and, because it was not a structural error, it was subject to the constitutional harmless error test from Neder v. United States, 527 U.S. 1, 17 , 119 S. Ct. 1827 , 144 L.

42004–2026
Berger v. New York green
scotus · 1967
2 sentences

2012As stated in State v. Ward, 292 Kan. 541, 569 , 256 P.3d 801 (2011): "If the fundamental failure does infringe upon a right guaranteed by the United States Constitution, the trial court should apply the constitutional harmless error analysis defined in Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 87 S.Ct. 824 , 17 L.Ed.2d 705 , reh. denied 386 U.S. 987 [ 87 S.Ct. 1283 , 18 L.Ed.2d 241 ] (1967), in which case the error may be declared harmless where the party benefitting from the error proves beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of will not or did not affect the outcome of the trial in l

2011If the fundamental failure does infringe upon a right guaranteed by the United States Constitution, the trial court should apply the constitutional harmless error analysis defined in Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 , 87 S.Ct. 824 , 17 L.Ed.2d 705 , reh. denied 386 U.S. 987 , 87 S.Ct. 1283 , 18 L.Ed.2d 241 (1967), in which case the error may be declared harmless where the party benefitting from the error proves beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of will not or did not affect the outcome of the trial in light of the entire record, i.e., proves there is no reasonable possibili

42011–2026
State v. Verser green
kan · 2014
2 sentences

2020"Under the constitutional harmless error standard, we may declare an error harmless only if '"the party benefitting from the error proves beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of will not or did not affect the outcome of the trial in light of the entire record, i.e., where there is no reasonable possibility that the error contributed to 8 the verdict."' [State v.] Verser, 299 Kan. [776,] 789[, 326 P.3d 1046 (2014)] (quoting [State v.] Ward, 292 Kan. 541 , Syl ¶ 6[, 256 P.3d 801 2011 ]). " Bolze-Sann, 302 Kan. at 216 .

2016See 302 Kan. at 216 . *768 As we recently said: “Under the constitutional harmless error standard, we may declare an error harmless only if "’tire party benefitting from the error proves beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of will not or did not affect the outcome of the trial in light of the entire record, i.e., where there is no reasonable possibility that the error contributed to the verdict.’ ” Verser, 299 Kan. at 789 (quoting Ward, 292 Kan. 541 , Syl. ¶ 6); see Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 22-23 , 87 S. Ct. 824 , 17 L.

42015–2020
State v. Corey green
kan · 2016
2 sentences

2026"When a defendant's right to be present is violated, an appellate court determines whether the error requires reversal by applying the constitutional harmless error standard." State v. Corey, 304 Kan. 721, 740 , 374 P.3d 654 (2016); see State v. King, 297 Kan. 955, 968 , 305 P.3d 641 (2013).

2026"When a defendant's right to be present is violated, an appellate court determines whether the error requires reversal by applying the constitutional harmless error standard." State v. Corey, 304 Kan. 721, 740 , 374 P.3d 654 (2016); see State v. King, 297 Kan. 955, 968 , 305 P.3d 641 (2013).

32021–2026
State v. Thomas green
kan · 2020
2 sentences

2024Where, as here, the State benefitted from the errors, it has the burden of establishing the errors were harmless.' State v. Thomas, 311 Kan. 905 , 914, 468 P.3d 323 (2020)." State v. Brown, 316 Kan. 154 , 172-73, 513 P.3d 1207 (2022).

2022Where, as here, the State benefitted from the errors, it has the burden of establishing the errors were harmless." State v. Thomas, 311 Kan. 905 , 914, 468 P.3d 323 (2020).

32022–2024
State v. Kleypas green
kan · 2001
2 sentences

2017In Kleypas, this court recognized the "subtle differences" between applying the constitutional harmless error test to prosecutorial misconduct during the guilt phase proceeding and during the penalty-phase proceeding. 272 Kan. at 1084 .

2017In Kleypas, we noted "subtle differences" between applying the constitutional harmless error test to prosecutorial misconduct during the guilt-phase proceeding and the penalty-phase proceeding. 272 Kan. at 1084-88 .

32005–2017
State v. Brown green
kan · 2022
2 sentences

2026Where a defendant's constitutional right to a fair trial is implicated, an error must be assessed under the constitutional harmless error standard which asks whether "the State can demonstrate 'beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of will not or did not affect the outcome of the trial in light of the entire record.'" State v. Brown, 316 Kan. 154 , 164, 513 P.3d 1207 (2022); see also Carr, 314 Kan. at 773.

2024Where, as here, the State benefitted from the errors, it has the burden of establishing the errors were harmless.' State v. Thomas, 311 Kan. 905 , 914, 468 P.3d 323 (2020)." State v. Brown, 316 Kan. 154 , 172-73, 513 P.3d 1207 (2022).

22024–2026
State v. Plummer green
kan · 2012
2 sentences

2024Specifically, Boone claims he had a right to a jury trial under the Sixth Amendment and a right to due process under the Fifth Amendment, which were violated when Ivener testified as to his credibility—an issue for jury determination. 9 Under the higher constitutional harmless error standard, the State bears the burden to establish "'beyond a reasonable doubt that there was no impact on the trial's outcome, i.e., there is no reasonable possibility that the error contributed to the verdict.'" State v. Plummer, 295 Kan. 156, 162 , 283 P.3d 202 (2012); State v. Ward, 292 Kan. 541, 565 , 256 P.3d

2024Specifically, Boone claims he had a right to a jury trial under the Sixth Amendment and a right to due process under the Fifth Amendment, which were violated when Ivener testified as to his credibility—an issue for jury determination. 9 Under the higher constitutional harmless error standard, the State bears the burden to establish "'beyond a reasonable doubt that there was no impact on the trial's outcome, i.e., there is no reasonable possibility that the error contributed to the verdict.'" State v. Plummer, 295 Kan. 156, 162 , 283 P.3d 202 (2012); State v. Ward, 292 Kan. 541, 565 , 256 P.3d

22022–2024
State v. Richardson green
kan · 2010
2 sentences

2024Moore begins by asking us to adopt a more stringent constitutional harmless error standard from State v. Richardson, 290 Kan. 176 , 224 P.3d 553 (2010) (adopting Neder v. United States, 527 U.S. 1, 9-10 , 119 S. Ct. 1827 , 144 L.

2024Moore begins by asking us to adopt a more stringent constitutional harmless error standard from State v. Richardson, 290 Kan. 176 , 224 P.3d 553 (2010) (adopting Neder v. United States, 527 U.S. 1, 9-10 , 119 S. Ct. 1827 , 144 L.

22020–2024
State v. Tully green
kan · 2011
2 sentences

2022Tully, 293 Kan. at 205 .

2020Tully, 293 Kan. at 205 ; State v. Ward, 292 Kan. 541, 569-70 , 256 P.3d 801 (2011).

22020–2022
State v. Henderson green
kan · 2007
2 sentences

2008Henderson, 284 Kan. at 294 , 160 P.3d 776 .

2007However, before reversing and remanding the defendant's conviction, we applied the constitutional harmless error standard from Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 22 , 87 S.Ct. 824 , 17 L.Ed.2d 705 (1967), which requires us to find the error harmless if we possess "a firm belief beyond a reasonable doubt that an error of constitutional magnitude had little, if any, likelihood of having changed the result of the trial." Henderson, 160 P.3d at 792 .

22007–2008
State v. Jordan green
kan · 2023
1 sentence

2025A charging document satisfies due process and notice requirements if "'the defendant has an opportunity to meet and answer the State's evidence and prevent double jeopardy.'" State v. Jordan, 317 Kan. 628 , 646, 537 P.3d 443 (2023). 22 When, as here, the defendant asserts the third type of charging document defect— raising due process and notice issues—the constitutional harmless error test established in Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24 , 87 S. Ct. 824 , 17 L.

12025–2025
State v. Lindemuth green
kan · 2020
12021–2021
State v. Burnett green
kan · 2014
12021–2021
State v. Lovely green
kan · 1985
12020–2020
State v. Redick green
kan · 2018
12020–2020
State v. Walker green
kan · 2018
12020–2020
State v. Pribble green
kan · 2016
12020–2020
State v. Fisher green
kan · 2016
12020–2020
State v. McGinnes green
kan · 1998
12016–2016
State v. Mann green
kan · 2002
12016–2016
State v. Goodson green
kan · 2006
12016–2016
State v. Killings green
kan · 2015
12016–2016
State v. Waller green
kan · 2014
12015–2015
State v. Brown green
kan · 2014
12015–2015
State v. Belone green
kan · 2012
12015–2015
State v. Dull green
kan · 2014
12014–2014
State v. Williams green
kan · 2012
12014–2014
Quarels v. Commonwealth green
ky · 2004
12014–2014
Daniel Ortega v. Michael O'leary, Warden green
ca7 · 1988
12014–2014
Archie D. Wright v. W. J. Estelle, Jr., Director, Texas Department of Corrections green
ca5 · 1978
12014–2014
State v. Holman green
kan · 2012
12013–2013
State v. Reyna green
kan · 2010
12010–2010
State v. Swanigan green
kan · 2005
12007–2007
Delaware v. Van Arsdall green
scotus · 1986
12006–2006
State v. Davis green
kan · 1994
12006–2006
Simpson v. Illinois green
scotus · 1999
12005–2005
Allen v. Cockrell, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division green
scotus · 2002
12005–2005
State v. Bell green
kan · 1999
12005–2005

Statutes the citing opinions construe

KS § K.S.A. § 60-261 (56) KS § K.S.A. § 60-404 (41) KS § K.S.A. § 60-455 (33) KS § K.S.A. § 22-3601 (27) KS § K.S.A. § 22-3423 (23) KS § K.S.A. § 21-5402 (19) KS § K.S.A. § 60-2105 (17) KS § K.S.A. § 60-460 (16) KS § K.S.A. § 20-3018 (14) KS § K.S.A. § 22-3405 (14) KS § K.S.A. § 60-401 (14) KS § K.S.A. § 22-3420 (13)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

WA 214 (1983–2026) KS 139 (1996–2026) CO 95 (2002–2026) TX 35 (1995–2026) DC 34 (1984–2024) NY 26 (1978–2025) TN 24 (1998–2024) VA 12 (2009–2023) NM 11 (1983–2024) IN 8 (1983–2020) CA 7 (1969–2023) WV 6 (1982–2014) AK 6 (1969–2003) IA 4 (2012–2025) MN 4 (1984–2017) CT 3 (1994–2025) OH 3 (1993–2014) UT 2 (1982–1987) WI 2 (1978–1984) NC 2 (2005–2018) MA 2 (2018–2024) IL 2 (2020–2020) AR 2 (1995–2018) GA 2 (2022–2023)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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