specifically established and well-delineated exception in Pennsylvania

21 Pennsylvania opinions name it 4 courts 1996–2025 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Pennsylvania courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (12)

Case	Followed	Cited
Commonwealth v. Bostickgreen pasuperct · 2008 · cited in 5 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2016–2019 2 sentences 2019"Both the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Article 1, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution guarantee individuals freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures." Commonwealth v. Bostick , 958 A.2d 543 , 550 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). "[W]arrantless searches and seizures are ... unreasonable per se , unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement." Id. at 556 . 2019“Both the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Article 1, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution guarantee individuals freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.” Commonwealth v. Bostick, 958 A.2d 543, 550 (Pa.Super. 2008), appeal denied, 987 A.2d 158 (Pa. 2009) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). “[W]arrantless searches and seizures are . . . unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.” Id. at 556.	3	5
In Interest of Nlgreen pasuperct · 1999 · cited in 3 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2001–2013 2 sentences 2013In the Interest of N.L., 1999 PA Super 237 , 739 A.2d 564, 566 (Pa.Super.1999), appeal denied, 562 Pa. 672 , 753 A.2d 819 (2000) (citing Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 357 , 88 S.Ct. 507 , 19 L.Ed.2d 576 (1967)). 2013In the Interest of N.L., 1999 PA Super 237 , 739 A.2d 564, 566 (Pa.Super.1999), appeal denied, 562 Pa. 672 , 753 A.2d 819 (2000) (citing Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 357 , 88 S.Ct. 507 , 19 L.Ed.2d 576 (1967)).	3	3
Commonwealth v. Burgosgreen pasuperct · 2013 · cited in 3 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2015–2018 2 sentences 2018"Warrantless searches and seizures are therefore unreasonable per se , unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement." Burgos , 64 A.3d at 648 . 2016Bostick, 64 A.2d 543 , (Pa.Super. 2008); Commomvealtlz v. Burgos, 64 A.3d 641, 648 (Pa.Super. 2013) ("Warrantless searches and· seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement."); Commouwealt!t v. Caba11, 60 A. 3d 120, 127 (Pa.Super. 20f2) (a search conducted without a warrant is constitutionally 10 .. ... ll impermissible unless an established exception applies).	2	3
Commonwealth v. Keygreen pasuperct · 2001 · cited in 2 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2008–2009 2 sentences 2009“Both the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Article I Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution protect citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures.” Commonwealth v. Key, 789 A.2d 282, 287 (Pa. Super. 2001). (emphasis added) As a result, “[warrantless searches and seizures are . . . unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.” Id. 2009“Both the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Article I Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution protect citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures.” Commonwealth v. Key, 789 A.2d 282, 287 (Pa. Super. 2001). (emphasis added) As a result, “[warrantless searches and seizures are . . . unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.” Id.	2	2
Katz v. United Statesgreen scotus · 1967 · cited in 6 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1996–2013 2 sentences 2013“Warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.” B.C., 453 Pa. Super. at 301 , 683 A.2d at 923 (citing Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 357 (1967)). 2013In the Interest of N.L., 1999 PA Super 237 , 739 A.2d 564, 566 (Pa.Super.1999), appeal denied, 562 Pa. 672 , 753 A.2d 819 (2000) (citing Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 357 , 88 S.Ct. 507 , 19 L.Ed.2d 576 (1967)).	1	6
Ivory v. Pa. Dep't of Corr.green pa · 2019 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2019–2019 1 sentence 2019“Warrantless searches and seizures are therefore unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.” Commonwealth v. Glass, 200 A.3d 477, 483 (Pa. Super. 2018) (quotation omitted).	1	1
Commonwealth v. Cabangreen pasuperct · 2012 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2016–2016 2 sentences 2016Bostick, 64 A.2d 543 , (Pa.Super. 2008); Commomvealtlz v. Burgos, 64 A.3d 641, 648 (Pa.Super. 2013) ("Warrantless searches and· seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement."); Commouwealt!t v. Caba11, 60 A. 3d 120, 127 (Pa.Super. 20f2) (a search conducted without a warrant is constitutionally 10 .. ... ll impermissible unless an established exception applies). 2016Id. (citation omitted); se~_a!~o Conimonwealth v. Bostick, 64 A.2<l 543, (Pa.Super, 2008); Commonwealth v. Bmgos, 64 A.3d 641, 648 (Pa.Super. 2013) C'Warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted.pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement."); Commonwealth v. Caban, 60 A.3d 120, 127 (Pa.Super, 2012) (a search conducted without a warrant is constitutionally impermissible unless an established exception applies). 4.	1	1
In the Interest of O.A.green pa · 1998 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2013–2013 2 sentences 2013In the Interest of O.A., 552 Pa. 666 , 717 A.2d 490, 495 (1998). 2013In the Interest of O.A., 552 Pa. 666 , 717 A.2d 490, 495 (1998).	1	1
Commonwealth v. Holzergreen pa · 1978 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008 2 sentences 2008See also Commonwealth v. Holzer, 480 Pa. 93 , 389 A.2d 101, 106 (1978) (“As a general rule, a search or seizure without a warrant is deemed unreasonable for constitutional purposes.”). 2008See also Commonwealth v. Holzer, 480 Pa. 93 , 389 A.2d 101, 106 (1978) (“As a general rule, a search or seizure without a warrant is deemed unreasonable for constitutional purposes.”).	1	1
Commonwealth v. Marinelligreen pa · 1997 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999 2 sentences 1999Commonwealth v. Days, 718 A.2d 797, 801 (Pa.Super.1998) (quoting Commonwealth v. Marinelli, 547 Pa. 294, 315-16 , 690 A.2d 203, 214 (1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1024 , 118 S.Ct. 1309 , 140 L.Ed.2d 473 (1998) (citation omitted)). ¶ 6 Both the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution protect citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. 3 Warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement. 1999Commonwealth v. Days, 718 A.2d 797, 801 (Pa.Super.1998) (quoting Commonwealth v. Marinelli, 547 Pa. 294, 315-16 , 690 A.2d 203, 214 (1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1024 , 118 S.Ct. 1309 , 140 L.Ed.2d 473 (1998) (citation omitted)). ¶ 6 Both the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution protect citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. 3 Warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.	1	1
Commonwealth v. Daysgreen pasuperct · 1998 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1999–1999 1 sentence 1999Commonwealth v. Days, 718 A.2d 797, 801 (Pa.Super.1998) (quoting Commonwealth v. Marinelli, 547 Pa. 294, 315-16 , 690 A.2d 203, 214 (1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1024 , 118 S.Ct. 1309 , 140 L.Ed.2d 473 (1998) (citation omitted)). ¶ 6 Both the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution protect citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. 3 Warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.	1	1
Commonwealth v. Gibsongreen pa · 1994 · cited in 1 Pennsylvania opinions naming this issue, 1998–1998 2 sentences 1998Commonwealth v. Gibson, 536 Pa. 123, 129 , 638 A.2d 203, 206 (1994). 1998Commonwealth v. Gibson, 536 Pa. 123, 129 , 638 A.2d 203, 206 (1994).	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Pennsylvania. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (13)

Case	Cited	Years
Com. v. Bailey green pa · 2009 2 sentences 2019“Both the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Article 1, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution guarantee individuals freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.” Commonwealth v. Bostick, 958 A.2d 543, 550 (Pa.Super. 2008), appeal denied, 987 A.2d 158 (Pa. 2009) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). “[W]arrantless searches and seizures are . . . unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.” Id. at 556. 2016(See id. at 16-29.) “Both the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Article 1, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution guarantee individuals freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.” Commonwealth v. Bostick, 958 A.2d 543, 550 (Pa.Super. 2008), appeal denied, 987 A.2d 158 (Pa. 2009) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). “[W]arrantless searches and seizures are . . . unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.” Id. at 556.	2	2016–2019
Lan Tu Trinh v. Trinh green pa · 2019 2 sentences 2025“Warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.” Id. (cleaned up). -8- J-S10010-25 One exception recognized by Pennsylvania courts is a search conducted “when probable cause and exigent circumstances are present.” Id. 2025“Warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.” Id. (cleaned up). -8- J-S10010-25 One exception recognized by Pennsylvania courts is a search conducted “when probable cause and exigent circumstances are present.” Id.	1	2025–2025
Commonwealth v. McCree green pa · 2007 1 sentence 2019Commonwealth v. Mccree, 924 A.2d 621 (Pa. 2007 ; Commonwealth v. Ayala, 791 A.2d 1202 (Pa. Super. 2002). 6.	1	2019–2019
Commonwealth v. Ayala green pasuperct · 2002 1 sentence 2019Commonwealth v. Mccree, 924 A.2d 621 (Pa. 2007 ; Commonwealth v. Ayala, 791 A.2d 1202 (Pa. Super. 2002). 6.	1	2019–2019
Kinney v. Thomlinson neutral njsuperctappdiv · 1949 1 sentence 2016Id. (citation omitted); see also Commonwealth v. Bostick, 64 A.2d 543 , (Pa.Super. 2008); Commonwealth v. BlU'gos, 64 A.2d 641 (Pa.Super, 2013), appeal denied 79 A.3d 635 (warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement); Commonwealth v. Caban, 60 A.3d 120 (Pa.Super. 2012) appeal denied 79 A.3d 1097 (a search .. ( conducted without a warrant is constitutionally impermissible unless an established exception applies). ·" 9.	1	2016–2016
Commonwealth v. Jones green pa · 2010 1 sentence 2016Id. (citation omitted); see also Commonwealth v. Bostick, 64 A.2d 543 , (Pa.Super. 2008); Commonwealth v. BlU'gos, 64 A.2d 641 (Pa.Super, 2013), appeal denied 79 A.3d 635 (warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement); Commonwealth v. Caban, 60 A.3d 120 (Pa.Super. 2012) appeal denied 79 A.3d 1097 (a search .. ( conducted without a warrant is constitutionally impermissible unless an established exception applies). ·" 9.	1	2016–2016
Commonwealth v. Miller green pasuperct · 2012 1 sentence 2016Id. (citation omitted); se~_a!~o Conimonwealth v. Bostick, 64 A.2<l 543, (Pa.Super, 2008); Commonwealth v. Bmgos, 64 A.3d 641, 648 (Pa.Super. 2013) C'Warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted.pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement."); Commonwealth v. Caban, 60 A.3d 120, 127 (Pa.Super, 2012) (a search conducted without a warrant is constitutionally impermissible unless an established exception applies). 4.	1	2016–2016
In the Interest of B.C. green pasuperct · 1996 2 sentences 2013“Warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.” B.C., 453 Pa. Super. at 301 , 683 A.2d at 923 (citing Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 357 (1967)). 2013“Warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.” B.C., 453 Pa. Super. at 301 , 683 A.2d at 923 (citing Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 357 (1967)).	1	2013–2013
Commonwealth v. Strickler green pa · 2000 2 sentences 2013“One such exception is consent, voluntarily given.” Strickler, 563 Pa. at 56 , 757 A.2d at 888 (citing Schneckloth, 412 U.S. at 219 ). 2013“One such exception is consent, voluntarily given.” Strickler, 563 Pa. at 56 , 757 A.2d at 888 (citing Schneckloth, 412 U.S. at 219 ).	1	2013–2013
Schneckloth v. Bustamonte green scotus · 1973 1 sentence 2013“One such exception is consent, voluntarily given.” Strickler, 563 Pa. at 56 , 757 A.2d at 888 (citing Schneckloth, 412 U.S. at 219 ).	1	2013–2013
Roe v. Butterworth green scotus · 1998 1 sentence 1999Commonwealth v. Days, 718 A.2d 797, 801 (Pa.Super.1998) (quoting Commonwealth v. Marinelli, 547 Pa. 294, 315-16 , 690 A.2d 203, 214 (1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1024 , 118 S.Ct. 1309 , 140 L.Ed.2d 473 (1998) (citation omitted)). ¶ 6 Both the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution protect citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. 3 Warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.	1	1999–1999
O'Steen v. CSX Transportation, Inc. green scotus · 1998 1 sentence 1999Commonwealth v. Days, 718 A.2d 797, 801 (Pa.Super.1998) (quoting Commonwealth v. Marinelli, 547 Pa. 294, 315-16 , 690 A.2d 203, 214 (1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1024 , 118 S.Ct. 1309 , 140 L.Ed.2d 473 (1998) (citation omitted)). ¶ 6 Both the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution protect citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. 3 Warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.	1	1999–1999
Buchbinder v. Commissioner green scotus · 1998 1 sentence 1999Commonwealth v. Days, 718 A.2d 797, 801 (Pa.Super.1998) (quoting Commonwealth v. Marinelli, 547 Pa. 294, 315-16 , 690 A.2d 203, 214 (1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1024 , 118 S.Ct. 1309 , 140 L.Ed.2d 473 (1998) (citation omitted)). ¶ 6 Both the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution protect citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. 3 Warrantless searches and seizures are unreasonable per se, unless conducted pursuant to a specifically established and well-delineated exception to the warrant requirement.	1	1999–1999

Statutes the citing opinions construe

PA § 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 903 (4)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

PA 21 (1996–2025) TN 8 (1997–2001) IL 6 (1994–2017) OH 4 (2000–2016) HI 4 (1984–2012) CO 2 (2005–2008) KS 2 (2004–2006) IA 2 (2025–2025)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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