509 Ohio opinions name it 2 courts 1994–2026 118 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by Ohio courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Anders v. Californiagreen2 sentences2026Thereafter, Fincher's attorney filed an Anders brief under Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). 2026Id. {¶ 5} On November 4, 2025, Fincher's counsel filed a motion to withdraw and indicated she sent Fincher a copy of the motion and the Anders brief. | 28 | 374 |
Penson v. Ohiogreen2 sentences2023Anders Review {¶ 8} Upon the filing of an Anders brief, an appellate court must determine, “after a full examination of all the proceedings,” whether the appeal is “wholly frivolous.” Anders, 386 U.S. at 744 , 87 S.Ct. 1396 , 18 L.Ed.2d 493 ; Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75 , -4- 109 S.Ct. 346 , 102 L.Ed.2d 300 (1988). 2023Anders Review {¶ 8} Upon the filing of an Anders brief, an appellate court must determine, “after a full examination of all the proceedings,” whether the appeal is “wholly frivolous.” Anders, 386 U.S. at 744 , 87 S.Ct. 1396 , 18 L.Ed.2d 493 ; Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75 , -4- 109 S.Ct. 346 , 102 L.Ed.2d 300 (1988). | 7 | 105 |
State v. Manyogreen2 sentences2025After the appellant is given the opportunity to raise additional issues supplementing the Anders brief, the court of appeals “must review the entire record to determine whether the appeal is wholly PAGE 6 OF 13 Case No. 2025-P-0015 frivolous.” State v. Manyo, 2023-Ohio-267, ¶ 14 (11th Dist.). 2025After the appellant is given the opportunity to raise additional issues supplementing the Anders brief, the court of appeals “must review the entire record to determine whether the appeal is wholly frivolous.” State v. Manyo, 2023-Ohio-267, ¶ 14 . | 2 | 3 |
State v. Englegreen2 sentences2025“If [the] court is unable PAGE 3 OF 7 Case Nos. 2024-A-0049, 2024-A-0050 to find issues of arguable merit, the decision is affirmed on the merits and counsel is allowed to withdraw.” Id. {¶9} Counsel for Frasure has asked this Court to review as a potential assignment of error whether Frasure’s plea is invalid and whether his sentence is contrary to law or is clearly and convincingly unsupported by the record. {¶10} “In order to enter a valid plea in a criminal case under the United States and Ohio Constitutions, ‘the plea must be made knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily.’” State v. Garc 2019Failure on any of those points renders enforcement of the plea unconstitutional under both the United States Constitution and the Ohio Constitution.' " State v. Veney, 120 Ohio St.3d 176 , 2008-Ohio-5200 , ¶ 7, quoting State v. Engle, 74 Ohio St.3d 525, 527 (1996). | 2 | 2 |
State v. Favorsgreen2 sentences2006State v. Adkins , Gallia App. No. 03CA27, 2004Ohio-3627; citing Anders at 744 ; see, also, State v. Favors , 155 Ohio App.3d. 129, 2003-Ohio-5731 , 799 N.E.2d 243 , at ¶ 5. 2006State v. Adkins , Gallia App. No. 03CA27, 2004Ohio-3627; citing Anders at 744 ; see, also, State v. Favors , 155 Ohio App.3d. 129, 2003-Ohio-5731 , 799 N.E.2d 243 , at ¶ 5. | 2 | 2 |
McCoy v. Court of Appeals of Wisconsin, District 1green2 sentences2021It is for this reason that a conforming Anders brief must refer “to anything in the record that might arguably support the appeal[.]” McCoy, 486 U.S. 429 , 108 S.Ct. 1895 , 100 L.Ed.2d 440 , supra. This is the only way in which counsel can show that any argument raised on appeal would lack any basis in law or fact. 2021It is for this reason that a conforming Anders brief must refer “to anything in the record that might arguably support the appeal[.]” McCoy, 486 U.S. 429 , 108 S.Ct. 1895 , 100 L.Ed.2d 440 , supra. This is the only way in which counsel can show that any argument raised on appeal would lack any basis in law or fact. | 1 | 13 |
State v. Larichegreen2 sentences2025However, as this court has previously stated, “the absence of a local rule governing Anders briefs does not prevent this court from accepting these briefs nor from following the procedure the United States Supreme Court outlined in Anders.” Sims at ¶ 7-14 (discussing “the duties of appellate counsel when filing an Anders brief and our duties when ruling on counsel’s motion to withdraw on the grounds that the appeal would be frivolous” even in the absence of former Loc.App.R. 16(C), different Ohio appellate courts’ views on Anders briefs and this court’s decision that “until the Ohio Supreme Co 2022Cuyahoga No. 108512, 2020-Ohio-804, ¶ 7 . | 1 | 4 |
State v. Nerogreen2 sentences2025State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St.3d 106, 108-109 (1990); State v. Lebron, 2020-Ohio-1507 , ¶ 9 (8th Dist.); State v. Groves, 2019-Ohio-5025, ¶ 7 (5th Dist.). 2012He did not do so. {¶ 5} The first potential assignment of error raised by counsel questions whether the trial court complied with Crim.R. 11(D) in accepting Collins’ plea. {¶ 6} Crim.R. 11(D) sets forth the procedure a trial judge must follow when accepting 3 a plea involving a serious misdemeanor: “In misdemeanor cases involving serious offenses the court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty or no contest, and shall not accept such plea without first addressing the defendant personally and informing the defendant of the effect of the pleas of guilty, no contest, and not guilty and determin | 1 | 2 |
State v. Bonnell (Slip Opinion)green2 sentences2016After Sergent’s counsel filed an Anders brief, 1 the court of appeals reviewed the record and found that an arguable issue existed to support Sergent’s appeal under State v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d 209 , 2014-Ohio-3177 , 16 N.E.3d 659 . 2016After Sergent’s counsel filed an Anders brief, 1 the court of appeals reviewed the record and found that an arguable issue existed to support Sergent’s appeal under State v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d 209 , 2014-Ohio-3177 , 16 N.E.3d 659 . | 1 | 2 |
North Carolina v. Alfordgreen2 sentences2002See North Carolina v. Alford (1970), 400 U.S. 25 , 91 S.Ct. 160 , 27 L.Ed.2d 162 . 2002See North Carolina v. Alford (1970), 400 U.S. 25 , 91 S.Ct. 160 , 27 L.Ed.2d 162 . | 1 | 2 |
| Seasons Coal Co. v. City of Clevelandgreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Sheppardgreen | 1 | 1 |
State v. Williamsgreen1 sentence2026We have now examined that issue, and we have also independently studied the record to see whether we agree with defense counsel’s view that this appeal is frivolous. {¶8} “In weighing the evidence, the court of appeals must always be mindful of the presumption in favor of the finder of fact.” State v. Butler, 2024-Ohio-4651 , ¶ 75 (5th Dist.). “‘The underlying rationale of giving deference to the findings of the trial court rests with the knowledge that the [trier of fact] is best able to view the witnesses and observe their demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and use these observations | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Garciagreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Fraziergreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Grovesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Hudsongreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Hammondgreen | 1 | 1 |
| In re R.F.green | 1 | 1 |
| In re D.M.green | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Sergent (Slip Opinion)green | 1 | 1 |
| In re J.B.green | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Williamsgreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Upkins (Slip Opinion)green | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Underwoodgreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Taylorgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Huguley v. Stategreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Cruz-Ramosgreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Gatesgreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Gilbertgreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. KORTH AND STEELEgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Attorney's Fees of Mohr v. Powersgreen | 1 | 1 |
| State v. Andersongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Ohio. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
State v. Foster
green
2 sentences2006Thomas received a sentence of seventeen months on the first count, two years on the third degree domestic violence charge, and two years on the escape charges with all the sentences to be served concurrently. {¶ 2} Thomas' appointed counsel has filed an Anders brief in which he has identified as a possible arguable issue whether the trial court erred in sentencing Thomas to more than the minimum concurrent sentences without making the findings required by R.C. 2929.14 , specifically that Thomas had previously served a prison term. {¶ 3} Revised Code Section 2929.14 states in pertinent part: {¶ 2006Appellant's counsel then states that the assignments of error lack merit due to this court's finding that Blakely does not apply to Ohio's felony sentencing scheme. {¶ 16} After appellant's counsel filed his Anders brief, the Supreme Court of Ohio, in State v. Foster, 109 Ohio St.3d 1 , 2006-Ohio-856 , applied Blakely to Ohio's felony sentencing scheme and severed, inter alia, R.C. 2929.14 (B) and (C) and 2929.19 (B)(2) (required judicial findings prior to the imposition of a maximum sentence) and R.C. 2929.14 (E)(4) and 2929.41 (A) (required judicial factfinding prior to the imposition of con | 9 | 2006–2022 |
State v. Duncan
green
2 sentences2018Id. {¶ 5} Here, our review reveals counsel failed to include the required contents of an Anders brief, the required statement of compliance, the required motion to withdraw, and the required language reflecting compliance with service of the Anders brief upon 2. appellant. 2016Appellant received ineffective assistance of counsel. {¶ 6} The City of Toledo has not filed a response to appointed counsel’s Anders brief. {¶ 7} The procedure to be followed by appointed counsel who desires to withdraw for want of a meritorious, appealable issue is set forth in Anders, as well as State v. Duncan, 57 Ohio App.2d 93 , 385 N.E.2d 323 (8th Dist.1978) and State v. Stigall, 6th Dist. | 9 | 1999–2018 |
Strickland v. Washington
green
2 sentences2023WASHINGTON (1984), 466 U.S. 668 , 80 L.Ed.2d 674 , 104 S.Ct. 2052 .” {¶17} This Court issued a judgment entry notifying appellant that his counsel filed an Anders brief, and allowing appellant file a pro se brief within sixty days of the entry. 2023WASHINGTON (1984), 466 U.S. 668 , 80 L.Ed.2d 674 , 104 S.Ct. 2052 .” {¶17} This Court issued a judgment entry notifying appellant that his counsel filed an Anders brief, and allowing appellant file a pro se brief within sixty days of the entry. | 8 | 2000–2023 |
In re A.J.F.
green
2 sentences2026Id. {¶7} By Judgment Entry filed October 27, 2025, this Court indicated that it had received notice pursuant to Anders that Attorney Bazeley provided Appellant a copy of the Anders brief. 2026Id. {¶8} By Judgment Entry filed October 9, 2025, this Court indicated that it had received notice pursuant to Anders that Attorney Campbell provided Appellant a copy of the Anders brief. | 6 | 2018–2026 |
State v. Toney
green
2 sentences2018Id. at syllabus. {¶12} Appellate counsel filed an Anders brief on August 9, 2017. 2017It is further Ordered that [Appellant] shall pay reasonable Restitution in the amount of Twenty-One Thousand One Hundred Fifty-Three and No/100 Dollars ($21,153.00), to Belmont Park Commission, and a Civil Judgment is granted in that sum. (3/18/15 J.E., p. 2.) Anders brief -5- {¶11} Appointed appellate counsel filed a no merit brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 , 87 S.Ct. 1396 , 18 L.E.2d 493 (1967), and State v. Toney, 23 Ohio App.2d 203 , 262 N.E.2d 419 (7th Dist.1970), and requested leave to withdraw from the case. | 6 | 2011–2018 |
Blakely v. Washington
green
2 sentences2007We disagree. {¶ 6} In State v. Foster , the Ohio Supreme Court held that, under the United States Supreme Court's decisions in Apprendi v. New Jersey (2000), 530 U.S. 466 , 120 S.Ct. 2348 , and Blakely v. Washington (2004), 542 U.S. 296 , 124 S.Ct. 2531 , 159 L.Ed.2d 403 , portions of Ohio's sentencing scheme were unconstitutional because they required judicial fact finding before a defendant could be sentenced to serve maximum sentence, and/or consecutive sentences. 2005Accordingly, this court shall proceed with an examination of the potential assignment of error set forth by counsel for appellant and the entire record below to determine if this appeal lacks merit and is, therefore, wholly frivolous. {¶ 6} The potential assignment of error raised in counsel's Anders' brief concerns whether, in sentencing appellant, the trial court erroneously considered facts not admitted by appellant, in violation of appellant's Sixth Amendment right to trial by jury and contrary to the United States Supreme Court's ruling in Blakely, ___ U.S. ___, 124 S.Ct. 2531 . | 6 | 2005–2007 |
Apprendi v. New Jersey
green
2 sentences2007We disagree. {¶ 6} In State v. Foster , the Ohio Supreme Court held that, under the United States Supreme Court's decisions in Apprendi v. New Jersey (2000), 530 U.S. 466 , 120 S.Ct. 2348 , and Blakely v. Washington (2004), 542 U.S. 296 , 124 S.Ct. 2531 , 159 L.Ed.2d 403 , portions of Ohio's sentencing scheme were unconstitutional because they required judicial fact finding before a defendant could be sentenced to serve maximum sentence, and/or consecutive sentences. 2007We disagree. {¶ 6} In State v. Foster , the Ohio Supreme Court held that, under the United States Supreme Court's decisions in Apprendi v. New Jersey (2000), 530 U.S. 466 , 120 S.Ct. 2348 , and Blakely v. Washington (2004), 542 U.S. 296 , 124 S.Ct. 2531 , 159 L.Ed.2d 403 , portions of Ohio's sentencing scheme were unconstitutional because they required judicial fact finding before a defendant could be sentenced to serve maximum sentence, and/or consecutive sentences. | 3 | 2007–2007 |
State v. Bradley
green
2 sentences2007"THE FAILURE OF DEFENSE COUNSEL TO CONSISTENTLY OBJECT TO VARIOUS RULINGS BY THE JUDGE RESULTED IN INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL." {¶ 12} In order to prove a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must demonstrate: (1) that counsel's performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness; and (2) that the defendant was prejudiced by counsel's ineffectiveness. *Page 5 Strickland v. Washington (1984), 466 U.S. 668 ; State v. Bradley (1989), 42 Ohio St.3d 136 . {¶ 13} Here, we review three specific instances cited by appellate counsel in support of appellant's claim f 2003Ineffective Assistance of Counsel {¶ 5} In order to demonstrate ineffective assistance of trial counsel, Defendant must demonstrate that counsel's performance was deficient (fell below an objective standard of reasonable representation), and that Defendant was prejudiced by counsel's performance (there is a reasonable probability that but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of Defendant's trial or proceeding would have been different.) Strickland v. Washington (1984), 466 U.S. 668 ; State v. Bradley (1989), 42 Ohio St.3d 136 . {¶ 6} At the sentencing hearing Defendant complained ab | 3 | 2000–2007 |
State v. Baldwin
neutral
2 sentences2023Summit No. 29176, 2019-Ohio-2542, ¶ 4 . 2022Summit No. 291765, 2019-Ohio-2542, ¶ 4 . | 2 | 2022–2023 |
State v. A.H.
neutral
2 sentences2022No. 16AP-487, 2017-Ohio-7680, ¶ 16 . {¶ 25} When an appellate court receives an Anders brief, it must conduct an examination of the proceedings to determine whether the case is wholly frivolous. 2019No. 16AP-487, 2017-Ohio-7680, ¶ 18 . {¶ 27} Applying the Anders standard to the present case, this court has undertaken a review of the record to determine whether the appeal is wholly frivolous. | 2 | 2019–2022 |
State v. Somerset
neutral
2 sentences2022Montgomery No. 29249, 2022-Ohio-2170, ¶ 5 . 2022Montgomery No. 29249, 2022-Ohio-2170, ¶ 5 . {¶ 8} In the present case, the Anders brief identifies the following two issues that Evans’ appellate counsel considered: (1) whether the trial court erred to the prejudice of Evans by sentencing him without informing him of his right to appeal the conviction and sentence; and (2) whether the trial court erred by sentencing Evans to the maximum of 36 months in prison. | 2 | 2022–2022 |
Disciplinary Counsel v. Milhoan
neutral
2 sentences2022“An Anders brief ‘permit[s] an attorney who, after conscientious examination of the record, concludes that a criminal appeal is wholly frivolous to so advise the court and request permission to withdraw, provided that his request is accompanied with a brief identifying anything in the record that could arguably support the client’s appeal.’” State v. Sergent, 148 Ohio St.3d 94 , 2016-Ohio-2696, ¶ 8, fn. 1 , quoting Disciplinary Counsel v. Milhoan, 142 Ohio St.3d 230 , 2014-Ohio-5459, ¶ 8 . {¶4} In his Anders brief, Mr. Roberts’ appellate counsel states that he fully reviewed the record and tri 2022“An Anders brief ‘permit[s] an attorney who, after conscientious examination of the record, concludes that a criminal appeal is wholly frivolous to so advise the court and request permission to withdraw, provided that his request is accompanied with a brief identifying anything in the record that could arguably support the client’s appeal.’” State v. Sergent, 148 Ohio St.3d 94 , 2016-Ohio-2696, ¶ 8, fn. 1 , quoting Disciplinary Counsel v. Milhoan, 142 Ohio St.3d 230 , 2014-Ohio-5459, ¶ 8 . {¶4} In his Anders brief, Mr. Roberts’ appellate counsel states that he fully reviewed the record and tri | 2 | 2016–2022 |
Boykin v. Alabama
green
2 sentences2020Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238 , 89 S.Ct. 1709 , 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969); State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St.3d 239 , 2008-Ohio-3748 , 893 N.E.2d 462, ¶ 25 . 2020Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238 , 89 S.Ct. 1709 , 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969); State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St.3d 239 , 2008-Ohio-3748 , 893 N.E.2d 462, ¶ 25 . | 2 | 2006–2020 |
State v. Gilbert (Slip Opinion)
green
2 sentences2020See, e.g., State v. Underwood, 124 Ohio St.3d 365 , 2010-Ohio-1 , 922 N.E.2d 923 , ¶ 7 (the court of appeals conducted an independent review of the record to determine that a meritorious issue existed warranting full briefing); State v. Gilbert, 143 Ohio St.3d 150 , 2014-Ohio-4562 , 35 N.E.3d 493, ¶ 25 ; see also State v. Upkins, 154 Ohio St.3d 30 , 2018-Ohio-1812 , ___ N.E.3d ___, ¶ 19 (Fischer, J., dissenting) (string citing decisions in which an Anders brief was filed and rejected by the appellate court). 2020See, e.g., State v. Underwood, 124 Ohio St.3d 365 , 2010-Ohio-1 , 922 N.E.2d 923 , ¶ 7 (the court of appeals conducted an independent review of the record to determine that a meritorious issue existed warranting full briefing); State v. Gilbert, 143 Ohio St.3d 150 , 2014-Ohio-4562 , 35 N.E.3d 493, ¶ 25 ; see also State v. Upkins, 154 Ohio St.3d 30 , 2018-Ohio-1812 , ___ N.E.3d ___, ¶ 19 (Fischer, J., dissenting) (string citing decisions in which an Anders brief was filed and rejected by the appellate court). | 2 | 2018–2020 |
Ellis v. United States
green
2 sentences2019Id. at 741 , citing Ellis v. United States (1958), 356 U.S. 674, 675 . 2007However, assigned counsel subsequently filed a motion to withdraw and an "Anders brief," in accordance with the United States Supreme Court decision of Anders v. California (1967), 386 U.S. 738 . *Page 3 {¶ 6} In Anders , the Supreme Court held that "[i]f counsel is convinced, after conscientious investigation, that the appeal is frivolous, * * * he may ask to withdraw on that account." Id. at 741 , citing Ellis v. United States (1958), 356 U.S. 674 , 675 . | 2 | 2007–2019 |
State v. Wenner
green
2 sentences2019Also, in State v. Wenner, 2018-Ohio-2590 , 114 N.E.3d 800 (6th Dist.), the Sixth Appellate District adopted the holding in Wilson and declared that the court will no longer accept motions to withdraw or briefs filed pursuant to Anders. 2019Also, in State v. Wenner, 2018-Ohio-2590 , 114 N.E.3d 800 (6th Dist.), the Sixth Appellate District adopted the holding in Wilson and declared that the court will no longer accept motions to withdraw or briefs filed pursuant to Anders. | 2 | 2018–2019 |
State v. Mayberry
neutral
2 sentences2018Id. {¶ 87} The March 2, 2017 evidentiary hearing related to a motion based on Gonzales I, 150 Ohio St.3d 261 , 2016-Ohio-8319 , 81 N.E.3d 405 . 2018Montgomery No. 27530, 2018-Ohio-2220, ¶ 4 . | 2 | 2018–2018 |
State v. Simpkins
green
2 sentences2010Washington App. No. 10CA12 4 {¶11} The state argues that the Supreme Court of Ohio approved the same postrelease control notification procedure used by the trial court here in State v. Simpkins, 117 Ohio St.3d 420 , 2008-Ohio-1197 , 884 N.E.2d 568 . 2009Mr. Houston appeals his resentencing. {¶ 5} Mr. Houston's counsel, in his Anders brief, acknowledges the case of State v. Simpkins in which the Ohio Supreme Court expressly held that "in cases in which a defendant is convicted of, or pleads guilty to, an offense for which postrelease control is required but not properly included in the sentence, the sentence is void, and the state is entitled to a new sentencing hearing to have postrelease control imposed on the *Page 3 defendant unless the defendant has completed his sentence." 117 Ohio St.3d 420 , 2008-Ohio-1197 , at ¶ 6 . | 2 | 2009–2010 |
State v. Thompkins
red
2 sentences2005State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380 , 387 , 1997-Ohio-52 . {¶ 7} The weight to be given the evidence presented and the credibility of the witnesses are primarily matters for the trier of fact. 2003State v. Thompkins , supra, at 387 . {¶ 14} In the present matter, we find no suggestion of record that the jury lost its way or that its verdict constituted a manifest miscarriage of justice. {¶ 15} Accordingly, we find both of counsel's potential assignments of error wholly without merit. {¶ 16} On consideration whereof, the court finds that the issues raised in the Anders brief are without merit and wholly frivolous. | 2 | 2003–2005 |
| State v. Lawrence green | 1 | 2025–2025 |
| State v. Jones (Slip Opinion) green | 1 | 2025–2025 |
| State v. Smith green | 1 | 2025–2025 |
| State v. Straley (Slip Opinion) green | 1 | 2025–2025 |
| State v. Eaton neutral | 1 | 2025–2025 |
| Zanesville v. Johnson neutral | 1 | 2024–2024 |
| State v. Smith neutral | 1 | 2024–2024 |
| State v. Grant green | 1 | 2023–2023 |
| State v. Dent (Slip Opinion) green | 1 | 2023–2023 |
| State v. Miranda green | 1 | 2023–2023 |
| State v. Brooks green | 1 | 2022–2022 |
| State v. Moore green | 1 | 2022–2022 |
| State v. King green | 1 | 2022–2022 |
| In re Co.J. green | 1 | 2022–2022 |
| State v. Howard (Slip Opinion) green | 1 | 2022–2022 |
| State v. Moody neutral | 1 | 2021–2021 |
| State v. Clark green | 1 | 2020–2020 |
| State v. Sims green | 1 | 2020–2020 |
| State v. Morgan green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| State v. McKenney green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
| Herring v. New York green | 1 | 2019–2019 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.
Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.