76 New York opinions name it 2 courts 1985–2026 14 in the last five years
The cases below were cited by New York courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.
| Case | Followed | Cited |
|---|---|---|
Scott v. Huntington Union Free School Districtgreen2 sentences2013Furthermore, while the principal and the nurse of the learning center, and the injured petitioner’s aide, were aware that the injured petitioner was injured when he was struck by the lunch bag, the petitioners did not establish that the appellant had timely, actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying their claim that another student assaulted the injured petitioner as a result of the appellant’s employees’ negligent supervision (see Matter of Scolo v Central Islip Union Free School Dist., 40 AD3d 1104, 1106 [2007]; Matter of Padovano v Massapequa Union Free School Dist., 31 AD3d 563, 5 2013Furthermore, while the principal and the nurse of the learning center, and the injured petitioner’s aide, were aware that the injured petitioner was injured when he was struck by the lunch bag, the petitioners did not establish that the appellant had timely, actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying their claim that another student assaulted the injured petitioner as a result of the appellant’s employees’ negligent supervision (see Matter of Scolo v Central Islip Union Free School Dist., 40 AD3d 1104, 1106 [2007]; Matter of Padovano v Massapequa Union Free School Dist., 31 AD3d 563, 5 | 8 | 8 |
Felice v. Eastport/South Manor Central School Districtgreen2 sentences2017School Dist., 50 AD3d at 148 ). 2015School Dist., 50 AD3d 138, 148 [2008]). | 7 | 8 |
Scolo v. Central Islip Union Free School Districtgreen2 sentences2013Furthermore, while the principal and the nurse of the learning center, and the injured petitioner’s aide, were aware that the injured petitioner was injured when he was struck by the lunch bag, the petitioners did not establish that the appellant had timely, actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying their claim that another student assaulted the injured petitioner as a result of the appellant’s employees’ negligent supervision (see Matter of Scolo v Central Islip Union Free School Dist., 40 AD3d 1104, 1106 [2007]; Matter of Padovano v Massapequa Union Free School Dist., 31 AD3d 563, 5 2013Furthermore, while the principal and the nurse of the learning center, and the injured petitioner’s aide, were aware that the injured petitioner was injured when he was struck by the lunch bag, the petitioners did not establish that the appellant had timely, actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying their claim that another student assaulted the injured petitioner as a result of the appellant’s employees’ negligent supervision (see Matter of Scolo v Central Islip Union Free School Dist., 40 AD3d 1104, 1106 [2007]; Matter of Padovano v Massapequa Union Free School Dist., 31 AD3d 563, 5 | 4 | 4 |
Diaz-Kamen v. Blydenburghgreen2 sentences2013While a student incident report and a medical claim form were prepared by the school’s nurse and principal on the date of the accident, these papers, which merely indicated that the infant was injured when she fell from the monkey bars on the school’s playground during recess, did not provide the respondent with actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim that the monkey bars were dangerous, unsafe, and negligently maintained, or that the respondent did not adequately supervise their use (see Matter of Joseph v City of New York, 101 AD3d 721, 722 [2012]; Matter of Doyle v Elwo 2013While a student incident report and a medical claim form were prepared by the school’s nurse and principal on the date of the accident, these papers, which merely indicated that the infant was injured when she fell from the monkey bars on the school’s playground during recess, did not provide the respondent with actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim that the monkey bars were dangerous, unsafe, and negligently maintained, or that the respondent did not adequately supervise their use (see Matter of Joseph v City of New York, 101 AD3d 721, 722 [2012]; Matter of Doyle v Elwo | 3 | 5 |
Joseph v. City of New Yorkgreen2 sentences2013While a student incident report and a medical claim form were prepared by the school’s nurse and principal on the date of the accident, these papers, which merely indicated that the infant was injured when she fell from the monkey bars on the school’s playground during recess, did not provide the respondent with actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim that the monkey bars were dangerous, unsafe, and negligently maintained, or that the respondent did not adequately supervise their use (see Matter of Joseph v City of New York, 101 AD3d 721, 722 [2012]; Matter of Doyle v Elwo 2013While a student incident report and a medical claim form were prepared by the school’s nurse and principal on the date of the accident, these papers, which merely indicated that the infant was injured when she fell from the monkey bars on the school’s playground during recess, did not provide the respondent with actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim that the monkey bars were dangerous, unsafe, and negligently maintained, or that the respondent did not adequately supervise their use (see Matter of Joseph v City of New York, 101 AD3d 721, 722 [2012]; Matter of Doyle v Elwo | 3 | 3 |
Matter of A.C. v. West Babylon Union Free School Dist.green2 sentences2026Dist. , 147 AD3d 1047, 1048 ). 2024Dist. , 147 AD3d 1047, 1048 [internal quotation marks omitted]). | 2 | 5 |
Caselli v. City of New Yorkgreen2 sentences1995We also agree with the IAS Court that actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim cannot in this case be imputed to respondents from the police accident report (Caselli v City of New York, 105 AD2d 251 ), and that the delay has prejudiced respondents in their ability to prepare a defense. 1992A Police Aided Report that fails to connect an occurrence with any negligence on the part of the public corporation does not furnish actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim (see, Caselli v City of New York, 105 AD2d 251 ; Fox v City of New York, supra). | 2 | 5 |
Perry v. City of New Yorkgreen2 sentences2013Auth., 198 AD2d 361, 362 [1993]; Matter of Perry v City of New York, 133 AD2d 692, 693 [1987]; Caselli v City of New York, 105 AD2d 251, 255 [1984]). 1994Given that the petitioner failed to adequately establish a reasonable excuse for her approximately four-year delay in filing the notice of claim (see, Matter of Perry v City of New York, 133 AD2d 692 ; Fox v City of New York, 91 AD2d 624 ), that the Clarkstown Central School District did not acquire actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim within a reasonable time of the claim’s accrual (see, Matter of Bloom v Herrick Union Free School Dist., 174 AD2d 665 ; Matter of Katz v Rockville Centre Union Free School Dist., 131 AD2d 574 ), and that the Clarkstown Central School Dist | 2 | 3 |
Cartagena v. New York City Health & Hospitals Corp.green2 sentences2014Corp., 93 AD3d 187, 188 [1st Dept 2012] [emphasis added]). 2014Corp., 93 AD3d 187, 188 [1st Dept 2012] [emphasis added]). | 2 | 2 |
Mitchell v. Town of Greenburghgreen2 sentences2013The fact that the New York City Police Department had knowledge of this accident, without more, cannot be considered actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim against the City (see Matter of Mitchell v Town of Greenburgh, 96 AD3d 852, 852-853 [2012]; Hardayal v City of New York, 281 AD2d 593 [2001]; Matter of Leiblein v Clark, 207 AD2d 348, 350 [1994]; Matter of Russ v New York City Hous. 2013The fact that the New York City Police Department had knowledge of this accident, without more, cannot be considered actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim against the City (see Matter of Mitchell v Town of Greenburgh, 96 AD3d 852, 852-853 [2012]; Hardayal v City of New York, 281 AD2d 593 [2001]; Matter of Leiblein v Clark, 207 AD2d 348, 350 [1994]; Matter of Russ v New York City Hous. | 2 | 2 |
Russ v. New York City Housing Authoritygreen2 sentences2013Auth., 198 AD2d 361, 362 [1993]; Matter of Perry v City of New York, 133 AD2d 692, 693 [1987]; Caselli v City of New York, 105 AD2d 251, 255 [1984]). 2013Auth., 198 AD2d 361, 362 [1993]; Matter of Perry v City of New York, 133 AD2d 692, 693 [1987]; Caselli v City of New York, 105 AD2d 251, 255 [1984]). | 2 | 2 |
Leiblein v. Clarkgreen2 sentences2013The fact that the New York City Police Department had knowledge of this accident, without more, cannot be considered actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim against the City (see Matter of Mitchell v Town of Greenburgh, 96 AD3d 852, 852-853 [2012]; Hardayal v City of New York, 281 AD2d 593 [2001]; Matter of Leiblein v Clark, 207 AD2d 348, 350 [1994]; Matter of Russ v New York City Hous. 2013The fact that the New York City Police Department had knowledge of this accident, without more, cannot be considered actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim against the City (see Matter of Mitchell v Town of Greenburgh, 96 AD3d 852, 852-853 [2012]; Hardayal v City of New York, 281 AD2d 593 [2001]; Matter of Leiblein v Clark, 207 AD2d 348, 350 [1994]; Matter of Russ v New York City Hous. | 2 | 2 |
Padovano v. Massapequa Union Free School Districtgreen2 sentences2013Furthermore, while the principal and the nurse of the learning center, and the injured petitioner’s aide, were aware that the injured petitioner was injured when he was struck by the lunch bag, the petitioners did not establish that the appellant had timely, actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying their claim that another student assaulted the injured petitioner as a result of the appellant’s employees’ negligent supervision (see Matter of Scolo v Central Islip Union Free School Dist., 40 AD3d 1104, 1106 [2007]; Matter of Padovano v Massapequa Union Free School Dist., 31 AD3d 563, 5 2013Furthermore, while the principal and the nurse of the learning center, and the injured petitioner’s aide, were aware that the injured petitioner was injured when he was struck by the lunch bag, the petitioners did not establish that the appellant had timely, actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying their claim that another student assaulted the injured petitioner as a result of the appellant’s employees’ negligent supervision (see Matter of Scolo v Central Islip Union Free School Dist., 40 AD3d 1104, 1106 [2007]; Matter of Padovano v Massapequa Union Free School Dist., 31 AD3d 563, 5 | 2 | 2 |
Price v. Board of Educationgreen2 sentences2013School Dist., 307 AD2d 907, 908 [2003]; Matter of Price v Board of Educ. of City of Yonkers, 300 AD2d 310, 311 [2002]). 2013School Dist., 307 AD2d 907, 908 [2003]; Matter of Price v Board of Educ. of City of Yonkers, 300 AD2d 310, 311 [2002]). | 2 | 2 |
Corrales v. Middle Country Central School Districtgreen2 sentences2013School Dist., 307 AD2d 907, 908 [2003]; Matter of Price v Board of Educ. of City of Yonkers, 300 AD2d 310, 311 [2002]). 2013School Dist., 307 AD2d 907, 908 [2003]; Matter of Price v Board of Educ. of City of Yonkers, 300 AD2d 310, 311 [2002]). | 2 | 2 |
| Medley v. Cichongreen | 2 | 2 |
Daprile v. Town of Copakegreen2 sentences2025We need not consider respondents' challenge to whether petitioners offered a reasonable excuse for the delay, as even where proof on that factor fails, "such a defect will not be deemed fatal where it is established that the respondent[s] had actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim and there has otherwise been no compelling demonstration of prejudice" ( Matter of Holbrook v Village of Hoosick Falls , 168 AD3d at 1264; see Daprile v Town of Copake , 155 AD3d at 1406-1407 ). 2019It is well settled, however, that where, as here, a petitioner fails to offer a reasonable excuse for the delay in filing a notice of claim, such a defect will not be deemed fatal where it is established that the respondent had actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim and there has otherwise been no compelling demonstration of prejudice ( see Daprile v Town of Copake , 155 AD3d at 1406 ; Matter of Lanphere v County of Washington , 301 AD2d 936, 938 [2003]). | 1 | 2 |
Washington v. City of New Yorkgreen2 sentences2020Furthermore, there is no evidence in the record that the accident was reported to the municipal defendants within 90 days after the claim arose ( see Washington v City of New York , 72 NY2d 881, 883 ; Matter of Klass v City of New York , 103 AD3d at 801 ; Matter of National Grange Mut. 2007In addition, he failed to establish that the respondent had knowledge of the essential facts underlying his claim within 90 days of its accrual, or within a reasonable time thereafter (see Washington v City of New York, 72 NY2d 881, 883 [1988]; see also Matter of Martinez v New York City Hous. | 1 | 2 |
| Prime Time Holdings, LLC v. U.S. Alliance Federal Credit Uniongreen | 1 | 2 |
| Matter of Vincent v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Matter of Beverly F.green | 1 | 1 |
| Lanphere v. County of Washingtongreen | 1 | 1 |
| Tonissen v. Huntington U.F.S.D.green | 1 | 1 |
| Thomas v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Gelish v. Dix Hills Water Districtgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Ambrico v. Lynbrook Union Free School Districtgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Gershanow v. Town of Clarkstowngreen | 1 | 1 |
| Katsiouras v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Hebbard v. Carpentergreen | 1 | 1 |
| Mack v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| County of Erie v. Gateway-Longview, Inc.green | 1 | 1 |
| Allende v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Carpenter v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Jordan v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Dibella v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Grande v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Gilliam v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Weber v. County of Suffolkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Turner v. Town of Oyster Baygreen | 1 | 1 |
| Miles v. City of New Yorkgreen | 1 | 1 |
| Case | Negative | Cited |
|---|---|---|
| No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New York. Read the followed side critically anyway. | ||
| Case | Cited | Years |
|---|---|---|
Hardayal v. City of New York
neutral
2 sentences2020The fact that the New York City Police Department had knowledge of this accident, without more, cannot be considered actual knowledge by the municipal defendants of the essential facts underlying the claim against them ( see Matter of Cruz v Transdev Servs., Inc. , 160 AD3d 729 , 731; Matter of Klass v City of New York , 103 AD3d 800, 801 ; Hardayal v City of New York , 281 AD2d 593 ). 2018The fact that the Nassau County Police Department had actual knowledge of the accident, without more, cannot be considered actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim against the respondents ( see Matter of Klass v City of New York , 103 AD3d 800, 801 ; Hardayal v City of New York , 281 AD2d 593 ; cf. Matter of Jaffier v City of New York , 148 AD3d 1021, 1023 ). | 4 | 2013–2020 |
Durand v. MV Transp., Inc.
green
2 sentences2024No. 17]) does not prove that the MTA had actual knowledge of the essential facts constituting the claim (see Durand v MV Transportation, Inc., 186 AD3d 564 [2d Dept 2020] ["The fact that the New York City Police Department had knowledge of this accident, without more, cannot be considered actual knowledge by the [MTA and New York City Transit Authority] of the essential facts underlying the claim"]). 150940/2024 SAPINI, JUSTIN vs. 2024"The fact that the New York City Police Department had knowledge of this accident, without more, cannot be considered actual knowledge by the [New York City Transit Authority] of the essential facts underlying the claim" (Durand v MV Transp., Inc., 186 AD3d 564 [2d Dept 2020]). | 3 | 2022–2024 |
Matter of Jaffier v. City of New York
green
2 sentences2022Since the Authority had actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim and no substantial prejudice to the Authority was demonstrated, the petitioner's failure to provide a reasonable excuse for the delay in serving the notice of claim did not serve as a bar to granting leave to serve a late notice of claim ( see Matter of McVea v County of Orange , 186 AD3d at 1223 ; Matter of Jaffier v City of New York , 148 AD3d at 1023 ). 2020Since the County had actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim and no substantial prejudice to the County was demonstrated, we agree that the petitioners' failure to provide a reasonable excuse for the delay in filing their notice of claim did not serve as a bar to granting leave to serve a late notice of claim ( see Matter of Jaffier v City of New York , 148 AD3d at 1023 ; Matter of Joy v County of Suffolk , 89 AD3d at 1026-1027 ). | 3 | 2018–2022 |
Klass v. City of New York
green
2 sentences2020The fact that the New York City Police Department had knowledge of this accident, without more, cannot be considered actual knowledge by the municipal defendants of the essential facts underlying the claim against them ( see Matter of Cruz v Transdev Servs., Inc. , 160 AD3d 729 , 731; Matter of Klass v City of New York , 103 AD3d 800, 801 ; Hardayal v City of New York , 281 AD2d 593 ). 2018The fact that the Nassau County Police Department had actual knowledge of the accident, without more, cannot be considered actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim against the respondents ( see Matter of Klass v City of New York , 103 AD3d 800, 801 ; Hardayal v City of New York , 281 AD2d 593 ; cf. Matter of Jaffier v City of New York , 148 AD3d 1021, 1023 ). | 3 | 2018–2020 |
Newcomb v. Middle Country Central School District
green
2 sentences2017Plaintiff made no showing that defendant had actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying that claim (cf. Lawton, 138 AD3d at 1428 ), and plaintiff failed to meet his initial burden of presenting “some evidence or plausible argument that supports a finding of no substantial prejudice” regarding that claim (Newcomb, 28 NY3d at 466 ). 2017Plaintiff made no showing that defendant had actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying that claim (cf. Lawton, 138 AD3d at 1428 ), and plaintiff failed to meet his initial burden of presenting “some evidence or plausible argument that supports a finding of no substantial prejudice” regarding that claim (Newcomb, 28 NY3d at 466 ). | 3 | 2017–2017 |
Lawton v. Town of Orchard Park
green
2 sentences2017Plaintiff made no showing that defendant had actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying that claim (cf. Lawton, 138 AD3d at 1428 ), and plaintiff failed to meet his initial burden of presenting “some evidence or plausible argument that supports a finding of no substantial prejudice” regarding that claim (Newcomb, 28 NY3d at 466 ). 2017Plaintiff made no showing that defendant had actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying that claim (cf. Lawton, 138 AD3d at 1428 ), and plaintiff failed to meet his initial burden of presenting “some evidence or plausible argument that supports a finding of no substantial prejudice” regarding that claim (Newcomb, 28 NY3d at 466 ). | 3 | 2017–2017 |
Conte v. Valley Stream Central High School District
green
2 sentences2012High School Dist., 23 AD3d 328 [2005]). 2012High School Dist., 23 AD3d 328 [2005]). | 3 | 2007–2012 |
I. N. v. City of Yonkers
green
2 sentences2024Contrary to the petitioner's contention, the evidence submitted in support of the petition failed to establish that the appellants acquired actual knowledge of the essential facts constituting the claim within 90 days after the claim arose or a reasonable time thereafter ( see Matter of Bermudez v City of New York , 167 AD3d at 734). "'Actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim means knowledge of the facts that underlie the legal theory or theories on which liability is predicated in the [proposed] notice of claim; the public corporation need not have specific notice of the t 2023They did not provide the defendant with actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim later asserted—that the students were negligently supervised ( see I.N. v City of Yonkers , 203 AD3d at 723 ; Matter of Zelin v Blind Brook-Rye Union Free Sch. | 2 | 2023–2024 |
Matter of McVea v. County of Orange
green
2 sentences2023Auth. , 204 AD3d at 915 ; Matter of McVea v County of Orange , 186 AD3d at 1223 ). 2022Since the Authority had actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim and no substantial prejudice to the Authority was demonstrated, the petitioner's failure to provide a reasonable excuse for the delay in serving the notice of claim did not serve as a bar to granting leave to serve a late notice of claim ( see Matter of McVea v County of Orange , 186 AD3d at 1223 ; Matter of Jaffier v City of New York , 148 AD3d at 1023 ). | 2 | 2022–2023 |
Sparrow v. Hewlett-Woodmere Union Free School District
green
2 sentences2017Dist. [#14], 110 AD3d 905 , 907 [2013]; Matter of Felice v Eastport/South Manor Cent. 2015Dist. [#14], 110 AD3d 905 , 907 [2013]; Matter of Joseph v City of New York, 101 AD3d 721, 722 [2012]; Matter of Doyle v Elwood Union Free School Dist., 39 AD3d 544, 545 [2007]; Matter of Scott v Huntington Union Free School Dist., 29 AD3d 1010, 1011 [2006]). | 2 | 2015–2017 |
Candino v. Starpoint Central School District
green
2 sentences2014Dist., 115 AD3d 1170 , 1171 [2014]). 2 Notably, actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim requires more than “mere notice of the underlying occurrence” (Matter of Candino v Starpoint Cent. 2014Dist., 115 AD3d 1170 , 1171 [2014]). 2 Notably, actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying the claim requires more than “mere notice of the underlying occurrence” (Matter of Candino v Starpoint Cent. | 2 | 2014–2014 |
Alvarenga v. Finlay
green
2 sentences2011Here, the petitioner demonstrated that the County of Suffolk and the Town of Smithtown (hereinafter together the respondents) acquired timely knowledge of the essential facts underlying her claim by way of the timely notices of claim and copies of the police accident report served upon them by Tatyana Yusupova, a passenger in the same vehicle in which the petitioner was a passenger at the time of accident, who also allegedly sustained injuries in the accident (see Jordan v City of New York, 41 AD3d at 660; Matter of Alvarenga v Finlay, 225 AD2d 617 [1996]). 2007Here, the defendant City of New York timely acquired actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying this claim by way of the timely notices of claim served by Nicole Julius and Natalie Jordan, passengers in the plaintiffs vehicle at the time of the accident who also allegedly sustained injuries in the accident (see Matter of Alvarenga v Finlay, supra; cf. Matter of Mangona v Village of Greenwich, 252 AD2d 732 [1998]; Rudd v Andrews, 199 AD2d 772 [1993]). | 2 | 2007–2011 |
Cattell v. Town of Brookhaven
green
2 sentences2007Moreover, the record does not support the petitioner’s contention that the County of Nassau had actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying her claim within 90 days of the accident and therefore would not be substantially prejudiced in preparing a defense if the application were granted (see Matter of Cattell v Town of Brookhaven, 21 AD3d 896 [2005]; Matter of Gillum v County of Nassau, 284 AD2d 533 [2001]). 2007Moreover, the record does not support the petitioner’s contention that the County of Nassau had actual knowledge of the essential facts underlying his claim within 90 days of the accident and therefore would not be substantially prejudiced in preparing a defense if the application were granted (see Matter of Cattell v Town of Brookhaven, 21 AD3d 896 [2005]; Matter of Gillum v County of Nassau, 284 AD2d 533 [2001]). | 2 | 2007–2007 |
| Gillum v. County of Nassau green | 2 | 2007–2007 |
| Fox v. City of New York green | 2 | 1994–1999 |
| Matter of Brown v. City of New York neutral | 1 | 2024–2024 |
| Matter of McGrue v. City of New York green | 1 | 2024–2024 |
| Matter of Cruz v. City of New York green | 1 | 2024–2024 |
| Matter of Manbodh v. New York City Tr. Auth. neutral | 1 | 2023–2023 |
| Etienne v. City of New York green | 1 | 2022–2022 |
| Joy v. County of Suffolk green | 1 | 2020–2020 |
| Farfan v. City of New York green | 1 | 2018–2018 |
| Matter of Gonzalez v. City of New York green | 1 | 2016–2016 |
| Schoen v. City of New York green | 1 | 2011–2011 |
| Singh v. City of New York green | 1 | 2011–2011 |
| Portnov v. City of Glen Cove green | 1 | 2011–2011 |
| Formisano v. Eastchester Union Free School District green | 1 | 2009–2009 |
| Rudd v. Andrews green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| Montero v. New York City Health & Hospitals Corp. green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| Nardi v. County of Westchester green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| Gibbs v. City of New York green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| Mangona v. Village of Greenwich green | 1 | 2007–2007 |
| Olsen v. County of Nassau green | 1 | 2005–2005 |
| Palumbo v. City of BufFalo green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Kelly v. County of Westchester green | 1 | 2004–2004 |
| Micali v. Union Free Valley Stream School District 24 neutral | 1 | 2004–2004 |
Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.