notable exception in New Jersey

9 New Jersey opinions name it 2 courts 1976–2010 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by New Jersey courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (11)

Case	Followed	Cited
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguezgreen scotus · 1973 · cited in 3 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1976–1976 2 sentences 1976In these cases 38 the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a "compelling state interest." San Antonio Independent School Dist. v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1, 17 , 93 S.Ct. 1278 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 16, 33 (1973), reh. den., 411 U.S. 959 , 93 S.Ct. 1919 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 418 (1973); Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618, 658 , 89 S.Ct. 1322 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 600, 629 (1969) (Harlan, J., dissenting); McDonald v. Bd. of Election, 394 U.S. 802 , 89 S.Ct. 1404 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 739 (1969); "Developments in the Law Equal Protection," 82 Harv. 1976In these cases 38 the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a "compelling state interest." San Antonio Independent School Dist. v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1, 17 , 93 S.Ct. 1278 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 16, 33 (1973), reh. den., 411 U.S. 959 , 93 S.Ct. 1919 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 418 (1973); Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618, 658 , 89 S.Ct. 1322 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 600, 629 (1969) (Harlan, J., dissenting); McDonald v. Bd. of Election, 394 U.S. 802 , 89 S.Ct. 1404 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 739 (1969); "Developments in the Law Equal Protection," 82 Harv.	3	3
In Re Wilsongreen nj · 1979 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2010–2010 2 sentences 2010See In re Wilson, 81 N.J. 451, 453 , 409 A. 2d 1153 (1979). 2010See In re Wilson, 81 N.J. 451, 453 , 409 A. 2d 1153 (1979).	1	1
State v. Davisgreen minn · 1993 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 2004–2004 1 sentence 2004Davis, supra, 504 N.W.2d at 774 (Wahl, J., dissenting). 5 The Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas is a notable exception to that trend.	1	1
Gambocz v. Apelgreen nj · 1968 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993 2 sentences 1993See State v. Conforti, 53 N.J. 239, 244-45 , 250 A.2d 6 (1969) (noting that in making its determination, “the jury should not be influenced by a consideration of what will be the result of its verdict, nor should its attention be distracted from its chief function”) (quoting State v. Bell, 102 N.J.Super. 70, 75-76 , 245 A.2d 370 (1968), certif. denied 52 N.J. 485 , 246 A.2d 447 (1968) (citations omitted)). 1993See State v. Conforti, 53 N.J. 239, 244-45 , 250 A.2d 6 (1969) (noting that in making its determination, “the jury should not be influenced by a consideration of what will be the result of its verdict, nor should its attention be distracted from its chief function”) (quoting State v. Bell, 102 N.J.Super. 70, 75-76 , 245 A.2d 370 (1968), certif. denied 52 N.J. 485 , 246 A.2d 447 (1968) (citations omitted)).	1	1
State v. Bellgreen njsuperctappdiv · 1968 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993 2 sentences 1993See State v. Conforti, 53 N.J. 239, 244-45 , 250 A.2d 6 (1969) (noting that in making its determination, “the jury should not be influenced by a consideration of what will be the result of its verdict, nor should its attention be distracted from its chief function”) (quoting State v. Bell, 102 N.J.Super. 70, 75-76 , 245 A.2d 370 (1968), certif. denied 52 N.J. 485 , 246 A.2d 447 (1968) (citations omitted)). 1993See State v. Conforti, 53 N.J. 239, 244-45 , 250 A.2d 6 (1969) (noting that in making its determination, “the jury should not be influenced by a consideration of what will be the result of its verdict, nor should its attention be distracted from its chief function”) (quoting State v. Bell, 102 N.J.Super. 70, 75-76 , 245 A.2d 370 (1968), certif. denied 52 N.J. 485 , 246 A.2d 447 (1968) (citations omitted)).	1	1
State v. Confortigreen nj · 1969 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993 2 sentences 1993See State v. Conforti, 53 N.J. 239, 244-45 , 250 A.2d 6 (1969) (noting that in making its determination, “the jury should not be influenced by a consideration of what will be the result of its verdict, nor should its attention be distracted from its chief function”) (quoting State v. Bell, 102 N.J.Super. 70, 75-76 , 245 A.2d 370 (1968), certif. denied 52 N.J. 485 , 246 A.2d 447 (1968) (citations omitted)). 1993See State v. Conforti, 53 N.J. 239, 244-45 , 250 A.2d 6 (1969) (noting that in making its determination, “the jury should not be influenced by a consideration of what will be the result of its verdict, nor should its attention be distracted from its chief function”) (quoting State v. Bell, 102 N.J.Super. 70, 75-76 , 245 A.2d 370 (1968), certif. denied 52 N.J. 485 , 246 A.2d 447 (1968) (citations omitted)).	1	1
State v. Sennogreen nj · 1979 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980 2 sentences 1980In these cases the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a ‘compelling state interest.’ ” Taxpayers Ass’n of Weymouth Tp. v. Weymouth Tp., 80 N.J. 6 , 37-38 (1976); accord, State v. Senno, 79 N.J. 216, 225 (1979); Robbiani v. Burke, 77 N.J. 383, 391-392 (1978); State v. Krol, 68 N.J. 236, 253 (1975); see San Antonio Indep. 1980In these cases the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a `compelling state interest.'" Taxpayers Ass'n of Weymouth Tp. v. Weymouth Tp., 80 N.J. 6, 37-38 (1976); accord, State v. Senno, 79 N.J. 216, 225 (1979); Robbiani v. Burke, 77 N.J. 383, 391-392 (1978); State v. Krol, 68 N.J. 236, 253 (1975); see San Antonio Indep.	1	1
TAXPAYERS ASSN. OF WEYMOUTH TP. INC. v. Weymouth Tp.green nj · 1976 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980 2 sentences 1980In these cases the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a ‘compelling state interest.’ ” Taxpayers Ass’n of Weymouth Tp. v. Weymouth Tp., 80 N.J. 6 , 37-38 (1976); accord, State v. Senno, 79 N.J. 216, 225 (1979); Robbiani v. Burke, 77 N.J. 383, 391-392 (1978); State v. Krol, 68 N.J. 236, 253 (1975); see San Antonio Indep. 1980In these cases the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a `compelling state interest.'" Taxpayers Ass'n of Weymouth Tp. v. Weymouth Tp., 80 N.J. 6, 37-38 (1976); accord, State v. Senno, 79 N.J. 216, 225 (1979); Robbiani v. Burke, 77 N.J. 383, 391-392 (1978); State v. Krol, 68 N.J. 236, 253 (1975); see San Antonio Indep.	1	1
State v. Krolgreen nj · 1975 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980 2 sentences 1980In these cases the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a ‘compelling state interest.’ ” Taxpayers Ass’n of Weymouth Tp. v. Weymouth Tp., 80 N.J. 6 , 37-38 (1976); accord, State v. Senno, 79 N.J. 216, 225 (1979); Robbiani v. Burke, 77 N.J. 383, 391-392 (1978); State v. Krol, 68 N.J. 236, 253 (1975); see San Antonio Indep. 1980In these cases the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a `compelling state interest.'" Taxpayers Ass'n of Weymouth Tp. v. Weymouth Tp., 80 N.J. 6, 37-38 (1976); accord, State v. Senno, 79 N.J. 216, 225 (1979); Robbiani v. Burke, 77 N.J. 383, 391-392 (1978); State v. Krol, 68 N.J. 236, 253 (1975); see San Antonio Indep.	1	1
Robbiani v. Burkegreen nj · 1978 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1980–1980 2 sentences 1980In these cases the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a ‘compelling state interest.’ ” Taxpayers Ass’n of Weymouth Tp. v. Weymouth Tp., 80 N.J. 6 , 37-38 (1976); accord, State v. Senno, 79 N.J. 216, 225 (1979); Robbiani v. Burke, 77 N.J. 383, 391-392 (1978); State v. Krol, 68 N.J. 236, 253 (1975); see San Antonio Indep. 1980In these cases the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a `compelling state interest.'" Taxpayers Ass'n of Weymouth Tp. v. Weymouth Tp., 80 N.J. 6, 37-38 (1976); accord, State v. Senno, 79 N.J. 216, 225 (1979); Robbiani v. Burke, 77 N.J. 383, 391-392 (1978); State v. Krol, 68 N.J. 236, 253 (1975); see San Antonio Indep.	1	1
Shapiro v. Thompsongreen scotus · 1969 · cited in 1 New Jersey opinions naming this issue, 1976–1976 2 sentences 1976In these cases 38 the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a "compelling state interest." San Antonio Independent School Dist. v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1, 17 , 93 S.Ct. 1278 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 16, 33 (1973), reh. den., 411 U.S. 959 , 93 S.Ct. 1919 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 418 (1973); Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618, 658 , 89 S.Ct. 1322 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 600, 629 (1969) (Harlan, J., dissenting); McDonald v. Bd. of Election, 394 U.S. 802 , 89 S.Ct. 1404 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 739 (1969); "Developments in the Law Equal Protection," 82 Harv. 1976In these cases 38 the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a "compelling state interest." San Antonio Independent School Dist. v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1, 17 , 93 S.Ct. 1278 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 16, 33 (1973), reh. den., 411 U.S. 959 , 93 S.Ct. 1919 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 418 (1973); Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618, 658 , 89 S.Ct. 1322 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 600, 629 (1969) (Harlan, J., dissenting); McDonald v. Bd. of Election, 394 U.S. 802 , 89 S.Ct. 1404 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 739 (1969); "Developments in the Law Equal Protection," 82 Harv.	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in New Jersey. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (4)

Case	Cited	Years
Miranda v. Arizona green scotus · 1966 2 sentences 1999Miranda, supra, 384 U.S. at 436 , 86 S.Ct. 1602 , 16 L.Ed. 2d 694 (1966). 1999Miranda, supra, 384 U.S. at 436 , 86 S.Ct. 1602 , 16 L.Ed. 2d 694 (1966).	1	1999–1999
Gold v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp. green njd · 1982 1 sentence 1985The only notable exception to this trend is the New Jersey District Court's opinion in Gold v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp., 553 F. Supp. 482 (D.N.J. 1982).	1	1985–1985
McDonald v. Board of Election Comm'rs of Chicago green scotus · 1969 2 sentences 1976In these cases 38 the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a "compelling state interest." San Antonio Independent School Dist. v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1, 17 , 93 S.Ct. 1278 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 16, 33 (1973), reh. den., 411 U.S. 959 , 93 S.Ct. 1919 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 418 (1973); Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618, 658 , 89 S.Ct. 1322 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 600, 629 (1969) (Harlan, J., dissenting); McDonald v. Bd. of Election, 394 U.S. 802 , 89 S.Ct. 1404 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 739 (1969); "Developments in the Law Equal Protection," 82 Harv. 1976In these cases 38 the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a "compelling state interest." San Antonio Independent School Dist. v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1, 17 , 93 S.Ct. 1278 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 16, 33 (1973), reh. den., 411 U.S. 959 , 93 S.Ct. 1919 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 418 (1973); Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618, 658 , 89 S.Ct. 1322 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 600, 629 (1969) (Harlan, J., dissenting); McDonald v. Bd. of Election, 394 U.S. 802 , 89 S.Ct. 1404 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 739 (1969); "Developments in the Law Equal Protection," 82 Harv.	1	1976–1976
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez green scotus · 1973 1 sentence 1976In these cases *38 the burden is on the state to show that the classification serves a "compelling state interest." San Antonio Independent School Dist. v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1, 17 , 93 S.Ct. 1278 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 16, 33 (1973), reh. den., 411 U.S. 959 , 93 S.Ct. 1919 , 36 L.Ed. 2d 418 (1973); Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618, 658 , 89 S.Ct. 1322 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 600, 629 (1969) (Harlan, J., dissenting); McDonald v. Bd. of Election, 394 U.S. 802 , 89 S.Ct. 1404 , 22 L.Ed. 2d 739 (1969); "Developments in the Law Equal Protection," 82 Harv.	1	1976–1976

Where else courts name it

CA 19 (1976–2024) NY 17 (1955–2014) OH 16 (1905–2026) FL 15 (1973–2015) TX 13 (1945–2026) IL 13 (1979–2024) IN 12 (1885–2020) OR 10 (1962–2024) NJ 9 (1976–2010) AR 9 (1999–2022) GA 7 (1931–1994) PA 6 (1965–2024) SC 6 (1939–2020) MD 6 (1959–2020) HI 5 (1999–2022) MN 5 (1902–2026) TN 5 (1997–2013) KS 5 (1903–2025) MI 5 (2006–2023) CT 4 (1972–2023) MO 4 (1987–2009) LA 4 (1953–2018) WA 3 (2001–2025) DC 3 (1997–2020) WV 3 (1974–2022) CO 3 (1963–2017) AK 3 (1996–2015) ID 2 (1989–2006) AZ 2 (1971–2013) SD 2 (1983–2024) KY 2 (2011–2016) OK 2 (1913–1953) NM 2 (1982–2003) WI 2 (1959–2008) AL 2 (2000–2001) NE 2 (1981–2018) IA 2 (1968–2020)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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