minimum national standard in Connecticut

66 Connecticut opinions name it 3 courts 1984–2026 6 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Connecticut courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (9)

Case	Followed	Cited
State v. Joycegreen conn · 1994 · cited in 3 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1994–2021 2 sentences 2021State v. Marsala, 216 Conn. 150, 160 , 579 A.2d 58 (1990); Cologne v. Westf- arms Associates, 192 Conn. 48, 57 , 469 A.2d 1201 (1984); see also State v. Joyce, 229 Conn. 15–16, 639 A.2d 1007 (1993) (‘‘[i]t is well established that federal constitu- tional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher lev- els of protection of such rights’’); cf. State v. Dukes, 209 Conn. 98, 114 , 547 A.2d 10 (1988) (law of land may not also be law of this state in context of our state constitution). 2021State v. Marsala, 216 Conn. 150, 160 , 579 A.2d 58 (1990); Cologne v. Westf- arms Associates, 192 Conn. 48, 57 , 469 A.2d 1201 (1984); see also State v. Joyce, 229 Conn. 15–16, 639 A.2d 1007 (1993) (‘‘[i]t is well established that federal constitu- tional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher lev- els of protection of such rights’’); cf. State v. Dukes, 209 Conn. 98, 114 , 547 A.2d 10 (1988) (law of land may not also be law of this state in context of our state consti- tution)	3	3
Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Healthgreen conn · 2008 · cited in 2 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2016–2017 2 sentences 2017(Internal quotation marks omit- ted.) State v. Geisler, supra, 222 Conn. 684 ; see also Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Health, 289 Conn. 135 , 155–56, 957 A.2d 407 (2008); State v. Ledbetter, supra, 275 Conn. 560 ; State v. Linares, supra, 232 Conn. 378–79; Fair Cadillac-Oldsmobile Isuzu Partnership v. Bailey, 229 Conn. 312 , 316–17, 640 A.2d 101 (1994). 2017(Internal quotation marks omit- ted.) State v. Geisler, supra, 222 Conn. 684 ; see also Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Health, 289 Conn. 135 , 155–56, 957 A.2d 407 (2008); State v. Ledbetter, supra, 275 Conn. 560 ; State v. Linares, supra, 232 Conn. 378–79; Fair Cadillac-Oldsmobile Isuzu Partnership v. Bailey, 229 Conn. 312 , 316–17, 640 A.2d 101 (1994).	2	2
State v. Geislergreen conn · 1992 · cited in 25 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1992–2026 2 sentences 2021State v. Marsala, 216 Conn. 150, 160 , 579 A.2d 58 (1990); Cologne v. Westf- arms Associates, 192 Conn. 48, 57 , 469 A.2d 1201 (1984); see also State v. Joyce, 229 Conn. 15–16, 639 A.2d 1007 (1993) (‘‘[i]t is well established that federal constitu- tional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher lev- els of protection of such rights’’); cf. State v. Dukes, 209 Conn. 98, 114 , 547 A.2d 10 (1988) (law of land may not also be law of this state in context of our state constitution). 2021State v. Marsala, 216 Conn. 150, 160 , 579 A.2d 58 (1990); Cologne v. Westf- arms Associates, 192 Conn. 48, 57 , 469 A.2d 1201 (1984); see also State v. Joyce, 229 Conn. 15–16, 639 A.2d 1007 (1993) (‘‘[i]t is well established that federal constitu- tional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher lev- els of protection of such rights’’); cf. State v. Dukes, 209 Conn. 98, 114 , 547 A.2d 10 (1988) (law of land may not also be law of this state in context of our state constitution).	1	25
State v. Lockhartgreen conn · 2010 · cited in 3 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2015–2022 2 sentences 2022It is well established that ‘‘federal constitutional . . . law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Lockhart, 298 Conn. 537, 546 , 4 A.3d 1176 (2010). 2022It is well established that ‘‘federal constitutional . . . law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Lockhart, 298 Conn. 537, 546 , 4 A.3d 1176 (2010).	1	3
State v. Doschergreen conn · 1977 · cited in 2 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1985–1993 2 sentences 1993See State v. Miller, 29 Conn. App. 207, 222 , 614 A.2d 1229 (1992) (decisions of the United States Supreme Court defining fundamental rights are persuasive authority to be afforded respectful consideration, but they are to be followed by Connecticut courts only when they provide no less individual protection than is guaranteed by Connecticut law), quoting Horton v. Meskill, 172 Conn. 615, 641-42 , 376 A.2d 359 (1977). 1985This court has recognized this as its duty and, in this specific context, we said quite clearly in Horton v. Meskill, 172 Conn. 615 , 376 A.2d 359 (1977), that “[i]n the area of fundamental civil liberties — which includes all protections of the declaration of rights contained in article first of the Connecticut constitution— we sit as a court of last resort, subject only to the qualification that our interpretations may not restrict the guarantees accorded the national citizenry under the federal charter.	1	2
Horton v. Meskillgreen conn · 1977 · cited in 2 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1985–1993 2 sentences 1993See State v. Miller, 29 Conn. App. 207, 222 , 614 A.2d 1229 (1992) (decisions of the United States Supreme Court defining fundamental rights are persuasive authority to be afforded respectful consideration, but they are to be followed by Connecticut courts only when they provide no less individual protection than is guaranteed by Connecticut law), quoting Horton v. Meskill, 172 Conn. 615, 641-42 , 376 A.2d 359 (1977). 1985This court has recognized this as its duty and, in this specific context, we said quite clearly in Horton v. Meskill, 172 Conn. 615 , 376 A.2d 359 (1977), that “[i]n the area of fundamental civil liberties — which includes all protections of the declaration of rights contained in article first of the Connecticut constitution— we sit as a court of last resort, subject only to the qualification that our interpretations may not restrict the guarantees accorded the national citizenry under the federal charter.	1	2
Ramos v. Town of Vernongreen conn · 2000 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 2008–2008	1	1
PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robinsgreen scotus · 1980 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1995–1995	1	1
State v. Millergreen connappct · 1992 · cited in 1 Connecticut opinions naming this issue, 1993–1993	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Connecticut. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (41)

Case	Cited	Years
Cologne v. Westfarms Associates green conn · 1984 2 sentences 2021State v. Marsala, 216 Conn. 150, 160 , 579 A.2d 58 (1990); Cologne v. Westf- arms Associates, 192 Conn. 48, 57 , 469 A.2d 1201 (1984); see also State v. Joyce, 229 Conn. 15–16, 639 A.2d 1007 (1993) (‘‘[i]t is well established that federal constitu- tional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher lev- els of protection of such rights’’); cf. State v. Dukes, 209 Conn. 98, 114 , 547 A.2d 10 (1988) (law of land may not also be law of this state in context of our state constitution). 2021State v. Marsala, 216 Conn. 150, 160 , 579 A.2d 58 (1990); Cologne v. Westf- arms Associates, 192 Conn. 48, 57 , 469 A.2d 1201 (1984); see also State v. Joyce, 229 Conn. 15–16, 639 A.2d 1007 (1993) (‘‘[i]t is well established that federal constitu- tional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher lev- els of protection of such rights’’); cf. State v. Dukes, 209 Conn. 98, 114 , 547 A.2d 10 (1988) (law of land may not also be law of this state in context of our state constitution).	21	1985–2021
State v. Oquendo green conn · 1992 2 sentences 1999Justice Glass eloquently reminded us in State v. Oquendo, 223 Conn. 635, 649 , 613 A.2d 1300 (1992), that “[i]t is well established that federal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights. . . . 1999Justice Glass eloquently reminded us in State v. Oquendo, 223 Conn. 635, 649 , 613 A.2d 1300 (1992), that “[i]t is well established that federal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights. . . .	6	1993–2010
State v. Barton green conn · 1991 2 sentences 2008Moreover, “[i]t is beyond debate that federal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights.” (Emphasis in original; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Morales, 232 Conn. 707, 716 , 657 A.2d 585 (1995), quoting State v. Barton, 219 Conn. 529, 546 , 594 A.2d 917 (1991). 2008Moreover, “[i]t is beyond debate that federal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights.” (Emphasis in original; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Morales, 232 Conn. 707, 716 , 657 A.2d 585 (1995), quoting State v. Barton, 219 Conn. 529, 546 , 594 A.2d 917 (1991).	6	1992–2008
State v. Miller green conn · 1993 2 sentences 2016"It is well established that federal constitutional ... law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights...." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Miller, 227 Conn. 363 , 379, 630 A.2d 1315 (1993) ; see also State v. Santiago, supra, 318 Conn. at 18-19 , 122 A.3d 1 (rule applies to eighth amendment protections). 2016"It is well established that federal constitutional ... law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights...." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Miller, 227 Conn. 363 , 379, 630 A.2d 1315 (1993) ; see also State v. Santiago, supra, 318 Conn. at 18-19 , 122 A.3d 1 (rule applies to eighth amendment protections).	5	1994–2016
State v. Marsala green conn · 1990 2 sentences 2021State v. Marsala, 216 Conn. 150, 160 , 579 A.2d 58 (1990); Cologne v. Westf- arms Associates, 192 Conn. 48, 57 , 469 A.2d 1201 (1984); see also State v. Joyce, 229 Conn. 15–16, 639 A.2d 1007 (1993) (‘‘[i]t is well established that federal constitu- tional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher lev- els of protection of such rights’’); cf. State v. Dukes, 209 Conn. 98, 114 , 547 A.2d 10 (1988) (law of land may not also be law of this state in context of our state constitution). 2021State v. Marsala, 216 Conn. 150, 160 , 579 A.2d 58 (1990); Cologne v. Westf- arms Associates, 192 Conn. 48, 57 , 469 A.2d 1201 (1984); see also State v. Joyce, 229 Conn. 15–16, 639 A.2d 1007 (1993) (‘‘[i]t is well established that federal constitu- tional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher lev- els of protection of such rights’’); cf. State v. Dukes, 209 Conn. 98, 114 , 547 A.2d 10 (1988) (law of land may not also be law of this state in context of our state constitution).	4	1995–2021
Fair Cadillac-Oldsmobile Isuzu Partnership v. Bailey green conn · 1994 2 sentences 1994As we stated in State v. Geisler, 222 Conn. 672, 684 , 610 A.2d 1225 (1992), ‘federal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection . . . .’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.)” Fair Cadillac-Oldsmobile Isuzu Partnership v. Bailey, 229 Conn. 312, 316-17 , 640 A.2d 101 (1994); see also State v. Joyce, 229 Conn. 10, 15-16 , 639 A.2d 1007 (1994). 1994As we stated in State v. Geisler, 222 Conn. 672, 684 , 610 A.2d 1225 (1992), ‘federal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection . . . .’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.)” Fair Cadillac-Oldsmobile Isuzu Partnership v. Bailey, 229 Conn. 312, 316-17 , 640 A.2d 101 (1994); see also State v. Joyce, 229 Conn. 10, 15-16 , 639 A.2d 1007 (1994).	3	1994–2017
State v. Rizzo green conn · 2003 2 sentences 2005“It is well established that federal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Rizzo, 266 Conn. 171, 206 , 833 A.2d 363 (2003). 2005“It is well established that federal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Rizzo, 266 Conn. 171, 206 , 833 A.2d 363 (2003).	3	2005–2011
State v. Morales green conn · 1995 2 sentences 2008Moreover, “[i]t is beyond debate that federal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights.” (Emphasis in original; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Morales, 232 Conn. 707, 716 , 657 A.2d 585 (1995), quoting State v. Barton, 219 Conn. 529, 546 , 594 A.2d 917 (1991). 2008Moreover, “[i]t is beyond debate that federal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights.” (Emphasis in original; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Morales, 232 Conn. 707, 716 , 657 A.2d 585 (1995), quoting State v. Barton, 219 Conn. 529, 546 , 594 A.2d 917 (1991).	3	1995–2008
State v. Dukes green conn · 1988 2 sentences 2021State v. Marsala, 216 Conn. 150, 160 , 579 A.2d 58 (1990); Cologne v. Westf- arms Associates, 192 Conn. 48, 57 , 469 A.2d 1201 (1984); see also State v. Joyce, 229 Conn. 15–16, 639 A.2d 1007 (1993) (‘‘[i]t is well established that federal constitu- tional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher lev- els of protection of such rights’’); cf. State v. Dukes, 209 Conn. 98, 114 , 547 A.2d 10 (1988) (law of land may not also be law of this state in context of our state constitution). 2021State v. Marsala, 216 Conn. 150, 160 , 579 A.2d 58 (1990); Cologne v. Westf- arms Associates, 192 Conn. 48, 57 , 469 A.2d 1201 (1984); see also State v. Joyce, 229 Conn. 15–16, 639 A.2d 1007 (1993) (‘‘[i]t is well established that federal constitu- tional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher lev- els of protection of such rights’’); cf. State v. Dukes, 209 Conn. 98, 114 , 547 A.2d 10 (1988) (law of land may not also be law of this state in context of our state constitution).	2	2021–2021
State v. Taupier green conn · 2018 2 sentences 2021The factors that we consider are (1) the text of the relevant constitutional provisions; (2) related Connecti- cut precedents; (3) persuasive federal precedents; (4) persuasive precedents of other state courts; (5) histori- cal insights into the intent of [the] constitutional [fram- ers]; and (6) contemporary understandings of applica- ble economic and sociological norms [otherwise described as public policies].’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Sawyer, 335 Conn. 29, 50 , 225 A.3d 668 (2020); State v. Taupier, 330 Conn. 149, 175 , 193 A.3d 1 (2018), cert. denied, U.S. , 139 S. Ct. 2021The factors that we consider are (1) the text of the relevant constitutional provisions; (2) related Connecti- cut precedents; (3) persuasive federal precedents; (4) persuasive precedents of other state courts; (5) histori- cal insights into the intent of [the] constitutional [fram- ers]; and (6) contemporary understandings of applica- ble economic and sociological norms [otherwise described as public policies].’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Sawyer, 335 Conn. 29, 50 , 225 A.3d 668 (2020); State v. Taupier, 330 Conn. 149, 175 , 193 A.3d 1 (2018), cert. denied, U.S. , 139 S. Ct.	2	2021–2021
In re Kennedy green scotus · 2019 2 sentences 2021The factors that we consider are (1) the text of the relevant constitutional provisions; (2) related Connecti- cut precedents; (3) persuasive federal precedents; (4) persuasive precedents of other state courts; (5) histori- cal insights into the intent of [the] constitutional [fram- ers]; and (6) contemporary understandings of applica- ble economic and sociological norms [otherwise described as public policies].’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Sawyer, 335 Conn. 29, 50 , 225 A.3d 668 (2020); State v. Taupier, 330 Conn. 149, 175 , 193 A.3d 1 (2018), cert. denied, U.S. , 139 S. Ct. 2021The factors that we consider are (1) the text of the relevant constitutional provisions; (2) related Connecti- cut precedents; (3) persuasive federal precedents; (4) persuasive precedents of other state courts; (5) histori- cal insights into the intent of [the] constitutional [fram- ers]; and (6) contemporary understandings of applica- ble economic and sociological norms [otherwise described as public policies].’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Sawyer, 335 Conn. 29, 50 , 225 A.3d 668 (2020); State v. Taupier, 330 Conn. 149, 175 , 193 A.3d 1 (2018), cert. denied, U.S. , 139 S. Ct.	2	2021–2021
Wilson v. Office of the Comm'r of the Revenue of Stafford Cnty. green scotus · 2019 2 sentences 2021The factors that we consider are (1) the text of the relevant constitutional provisions; (2) related Connecti- cut precedents; (3) persuasive federal precedents; (4) persuasive precedents of other state courts; (5) histori- cal insights into the intent of [the] constitutional [fram- ers]; and (6) contemporary understandings of applica- ble economic and sociological norms [otherwise described as public policies].’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Sawyer, 335 Conn. 29, 50 , 225 A.3d 668 (2020); State v. Taupier, 330 Conn. 149, 175 , 193 A.3d 1 (2018), cert. denied, U.S. , 139 S. Ct. 2021The factors that we consider are (1) the text of the relevant constitutional provisions; (2) related Connecti- cut precedents; (3) persuasive federal precedents; (4) persuasive precedents of other state courts; (5) histori- cal insights into the intent of [the] constitutional [fram- ers]; and (6) contemporary understandings of applica- ble economic and sociological norms [otherwise described as public policies].’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Sawyer, 335 Conn. 29, 50 , 225 A.3d 668 (2020); State v. Taupier, 330 Conn. 149, 175 , 193 A.3d 1 (2018), cert. denied, U.S. , 139 S. Ct.	2	2021–2021
State v. Sawyer green conn · 2020 2 sentences 2021The factors that we consider are (1) the text of the relevant constitutional provisions; (2) related Connecti- cut precedents; (3) persuasive federal precedents; (4) persuasive precedents of other state courts; (5) histori- cal insights into the intent of [the] constitutional [fram- ers]; and (6) contemporary understandings of applica- ble economic and sociological norms [otherwise described as public policies].’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Sawyer, 335 Conn. 29, 50 , 225 A.3d 668 (2020); State v. Taupier, 330 Conn. 149, 175 , 193 A.3d 1 (2018), cert. denied, U.S. , 139 S. Ct. 2021The factors that we consider are (1) the text of the relevant constitutional provisions; (2) related Connecti- cut precedents; (3) persuasive federal precedents; (4) persuasive precedents of other state courts; (5) histori- cal insights into the intent of [the] constitutional [fram- ers]; and (6) contemporary understandings of applica- ble economic and sociological norms [otherwise described as public policies].’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Sawyer, 335 Conn. 29, 50 , 225 A.3d 668 (2020); State v. Taupier, 330 Conn. 149, 175 , 193 A.3d 1 (2018), cert. denied, U.S. , 139 S. Ct.	2	2021–2021
State v. Linares green conn · 1995 2 sentences 2017In order to determine whether the Connecticut constitution affords broader protection than the national minimum, this court analyzes the familiar Geisler factors: "(1) the 'textual' approach-consideration of the specific words in the constitution; (2) holdings and dicta of this court and the Appellate Court; (3) federal precedent; (4) the 'sibling' approach-examination of other states' decisions; (5) the 'historical' approach-including consideration of the historical constitutional setting and the debates of the framers; and (6) economic and sociological, or public policy, considerations." Sta 2017In order to determine whether the Connecticut constitution affords broader protection than the national minimum, this court analyzes the familiar Geisler factors: "(1) the 'textual' approach-consideration of the specific words in the constitution; (2) holdings and dicta of this court and the Appellate Court; (3) federal precedent; (4) the 'sibling' approach-examination of other states' decisions; (5) the 'historical' approach-including consideration of the historical constitutional setting and the debates of the framers; and (6) economic and sociological, or public policy, considerations." Sta	2	2016–2017
City of Mesquite v. Aladdin's Castle, Inc. green scotus · 1982 2 sentences 1993“Federal law, whether based upon statute or constitution, establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights.” Cologne v. Westfarms Associates, 192 Conn. 48, 57 , 469 A.2d 1201 (1984); Mesquite v. Aladdin’s Castle, Inc., 455 U.S. 283, 293 , 102 S. Ct. 1070 , 71 L. 1993“Federal law, whether based upon statute or constitution, establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights.” Cologne v. Westfarms Associates, 192 Conn. 48, 57 , 469 A.2d 1201 (1984); Mesquite v. Aladdin’s Castle, Inc., 455 U.S. 283, 293 , 102 S. Ct. 1070 , 71 L.	2	1984–1993
State v. Harris green conn · 2018 1 sentence 2025Recognizing that the federal constitution establishes a minimum national standard and that states are permit- ted to afford greater protections, in State v. Harris, supra, 330 Conn. 91 , we considered whether the due process provision of article first, § 8, of the state consti- tution ‘‘affords greater protection than the federal due process clause with respect to the admissibility of an eyewitness identification following an unnecessarily suggestive identification procedure.’’ Id., 114.	1	2025–2025
State v. Caracoglia green connappct · 2003 2 sentences 2017Accordingly, in order to comport with the requirements of the first amendment, § 53a-181(a)(5)"proscribes fighting words that tend to induce immediate violence by the person or persons to whom the words are uttered because of their raw effect." State v. Caracoglia , supra, 78 Conn.App. at 110 , 826 A.2d 192 . "[F]ederal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher level of protection for such rights." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Trusz v. UBS Realty Investors, L 2017Accordingly, in order to comport with the requirements of the first amendment, § 53a-181(a)(5)"proscribes fighting words that tend to induce immediate violence by the person or persons to whom the words are uttered because of their raw effect." State v. Caracoglia , supra, 78 Conn.App. at 110 , 826 A.2d 192 . "[F]ederal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher level of protection for such rights." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Trusz v. UBS Realty Investors, L	1	2017–2017
State v. Saturno green conn · 2016 2 sentences 2017"It is well established that federal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Saturno , 322 Conn. 80 , 102, 139 A.3d 629 (2016). 2017"It is well established that federal constitutional and statutory law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Saturno , 322 Conn. 80 , 102, 139 A.3d 629 (2016).	1	2017–2017
State v. Ross green conn · 1994 2 sentences 2016"It is well established that federal constitutional law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Ross, 230 Conn. 183 , 247, 646 A.2d 1318 (1994), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1165 , 115 S.Ct. 1133 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1095 (1995). 2016"It is well established that federal constitutional law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Ross, 230 Conn. 183 , 247, 646 A.2d 1318 (1994), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1165 , 115 S.Ct. 1133 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1095 (1995).	1	2016–2016
State v. Ledbetter green conn · 2005 2 sentences 2016(Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Geisler , supra, 222 Conn. at 684 , 610 A.2d 1225 ; see also Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Health , 289 Conn. 135 , 155-56, 957 A.2d 407 (2008) ; State v. Ledbetter , supra, 275 Conn. at 560 , 881 A.2d 290 ; State v. Linares , supra, 232 Conn. at 378 -79 , 655 A.2d 737 ; Fair Cadillac-Oldsmobile Isuzu Partnership v. Bailey , 229 Conn. 312 , 316-17, 640 A.2d 101 (1994). 2016(Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Geisler , supra, 222 Conn. at 684 , 610 A.2d 1225 ; see also Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Health , 289 Conn. 135 , 155-56, 957 A.2d 407 (2008) ; State v. Ledbetter , supra, 275 Conn. at 560 , 881 A.2d 290 ; State v. Linares , supra, 232 Conn. at 378 -79 , 655 A.2d 737 ; Fair Cadillac-Oldsmobile Isuzu Partnership v. Bailey , 229 Conn. 312 , 316-17, 640 A.2d 101 (1994).	1	2016–2016
Harris v. Schaefer green scotus · 1995 1 sentence 2016"It is well established that federal constitutional law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Ross, 230 Conn. 183 , 247, 646 A.2d 1318 (1994), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1165 , 115 S.Ct. 1133 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1095 (1995).	1	2016–2016
Njoku v. Schmidt green scotus · 1995 1 sentence 2016"It is well established that federal constitutional law establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state governments from affording higher levels of protection for such rights." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Ross, 230 Conn. 183 , 247, 646 A.2d 1318 (1994), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 1165 , 115 S.Ct. 1133 , 130 L.Ed.2d 1095 (1995).	1	2016–2016
State v. Wade green conn · 2010 2 sentences 2014The analytical framework by which we determine whether, in any given instance, our state constitution affords broader protection to our citizens than the federal constitutional minimum is well settled.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Wade, 297 Conn. 262 , 286–87, 998 A.2d 1114 (2010). ‘‘[I]n State v. Geisler, 222 Conn. 672, 685 , 610 A.2d 1225 (1992), we set forth six factors that, to the extent applicable, are to be considered in construing the con- tours of our state constitution so that we may reach reasoned and principled results as to its meaning. 2014The analytical framework by which we determine whether, in any given instance, our state constitution affords broader protection to our citizens than the federal constitutional minimum is well settled.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Wade, 297 Conn. 262 , 286–87, 998 A.2d 1114 (2010). ‘‘[I]n State v. Geisler, 222 Conn. 672, 685 , 610 A.2d 1225 (1992), we set forth six factors that, to the extent applicable, are to be considered in construing the con- tours of our state constitution so that we may reach reasoned and principled results as to its meaning.	1	2014–2014
TOWN OF BOZRAH v. Chmurynski green conn · 2012 2 sentences 2012The equal protection clause of the Connecticut constitution, article first, § 20, as amended by articles five and twenty-one of the amendments, provides: “No person shall be denied the equal protection of the law nor be subjected to segregation or discrimination in the exercise or enjoyment of his or her civil or political rights because of religion, race, color, ancestry, national origin, sex or physical or mental disability.” “[F]ederal law, whether based upon statute or constitution, establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state gov 2012The equal protection clause of the Connecticut constitution, article first, § 20, as amended by articles five and twenty-one of the amendments, provides: “No person shall be denied the equal protection of the law nor be subjected to segregation or discrimination in the exercise or enjoyment of his or her civil or political rights because of religion, race, color, ancestry, national origin, sex or physical or mental disability.” “[F]ederal law, whether based upon statute or constitution, establishes a minimum national standard for the exercise of individual rights and does not inhibit state gov	1	2012–2012
State v. Jenkins green conn · 2010	1	2011–2011
State v. Kimbro green conn · 1985	1	2008–2008
State v. McKenzie-Adams green conn · 2007	1	2007–2007
Mackall v. Angelone green scotus · 1998	1	2005–2005
Tuchman v. Connecticut green scotus · 1998	1	2005–2005
Midwest Operating Engineers Welfare Fund v. Williams green scotus · 1998	1	2005–2005
Dunaway v. New York green scotus · 1979	1	2005–2005
State v. Tuchman green conn · 1997	1	2005–2005
State v. Luurtsema green conn · 2002	1	2005–2005
Miranda v. Arizona green scotus · 1966	1	2005–2005
State v. Wilkins green conn · 1997	1	2001–2001
State v. Golding green conn · 1989	1	1996–1996
Massachusetts v. Podgurski Et Al. green scotus · 1983	1	1996–1996
Ford Motor Co. v. Hasson ex rel. Hasson green scotus · 1983	1	1996–1996
Hernandez v. United States green scotus · 1983	1	1996–1996
Commonwealth v. Podgurski green mass · 1982	1	1996–1996

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-199 (26) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-54a (12) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-70 (8) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 21a-278 (7) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-54b (7) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 54-94a (7) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 21a-279 (6) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-46a (6) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-48 (6) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-134 (5) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-3 (5) CT § Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-54c (5)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CT 66 (1984–2026) ID 2 (2007–2007)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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