vague standard in Texas

9 Texas opinions name it 3 courts 1992–2015 0 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by Texas courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (3)

Case	Followed	Cited
Chris W. Henry, Trustee in Bankruptcy for Midwest Battery, Inc., and Cross-Appellant v. Chloride, Inc., a Delaware Corporation, and Cross-Appelleegreen ca8 · 1987 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992 2 sentences 1992See Henry v. Chloride, Inc., 809 F.2d 1334, 1346 (8th Cir. 1987); International Air Industries, Inc. v. American Excelsior Co., 517 F.2d 714, 722-23 (5th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 943 , 96 S.Ct. 1411 , 47 L.Ed.2d 349 (1976). 1992See Henry v. Chloride, Inc., 809 F.2d 1334, 1346 (8th Cir. 1987); International Air Industries, Inc. v. American Excelsior Co., 517 F.2d 714, 722-23 (5th Cir.1975), cert, denied, 424 U.S. 943 , 96 S.Ct. 1411 , 47 L.Ed.2d 349 (1976).	1	1
International Air Industries, Inc. And Vebco, Inc. v. American Excelsior Companygreen ca5 · 1975 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992 2 sentences 1992See Henry v. Chloride, Inc., 809 F.2d 1334, 1346 (8th Cir. 1987); International Air Industries, Inc. v. American Excelsior Co., 517 F.2d 714, 722-23 (5th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 943 , 96 S.Ct. 1411 , 47 L.Ed.2d 349 (1976). 1992See Henry v. Chloride, Inc., 809 F.2d 1334, 1346 (8th Cir. 1987); International Air Industries, Inc. v. American Excelsior Co., 517 F.2d 714, 722-23 (5th Cir.1975), cert, denied, 424 U.S. 943 , 96 S.Ct. 1411 , 47 L.Ed.2d 349 (1976).	1	1
City of Houston v. Leegreen texapp · 1988 · cited in 1 Texas opinions naming this issue, 1992–1992 2 sentences 1992City of Houston v. Lee, 762 S.W.2d 180, 181 (Tex.App.Houston [1st Dist.], 1988), rev'd, 807 S.W.2d 290 (Tex. 1991). [6] 807 S.W.2d at 294 . [7] 807 S.W.2d at 292 . [8] "Until the legislature clearly defines the scope of the Fire Fighters' and Police Officers' Civil Service System, courts will be left to apply the vague standard we discern today to increasingly complex bureaucracies." 807 S.W.2d at 294 n. 9. [9] 807 S.W.2d at 291 . [10] See n. 2. [11] The relief relators seek is dependent on the existence of classified vacancies. 1992The court of appeals determined that no classified vacancies had been created. 762 S.W.2d at 188 .	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in Texas. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (6)

Case	Cited	Years
Texas Ass'n of Business v. Texas Air Control Board green tex · 1993 2 sentences 2015Nor does the majority attempt to explain Page 16 852 S.W.2d 440 , ; 1993 Tex. LEXIS 22 , ; 36 Tex. Sup. J. 607 impose some slight financial strain on some hypothetical This very mandate of the people, as well as protection of polluter. the public health and safety was effectuated in the Clean Air Act, 6 the Texas Water Code, 7 and the Solid Waste Whether examined under either the vague test em- Disposal Act, 8 including the right to assess administrative ployed today or my more exacting formulation, the ma- penalties. 2015*No claim to original U.S. Government Works. 15 Texas Ass'n of Business v. Texas Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440 (1993) Whether examined under either the vague test employed today or my more exacting formulation, the majority's conclusory analysis suffers from at least three major flaws: (1) a failure to recognize the compelling interest, grounded in our state constitution, served by administrative penalties, including prepayment provisions; (2) a disregard of the extensive statutory constraints on penalty usage which represents the least restrictive means to achieve this purpose; and (3) an as	3	2015–2015
Caller-Times Publishing Co. v. Triad Communications, Inc. green tex · 1992 2 sentences 2005Id. 2005Id.	2	2005–2005
Lee v. City of Houston green tex · 1991 2 sentences 1992City of Houston v. Lee, 762 S.W.2d 180, 181 (Tex.App.Houston [1st Dist.], 1988), rev'd, 807 S.W.2d 290 (Tex. 1991). [6] 807 S.W.2d at 294 . [7] 807 S.W.2d at 292 . [8] "Until the legislature clearly defines the scope of the Fire Fighters' and Police Officers' Civil Service System, courts will be left to apply the vague standard we discern today to increasingly complex bureaucracies." 807 S.W.2d at 294 n. 9. [9] 807 S.W.2d at 291 . [10] See n. 2. [11] The relief relators seek is dependent on the existence of classified vacancies. 1992City of Houston v. Lee, 762 S.W.2d 180, 181 (Tex.App.Houston [1st Dist.], 1988), rev'd, 807 S.W.2d 290 (Tex. 1991). [6] 807 S.W.2d at 294 . [7] 807 S.W.2d at 292 . [8] "Until the legislature clearly defines the scope of the Fire Fighters' and Police Officers' Civil Service System, courts will be left to apply the vague standard we discern today to increasingly complex bureaucracies." 807 S.W.2d at 294 n. 9. [9] 807 S.W.2d at 291 . [10] See n. 2. [11] The relief relators seek is dependent on the existence of classified vacancies.	2	1992–1993
Maynard v. State green texcrimapp · 1985 2 sentences 1995Id. at 65-66 . 1995Id. at 65-66 . *192 Recognizing the manifest unfairness of this rule, the Court in Maynard overruled cases to the contrary and held that no waiver occurs when, after the admission over objection of evidence of an extraneous offense, the defendant testifies to essentially the same facts to which he had earlier objected.	1	1995–1995
Camil v. Superior Court of California green scotus · 1976 2 sentences 1992See Henry v. Chloride, Inc., 809 F.2d 1334, 1346 (8th Cir. 1987); International Air Industries, Inc. v. American Excelsior Co., 517 F.2d 714, 722-23 (5th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 943 , 96 S.Ct. 1411 , 47 L.Ed.2d 349 (1976). 1992See Henry v. Chloride, Inc., 809 F.2d 1334, 1346 (8th Cir. 1987); International Air Industries, Inc. v. American Excelsior Co., 517 F.2d 714, 722-23 (5th Cir.1975), cert, denied, 424 U.S. 943 , 96 S.Ct. 1411 , 47 L.Ed.2d 349 (1976).	1	1992–1992
International Air Industries, Inc. v. American Excelsior Co. green scotus · 1976 2 sentences 1992See Henry v. Chloride, Inc., 809 F.2d 1334, 1346 (8th Cir. 1987); International Air Industries, Inc. v. American Excelsior Co., 517 F.2d 714, 722-23 (5th Cir.1975), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 943 , 96 S.Ct. 1411 , 47 L.Ed.2d 349 (1976). 1992See Henry v. Chloride, Inc., 809 F.2d 1334, 1346 (8th Cir. 1987); International Air Industries, Inc. v. American Excelsior Co., 517 F.2d 714, 722-23 (5th Cir.1975), cert, denied, 424 U.S. 943 , 96 S.Ct. 1411 , 47 L.Ed.2d 349 (1976).	1	1992–1992

Statutes the citing opinions construe

TX § Tex. Agric. Code § 12.020 (3) TX § Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 52.137 (3) TX § Tex. Tax Code § 112.051 (3) TX § Tex. Util. Code § 39.051 (3) TX § Tex. Water Code § 26.003 (3) USC § 15u.s.c.2 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 26 (1940–2024) PA 24 (1991–2026) NY 21 (1978–2020) CT 9 (1986–2023) TX 9 (1992–2015) AZ 9 (1992–2022) WA 9 (1979–2020) OR 8 (1953–2023) MO 7 (1981–2018) IA 5 (1942–2024) IL 5 (1980–2026) LA 5 (1996–2014) AL 4 (2001–2014) FL 4 (1994–2011) OH 3 (2002–2019) TN 3 (2008–2012) UT 3 (1994–2017) MA 3 (1982–1984) IN 2 (1993–2008) MT 2 (1999–2001) NC 2 (2024–2025) WY 2 (1987–1989) VT 2 (2000–2014) WI 2 (2010–2024) NM 2 (2005–2016) MN 2 (2003–2005) ME 2 (2009–2009) CO 2 (1984–2020) NJ 2 (1989–1998)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

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