Montana rule in Montana

1983“Montana’s standard for determining whether there has been sufficient evidence as to a theory introduced to warrant the granting of an instruction is set forth in State v. Buckley (1976), Mont., 557 P.2d 283 , 33 St.Rep. 1204 , 1207: “ ‘. . .the District Court’s instructions must cover every issue or theory having support in the evidence, and the inquiry of the District Court must only be whether or not any evidence exists in the record to warrant an instruction on mitigated deliberate homicide.’ “This is the standard to be used when dealing with all lesser included instructions, regardless of

1983"Montana's standard for determining whether there has been sufficient evidence as to a theory introduced to warrant the granting of an instruction is set forth in State v. Buckley (1976), Mont., 557 P.2d 283 , 33 St.Rep. 1204 , 1207: "`... the district court's instructions must cover every issue or theory having support in the evidence, and the inquiry of the district court must only be whether or not any evidence exists in the record to warrant an instruction on mitigated deliberate homicide.' "This is the standard to be used when dealing with all lesser included instructions, regardless of t

2001State v. Davis, 2000 MT 199, ¶ 41 , 300 Mont. 458, ¶ 41 , 5 P.3d 547, ¶ 41 ; State v. Hall, 1999 MT 297, ¶ 47 , 297 Mont. 111, ¶ 47 , 991 P.2d 929, ¶ 47 ; State v. Patton (1996), 280 Mont. 278, 290 , 930 P.2d 635, 642 ; State v. Banning (1921), 60 Mont. 362, 364-65 , 199 P. 274 , 275 overruled on other grounds by State v. Campbell (1965), 146 Mont. 251, 263 , 405 P.2d 978, 985 ; State v. Paisley (1907), 36 Mont. 237, 252 , 92 P. 566, 571 ; see also United States v. Flores (5th Cir. 1977), 564 F.2d 717, 718-19 (finding flight alone insufficient to infer guilt beyond a reasonable doubt).

2001State v. Davis, 2000 MT 199, ¶ 41 , 300 Mont. 458, ¶ 41 , 5 P.3d 547, ¶ 41 ; State v. Hall, 1999 MT 297, ¶ 47 , 297 Mont. 111, ¶ 47 , 991 P.2d 929, ¶ 47 ; State v. Patton (1996), 280 Mont. 278, 290 , 930 P.2d 635, 642 ; State v. Banning (1921), 60 Mont. 362, 364-65 , 199 P. 274 , 275 overruled on other grounds by State v. Campbell (1965), 146 Mont. 251, 263 , 405 P.2d 978, 985 ; State v. Paisley (1907), 36 Mont. 237, 252 , 92 P. 566, 571 ; see also United States v. Flores (5th Cir. 1977), 564 F.2d 717, 718-19 (finding flight alone insufficient to infer guilt beyond a reasonable doubt).

2001State v. Davis, 2000 MT 199, ¶ 41 , 300 Mont. 458, ¶ 41 , 5 P.3d 547, ¶ 41 ; State v. Hall, 1999 MT 297, ¶ 47 , 297 Mont. 111, ¶ 47 , 991 P.2d 929, ¶ 47 ; State v. Patton (1996), 280 Mont. 278, 290 , 930 P.2d 635, 642 ; State v. Banning (1921), 60 Mont. 362, 364-65 , 199 P. 274 , 275 overruled on other grounds by State v. Campbell (1965), 146 Mont. 251, 263 , 405 P.2d 978, 985 ; State v. Paisley (1907), 36 Mont. 237, 252 , 92 P. 566, 571 ; see also United States v. Flores (5th Cir. 1977), 564 F.2d 717, 718-19 (finding flight alone insufficient to infer guilt beyond a reasonable doubt).

2001State v. Davis, 2000 MT 199, ¶ 41 , 300 Mont. 458, ¶ 41 , 5 P.3d 547, ¶ 41 ; State v. Hall, 1999 MT 297, ¶ 47 , 297 Mont. 111, ¶ 47 , 991 P.2d 929, ¶ 47 ; State v. Patton (1996), 280 Mont. 278, 290 , 930 P.2d 635, 642 ; State v. Banning (1921), 60 Mont. 362, 364-65 , 199 P. 274 , 275 overruled on other grounds by State v. Campbell (1965), 146 Mont. 251, 263 , 405 P.2d 978, 985 ; State v. Paisley (1907), 36 Mont. 237, 252 , 92 P. 566, 571 ; see also United States v. Flores (5th Cir. 1977), 564 F.2d 717, 718-19 (finding flight alone insufficient to infer guilt beyond a reasonable doubt).

2001State v. Davis, 2000 MT 199, ¶ 41 , 300 Mont. 458, ¶ 41 , 5 P.3d 547, ¶ 41 ; State v. Hall, 1999 MT 297, ¶ 47 , 297 Mont. 111, ¶ 47 , 991 P.2d 929, ¶ 47 ; State v. Patton (1996), 280 Mont. 278, 290 , 930 P.2d 635, 642 ; State v. Banning (1921), 60 Mont. 362, 364-65 , 199 P. 274 , 275 overruled on other grounds by State v. Campbell (1965), 146 Mont. 251, 263 , 405 P.2d 978, 985 ; State v. Paisley (1907), 36 Mont. 237, 252 , 92 P. 566, 571 ; see also United States v. Flores (5th Cir. 1977), 564 F.2d 717, 718-19 (finding flight alone insufficient to infer guilt beyond a reasonable doubt).

2001State v. Davis, 2000 MT 199, ¶ 41 , 300 Mont. 458, ¶ 41 , 5 P.3d 547, ¶ 41 ; State v. Hall, 1999 MT 297, ¶ 47 , 297 Mont. 111, ¶ 47 , 991 P.2d 929, ¶ 47 ; State v. Patton (1996), 280 Mont. 278, 290 , 930 P.2d 635, 642 ; State v. Banning (1921), 60 Mont. 362, 364-65 , 199 P. 274 , 275 overruled on other grounds by State v. Campbell (1965), 146 Mont. 251, 263 , 405 P.2d 978, 985 ; State v. Paisley (1907), 36 Mont. 237, 252 , 92 P. 566, 571 ; see also United States v. Flores (5th Cir. 1977), 564 F.2d 717, 718-19 (finding flight alone insufficient to infer guilt beyond a reasonable doubt).

2001In re Goldman (1978), 179 Mont. 526, 549-50 , 588 P.2d 964, 977 ; Fitzpatrick, 186 Mont. at 195-98 , 606 P.2d at 1348-49 ; Woods, 203 Mont. at 411-12 , 662 P.2d at 584 ; compare State v. Mally (1961), 139 Mont. 599, 608-09 , 366 P.2d 868, 873 (holding conviction based in part on prior inconsistent statement valid before current rule was enacted); State v. Borchert (1970), 156 Mont. 315, 320 , 479 P.2d 454, 457 ; State v. Longacre (1975), 168 Mont. 311, 312-13 , 542 P.2d 1221, 1222 . ¶17 The original draft of Federal Rule 801(d)(1)(A) as recommended to Congress by the United States Supreme Cour

2001In re Goldman (1978), 179 Mont. 526, 549-50 , 588 P.2d 964, 977 ; Fitzpatrick, 186 Mont. at 195-98 , 606 P.2d at 1348-49 ; Woods, 203 Mont. at 411-12 , 662 P.2d at 584 ; compare State v. Mally (1961), 139 Mont. 599, 608-09 , 366 P.2d 868, 873 (holding conviction based in part on prior inconsistent statement valid before current rule was enacted); State v. Borchert (1970), 156 Mont. 315, 320 , 479 P.2d 454, 457 ; State v. Longacre (1975), 168 Mont. 311, 312-13 , 542 P.2d 1221, 1222 . ¶17 The original draft of Federal Rule 801(d)(1)(A) as recommended to Congress by the United States Supreme Cour

2001In re Goldman (1978), 179 Mont. 526, 549-50 , 588 P.2d 964, 977 ; Fitzpatrick, 186 Mont. at 195-98 , 606 P.2d at 1348-49 ; Woods, 203 Mont. at 411-12 , 662 P.2d at 584 ; compare State v. Mally (1961), 139 Mont. 599, 608-09 , 366 P.2d 868, 873 (holding conviction based in part on prior inconsistent statement valid before current rule was enacted); State v. Borchert (1970), 156 Mont. 315, 320 , 479 P.2d 454, 457 ; State v. Longacre (1975), 168 Mont. 311, 312-13 , 542 P.2d 1221, 1222 . ¶17 The original draft of Federal Rule 801(d)(1)(A) as recommended to Congress by the United States Supreme Cour

2001In re Goldman (1978), 179 Mont. 526, 549-50 , 588 P.2d 964, 977 ; Fitzpatrick, 186 Mont. at 195-98 , 606 P.2d at 1348-49 ; Woods, 203 Mont. at 411-12 , 662 P.2d at 584 ; compare State v. Mally (1961), 139 Mont. 599, 608-09 , 366 P.2d 868, 873 (holding conviction based in part on prior inconsistent statement valid before current rule was enacted); State v. Borchert (1970), 156 Mont. 315, 320 , 479 P.2d 454, 457 ; State v. Longacre (1975), 168 Mont. 311, 312-13 , 542 P.2d 1221, 1222 . ¶17 The original draft of Federal Rule 801(d)(1)(A) as recommended to Congress by the United States Supreme Cour

2001State v. White Water (1981), 194 Mont. 85, 89 , 634 P.2d 636, 639 ; State v. Gommenginger (1990), 242 Mont. 265, 278 , 790 P.2d 455, 463 ; State v. Jolly (1941), 112 Mont 352, 355-56 , 116 P.2d 686, 687-88 (holding prior inconsistent statement insufficient for conviction before the current Montana rule was enacted); compare State v. Fitzpatrick (1980), 186 Mont. 187, 195-98 , 606 P.2d 1343, 1348-49 (holding prior inconsistent statement of witness admissible as substantive evidence); State v. Woods (1983), 203 Mont. 401, 411-12 , 662 P.2d 579, 584 . ¶13 Further, we have frequently held that evi

2001State v. White Water (1981), 194 Mont. 85, 89 , 634 P.2d 636, 639 ; State v. Gommenginger (1990), 242 Mont. 265, 278 , 790 P.2d 455, 463 ; State v. Jolly (1941), 112 Mont 352, 355-56 , 116 P.2d 686, 687-88 (holding prior inconsistent statement insufficient for conviction before the current Montana rule was enacted); compare State v. Fitzpatrick (1980), 186 Mont. 187, 195-98 , 606 P.2d 1343, 1348-49 (holding prior inconsistent statement of witness admissible as substantive evidence); State v. Woods (1983), 203 Mont. 401, 411-12 , 662 P.2d 579, 584 . ¶13 Further, we have frequently held that evi

2001State v. White Water (1981), 194 Mont. 85, 89 , 634 P.2d 636, 639 ; State v. Gommenginger (1990), 242 Mont. 265, 278 , 790 P.2d 455, 463 ; State v. Jolly (1941), 112 Mont 352, 355-56 , 116 P.2d 686, 687-88 (holding prior inconsistent statement insufficient for conviction before the current Montana rule was enacted); compare State v. Fitzpatrick (1980), 186 Mont. 187, 195-98 , 606 P.2d 1343, 1348-49 (holding prior inconsistent statement of witness admissible as substantive evidence); State v. Woods (1983), 203 Mont. 401, 411-12 , 662 P.2d 579, 584 . ¶13 Further, we have frequently held that evi

2001State v. White Water (1981), 194 Mont. 85, 89 , 634 P.2d 636, 639 ; State v. Gommenginger (1990), 242 Mont. 265, 278 , 790 P.2d 455, 463 ; State v. Jolly (1941), 112 Mont 352, 355-56 , 116 P.2d 686, 687-88 (holding prior inconsistent statement insufficient for conviction before the current Montana rule was enacted); compare State v. Fitzpatrick (1980), 186 Mont. 187, 195-98 , 606 P.2d 1343, 1348-49 (holding prior inconsistent statement of witness admissible as substantive evidence); State v. Woods (1983), 203 Mont. 401, 411-12 , 662 P.2d 579, 584 . ¶13 Further, we have frequently held that evi

2001State v. White Water (1981), 194 Mont. 85, 89 , 634 P.2d 636, 639 ; State v. Gommenginger (1990), 242 Mont. 265, 278 , 790 P.2d 455, 463 ; State v. Jolly (1941), 112 Mont 352, 355-56 , 116 P.2d 686, 687-88 (holding prior inconsistent statement insufficient for conviction before the current Montana rule was enacted); compare State v. Fitzpatrick (1980), 186 Mont. 187, 195-98 , 606 P.2d 1343, 1348-49 (holding prior inconsistent statement of witness admissible as substantive evidence); State v. Woods (1983), 203 Mont. 401, 411-12 , 662 P.2d 579, 584 . ¶13 Further, we have frequently held that evi

2001State v. White Water (1981), 194 Mont. 85, 89 , 634 P.2d 636, 639 ; State v. Gommenginger (1990), 242 Mont. 265, 278 , 790 P.2d 455, 463 ; State v. Jolly (1941), 112 Mont 352, 355-56 , 116 P.2d 686, 687-88 (holding prior inconsistent statement insufficient for conviction before the current Montana rule was enacted); compare State v. Fitzpatrick (1980), 186 Mont. 187, 195-98 , 606 P.2d 1343, 1348-49 (holding prior inconsistent statement of witness admissible as substantive evidence); State v. Woods (1983), 203 Mont. 401, 411-12 , 662 P.2d 579, 584 . ¶13 Further, we have frequently held that evi

2001State v. Davis, 2000 MT 199, ¶ 41 , 300 Mont. 458, ¶ 41 , 5 P.3d 547, ¶ 41 ; State v. Hall, 1999 MT 297, ¶ 47 , 297 Mont. 111, ¶ 47 , 991 P.2d 929, ¶ 47 ; State v. Patton (1996), 280 Mont. 278, 290 , 930 P.2d 635, 642 ; State v. Banning (1921), 60 Mont. 362, 364-65 , 199 P. 274 , 275 overruled on other grounds by State v. Campbell (1965), 146 Mont. 251, 263 , 405 P.2d 978, 985 ; State v. Paisley (1907), 36 Mont. 237, 252 , 92 P. 566, 571 ; see also United States v. Flores (5th Cir. 1977), 564 F.2d 717, 718-19 (finding flight alone insufficient to infer guilt beyond a reasonable doubt).

2001State v. Davis, 2000 MT 199, ¶ 41 , 300 Mont. 458, ¶ 41 , 5 P.3d 547, ¶ 41 ; State v. Hall, 1999 MT 297, ¶ 47 , 297 Mont. 111, ¶ 47 , 991 P.2d 929, ¶ 47 ; State v. Patton (1996), 280 Mont. 278, 290 , 930 P.2d 635, 642 ; State v. Banning (1921), 60 Mont. 362, 364-65 , 199 P. 274 , 275 overruled on other grounds by State v. Campbell (1965), 146 Mont. 251, 263 , 405 P.2d 978, 985 ; State v. Paisley (1907), 36 Mont. 237, 252 , 92 P. 566, 571 ; see also United States v. Flores (5th Cir. 1977), 564 F.2d 717, 718-19 (finding flight alone insufficient to infer guilt beyond a reasonable doubt).

2001State v. Davis, 2000 MT 199, ¶ 41 , 300 Mont. 458, ¶ 41 , 5 P.3d 547, ¶ 41 ; State v. Hall, 1999 MT 297, ¶ 47 , 297 Mont. 111, ¶ 47 , 991 P.2d 929, ¶ 47 ; State v. Patton (1996), 280 Mont. 278, 290 , 930 P.2d 635, 642 ; State v. Banning (1921), 60 Mont. 362, 364-65 , 199 P. 274 , 275 overruled on other grounds by State v. Campbell (1965), 146 Mont. 251, 263 , 405 P.2d 978, 985 ; State v. Paisley (1907), 36 Mont. 237, 252 , 92 P. 566, 571 ; see also United States v. Flores (5th Cir. 1977), 564 F.2d 717, 718-19 (finding flight alone insufficient to infer guilt beyond a reasonable doubt).

2001State v. Davis, 2000 MT 199, ¶ 41 , 300 Mont. 458, ¶ 41 , 5 P.3d 547, ¶ 41 ; State v. Hall, 1999 MT 297, ¶ 47 , 297 Mont. 111, ¶ 47 , 991 P.2d 929, ¶ 47 ; State v. Patton (1996), 280 Mont. 278, 290 , 930 P.2d 635, 642 ; State v. Banning (1921), 60 Mont. 362, 364-65 , 199 P. 274 , 275 overruled on other grounds by State v. Campbell (1965), 146 Mont. 251, 263 , 405 P.2d 978, 985 ; State v. Paisley (1907), 36 Mont. 237, 252 , 92 P. 566, 571 ; see also United States v. Flores (5th Cir. 1977), 564 F.2d 717, 718-19 (finding flight alone insufficient to infer guilt beyond a reasonable doubt).

2001State v. Davis, 2000 MT 199, ¶ 41 , 300 Mont. 458, ¶ 41 , 5 P.3d 547, ¶ 41 ; State v. Hall, 1999 MT 297, ¶ 47 , 297 Mont. 111, ¶ 47 , 991 P.2d 929, ¶ 47 ; State v. Patton (1996), 280 Mont. 278, 290 , 930 P.2d 635, 642 ; State v. Banning (1921), 60 Mont. 362, 364-65 , 199 P. 274 , 275 overruled on other grounds by State v. Campbell (1965), 146 Mont. 251, 263 , 405 P.2d 978, 985 ; State v. Paisley (1907), 36 Mont. 237, 252 , 92 P. 566, 571 ; see also United States v. Flores (5th Cir. 1977), 564 F.2d 717, 718-19 (finding flight alone insufficient to infer guilt beyond a reasonable doubt).

2001State v. Davis, 2000 MT 199, ¶ 41 , 300 Mont. 458, ¶ 41 , 5 P.3d 547, ¶ 41 ; State v. Hall, 1999 MT 297, ¶ 47 , 297 Mont. 111, ¶ 47 , 991 P.2d 929, ¶ 47 ; State v. Patton (1996), 280 Mont. 278, 290 , 930 P.2d 635, 642 ; State v. Banning (1921), 60 Mont. 362, 364-65 , 199 P. 274 , 275 overruled on other grounds by State v. Campbell (1965), 146 Mont. 251, 263 , 405 P.2d 978, 985 ; State v. Paisley (1907), 36 Mont. 237, 252 , 92 P. 566, 571 ; see also United States v. Flores (5th Cir. 1977), 564 F.2d 717, 718-19 (finding flight alone insufficient to infer guilt beyond a reasonable doubt).

2001In re Goldman (1978), 179 Mont. 526, 549-50 , 588 P.2d 964, 977 ; Fitzpatrick, 186 Mont. at 195-98 , 606 P.2d at 1348-49 ; Woods, 203 Mont. at 411-12 , 662 P.2d at 584 ; compare State v. Mally (1961), 139 Mont. 599, 608-09 , 366 P.2d 868, 873 (holding conviction based in part on prior inconsistent statement valid before current rule was enacted); State v. Borchert (1970), 156 Mont. 315, 320 , 479 P.2d 454, 457 ; State v. Longacre (1975), 168 Mont. 311, 312-13 , 542 P.2d 1221, 1222 . ¶17 The original draft of Federal Rule 801(d)(1)(A) as recommended to Congress by the United States Supreme Cour

2001In re Goldman (1978), 179 Mont. 526, 549-50 , 588 P.2d 964, 977 ; Fitzpatrick, 186 Mont. at 195-98 , 606 P.2d at 1348-49 ; Woods, 203 Mont. at 411-12 , 662 P.2d at 584 ; compare State v. Mally (1961), 139 Mont. 599, 608-09 , 366 P.2d 868, 873 (holding conviction based in part on prior inconsistent statement valid before current rule was enacted); State v. Borchert (1970), 156 Mont. 315, 320 , 479 P.2d 454, 457 ; State v. Longacre (1975), 168 Mont. 311, 312-13 , 542 P.2d 1221, 1222 . ¶17 The original draft of Federal Rule 801(d)(1)(A) as recommended to Congress by the United States Supreme Cour

1997II, Section 26, 1972 Montana Constitution provides that ‘the right of trial by jury is secured to all and shall remain inviolate.’ ” Fitzgerald, 217 Mont. at 116 , 703 P.2d at 155 .

1997II, Section 26, 1972 Montana Constitution provides that ‘the right of trial by jury is secured to all and shall remain inviolate.’ ” Fitzgerald, 217 Mont. at 116 , 703 P.2d at 155 .

1991Morgan, 846 F.2d at 949 ; United States v. DeNoyer (8th Cir.1987), 811 F.2d 436, 438 ; United States v. Nick (9th Cir.1979), 604 F.2d 1199, 1201-1202 .

1991Morgan, 846 F.2d at 949 ; United States v. DeNoyer (8th Cir.1987), 811 F.2d 436, 438 ; United States v. Nick (9th Cir.1979), 604 F.2d 1199, 1201-1202 .

1991Morgan, 846 F.2d at 949 ; United States v. DeNoyer (8th Cir.1987), 811 F.2d 436, 438 ; United States v. Nick (9th Cir.1979), 604 F.2d 1199, 1201-1202 .

1991Morgan, 846 F.2d at 949 ; United States v. DeNoyer (8th Cir.1987), 811 F.2d 436, 438 ; United States v. Nick (9th Cir.1979), 604 F.2d 1199, 1201-1202 .

1980State v. Hollywood [citation]: State v. Cor (1964), 144 Mont. 323 , 396 P.2d 86 .” In the present case the defendant argues that Hollywood and Campbell are based upon the lack of reliability of polygraph tests at the time those decisions were written.

1980State v. Hollywood [citation]: State v. Cor (1964), 144 Mont. 323 , 396 P.2d 86 .” In the present case the defendant argues that Hollywood and Campbell are based upon the lack of reliability of polygraph tests at the time those decisions were written.

1978The United States Supreme Court in Keeble v. United States (1973), 412 U.S. 205 , 93 S.Ct. 1993 , 36 L.Ed.2d 844 , said that the defendant is entitled to instructions on a lesser included offense, if evidence would permit the jury rationally to find him guilty of the lesser offense and acquit him of the greater.

1978The United States Supreme Court in Keeble v. United States (1973), 412 U.S. 205 , 93 S.Ct. 1993 , 36 L.Ed.2d 844 , said that the defendant is entitled to instructions on a lesser included offense, if evidence would permit the jury rationally to find him guilty of the lesser offense and acquit him of the greater.

1977In Smith Petroleum Service, Inc. v. Monsanto Chemical Co., 420 F.2d 1103 , 1116 the court stated: “* * * Under Rule 41(b), when the defendant moves for a dismissal at the completion of the plaintiff’s presentation of evidence, the trial court has two options: (1) The court as ‘trier of the facts may then determine them and render judgment against the plaintiff’ or (2) the court ‘may decline to render any judgment until the close of all the evidence.’ * * *” Therefore, we hold that a district court, when confronted with a Rule 41 (b) motion to dismiss, must rule on the motion when made at the c

1977In Smith Petroleum Service, Inc. v. Monsanto Chemical Co., 420 F.2d 1103 , 1116 the court stated: “* * * Under Rule 41(b), when the defendant moves for a dismissal at the completion of the plaintiff’s presentation of evidence, the trial court has two options: (1) The court as ‘trier of the facts may then determine them and render judgment against the plaintiff’ or (2) the court ‘may decline to render any judgment until the close of all the evidence.’ * * *” Therefore, we hold that a district court, when confronted with a Rule 41 (b) motion to dismiss, must rule on the motion when made at the c

1968“Insofar as the granting of a new trial is concerned the Montana rule was recently reiterated in Estate of Cocanougher, 141 Mont. 16 , 375 P.2d 1009 , wherein our court stated: (Omitting double quotations.) “ ‘In Herren v. Hawks, 139 Mont. [440], 365 P.2d 641, 643 , we considered the granting of new trials as follows: “ ‘There are several well-established rules governing the granting of new trials.

1968“Insofar as the granting of a new trial is concerned the Montana rule was recently reiterated in Estate of Cocanougher, 141 Mont. 16 , 375 P.2d 1009 , wherein our court stated: (Omitting double quotations.) “ ‘In Herren v. Hawks, 139 Mont. [440], 365 P.2d 641, 643 , we considered the granting of new trials as follows: “ ‘There are several well-established rules governing the granting of new trials.

1968“Insofar as the granting of a new trial is concerned the Montana rule was recently reiterated in Estate of Cocanougher, 141 Mont. 16 , 375 P.2d 1009 , wherein our court stated: (Omitting double quotations.) “ ‘In Herren v. Hawks, 139 Mont. [440], 365 P.2d 641, 643 , we considered the granting of new trials as follows: “ ‘There are several well-established rules governing the granting of new trials.

1968“Insofar as the granting of a new trial is concerned the Montana rule was recently reiterated in Estate of Cocanougher, 141 Mont. 16 , 375 P.2d 1009 , wherein our court stated: (Omitting double quotations.) “ ‘In Herren v. Hawks, 139 Mont. [440], 365 P.2d 641, 643 , we considered the granting of new trials as follows: “ ‘There are several well-established rules governing the granting of new trials.

2013P. 54(b), as to the portion of the June 19, 2012 order denying the State of Montana’s motion for summary judgment. ¶3 The District Court applied Diaz I and Blue Cross & Blue Shield v. State Auditor, 2009 MT 318 , 352 Mont. 423 , 218 P.3d 475 and concluded that the State, operating the Plan, is an insurer for purposes of Title 2, chapter 18, MCA, and that a “coordination of benefits” provision in the Plan contravened the “made whole” requirement of § 2-18-902, MCA.

2013P. 54(b), as to the portion of the June 19, 2012 order denying the State of Montana’s motion for summary judgment. ¶3 The District Court applied Diaz I and Blue Cross & Blue Shield v. State Auditor, 2009 MT 318 , 352 Mont. 423 , 218 P.3d 475 and concluded that the State, operating the Plan, is an insurer for purposes of Title 2, chapter 18, MCA, and that a “coordination of benefits” provision in the Plan contravened the “made whole” requirement of § 2-18-902, MCA.