purposes of granting immunity in California

6 California opinions name it 2 courts 1968–2025 1 in the last five years

The cases below were cited by California courts in a sentence that names this issue. Sides come from how each citing opinion treated the case (Syfertize flag on that citation), so a case can appear on both: that is where the law is contested. A red or yellow chip is the case's own overall treatment.

Followed or applied (9)

Case	Followed	Cited
Johnson v. State of Californiagreen cal · 1968 · cited in 4 California opinions naming this issue, 1970–2025 2 sentences 2025(Kemmerer, supra, 200 Cal.App.3d at p. 1438 ; see Johnson, supra, 69 Cal.2d at p. 789 [eschewing “purely mechanical analysis of ‘discretionary’ in favor of greater reliance on the policy considerations relevant to the purposes of granting immunity to the governmental agency whose employees act in discretionary capacities”].) “ ‘[E]xperience has shown that the common good is best served by permitting [public employees] to perform their assigned tasks without fear of being called to account in a civil action . . .’ [citation].” (Freeny v. City of San Buenaventura (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 1333, 134 2025(Kemmerer, supra, 200 Cal.App.3d at p. 1438 ; see Johnson, supra, 69 Cal.2d at p. 789 [eschewing “purely mechanical analysis of ‘discretionary’ in favor of greater reliance on the policy considerations relevant to the purposes of granting immunity to the governmental agency whose employees act in discretionary capacities”].) “ ‘[E]xperience has shown that the common good is best served by permitting [public employees] to perform their assigned tasks without fear of being called to account in a civil action . . .’ [citation].” (Freeny v. City of San Buenaventura (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 1333, 134	3	4
Barner v. Leedsgreen cal · 2000 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025 2 sentences 2025(Kemmerer, supra, 200 Cal.App.3d at p. 1438 ; see Johnson, supra, 69 Cal.2d at p. 789 [eschewing “purely mechanical analysis of ‘discretionary’ in favor of greater reliance on the policy considerations relevant to the purposes of granting immunity to the governmental agency whose employees act in discretionary capacities”].) “ ‘[E]xperience has shown that the common good is best served by permitting [public employees] to perform their assigned tasks without fear of being called to account in a civil action . . .’ [citation].” (Freeny v. City of San Buenaventura (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 1333, 134 2025(Kemmerer, supra, 200 Cal.App.3d at p. 1438 ; see Johnson, supra, 69 Cal.2d at p. 789 [eschewing “purely mechanical analysis of ‘discretionary’ in favor of greater reliance on the policy considerations relevant to the purposes of granting immunity to the governmental agency whose employees act in discretionary capacities”].) “ ‘[E]xperience has shown that the common good is best served by permitting [public employees] to perform their assigned tasks without fear of being called to account in a civil action . . .’ [citation].” (Freeny v. City of San Buenaventura (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 1333, 134	1	1
Freeny v. City of San Buenaventuragreen calctapp · 2013 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025 1 sentence 2025(Kemmerer, supra, 200 Cal.App.3d at p. 1438 ; see Johnson, supra, 69 Cal.2d at p. 789 [eschewing “purely mechanical analysis of ‘discretionary’ in favor of greater reliance on the policy considerations relevant to the purposes of granting immunity to the governmental agency whose employees act in discretionary capacities”].) “ ‘[E]xperience has shown that the common good is best served by permitting [public employees] to perform their assigned tasks without fear of being called to account in a civil action . . .’ [citation].” (Freeny v. City of San Buenaventura (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 1333, 134	1	1
Conway v. County of Tuolumnegreen calctapp · 2014 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 2025–2025 1 sentence 2025(Kemmerer, supra, 200 Cal.App.3d at p. 1438 ; see Johnson, supra, 69 Cal.2d at p. 789 [eschewing “purely mechanical analysis of ‘discretionary’ in favor of greater reliance on the policy considerations relevant to the purposes of granting immunity to the governmental agency whose employees act in discretionary capacities”].) “ ‘[E]xperience has shown that the common good is best served by permitting [public employees] to perform their assigned tasks without fear of being called to account in a civil action . . .’ [citation].” (Freeny v. City of San Buenaventura (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 1333, 134	1	1
Ne Casek v. City of Los Angelesgreen calctapp · 1965 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1970–1970 2 sentences 1970(Lipman v. Brisbane Elementary School Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230-234 ; see also Johnson v. State of California, supra, 69 Cal.2d 782, 789, 793-795 ; Bank of America v. County of Los Angeles, 270 Cal.App.2d 165, 171 [ 75 Cal.Rptr. 444 ]; Widdows v. Koch, 263 Cal.App.2d 228, 237, 239 [ 69 Cal.Rptr. 464 ]; Burgdorf v. Funder, 246 Cal.App.2d 443, 448 [ 54 Cal.Rptr. 805 ]; Tietz v. Los Angeles Unified School Dist., 238 Cal.App.2d 905, 908-911 [ 48 Cal.Rptr. 245 ]; Ne Casek v. City of Los Angeles, 233 Cal.App.2d 131, 133 [ 43 Cal.Rptr. 294 ].) Defendants are not liable for the injury sustained 1970(Lipman v. Brisbane Elementary School Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230-234 ; see also Johnson v. State of California, supra, 69 Cal.2d 782, 789, 793-795 ; Bank of America v. County of Los Angeles, 270 Cal.App.2d 165, 171 [ 75 Cal.Rptr. 444 ]; Widdows v. Koch, 263 Cal.App.2d 228, 237, 239 [ 69 Cal.Rptr. 464 ]; Burgdorf v. Funder, 246 Cal.App.2d 443, 448 [ 54 Cal.Rptr. 805 ]; Tietz v. Los Angeles Unified School Dist., 238 Cal.App.2d 905, 908-911 [ 48 Cal.Rptr. 245 ]; Ne Casek v. City of Los Angeles, 233 Cal.App.2d 131, 133 [ 43 Cal.Rptr. 294 ].) Defendants are not liable for the injury sustained	1	1
Tietz v. Los Angeles Unified School Districtgreen calctapp · 1965 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1970–1970 2 sentences 1970(Lipman v. Brisbane Elementary School Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230-234 ; see also Johnson v. State of California, supra, 69 Cal.2d 782, 789, 793-795 ; Bank of America v. County of Los Angeles, 270 Cal.App.2d 165, 171 [ 75 Cal.Rptr. 444 ]; Widdows v. Koch, 263 Cal.App.2d 228, 237, 239 [ 69 Cal.Rptr. 464 ]; Burgdorf v. Funder, 246 Cal.App.2d 443, 448 [ 54 Cal.Rptr. 805 ]; Tietz v. Los Angeles Unified School Dist., 238 Cal.App.2d 905, 908-911 [ 48 Cal.Rptr. 245 ]; Ne Casek v. City of Los Angeles, 233 Cal.App.2d 131, 133 [ 43 Cal.Rptr. 294 ].) Defendants are not liable for the injury sustained 1970(Lipman v. Brisbane Elementary School Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230-234 ; see also Johnson v. State of California, supra, 69 Cal.2d 782, 789, 793-795 ; Bank of America v. County of Los Angeles, 270 Cal.App.2d 165, 171 [ 75 Cal.Rptr. 444 ]; Widdows v. Koch, 263 Cal.App.2d 228, 237, 239 [ 69 Cal.Rptr. 464 ]; Burgdorf v. Funder, 246 Cal.App.2d 443, 448 [ 54 Cal.Rptr. 805 ]; Tietz v. Los Angeles Unified School Dist., 238 Cal.App.2d 905, 908-911 [ 48 Cal.Rptr. 245 ]; Ne Casek v. City of Los Angeles, 233 Cal.App.2d 131, 133 [ 43 Cal.Rptr. 294 ].) Defendants are not liable for the injury sustained	1	1
Burgdorf v. Fundergreen calctapp · 1966 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1970–1970 2 sentences 1970(Lipman v. Brisbane Elementary School Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230-234 ; see also Johnson v. State of California, supra, 69 Cal.2d 782, 789, 793-795 ; Bank of America v. County of Los Angeles, 270 Cal.App.2d 165, 171 [ 75 Cal.Rptr. 444 ]; Widdows v. Koch, 263 Cal.App.2d 228, 237, 239 [ 69 Cal.Rptr. 464 ]; Burgdorf v. Funder, 246 Cal.App.2d 443, 448 [ 54 Cal.Rptr. 805 ]; Tietz v. Los Angeles Unified School Dist., 238 Cal.App.2d 905, 908-911 [ 48 Cal.Rptr. 245 ]; Ne Casek v. City of Los Angeles, 233 Cal.App.2d 131, 133 [ 43 Cal.Rptr. 294 ].) Defendants are not liable for the injury sustained 1970(Lipman v. Brisbane Elementary School Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230-234 ; see also Johnson v. State of California, supra, 69 Cal.2d 782, 789, 793-795 ; Bank of America v. County of Los Angeles, 270 Cal.App.2d 165, 171 [ 75 Cal.Rptr. 444 ]; Widdows v. Koch, 263 Cal.App.2d 228, 237, 239 [ 69 Cal.Rptr. 464 ]; Burgdorf v. Funder, 246 Cal.App.2d 443, 448 [ 54 Cal.Rptr. 805 ]; Tietz v. Los Angeles Unified School Dist., 238 Cal.App.2d 905, 908-911 [ 48 Cal.Rptr. 245 ]; Ne Casek v. City of Los Angeles, 233 Cal.App.2d 131, 133 [ 43 Cal.Rptr. 294 ].) Defendants are not liable for the injury sustained	1	1
Bank of America v. County of Los Angelesgreen calctapp · 1969 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1970–1970 2 sentences 1970(Lipman v. Brisbane Elementary School Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230-234 ; see also Johnson v. State of California, supra, 69 Cal.2d 782, 789, 793-795 ; Bank of America v. County of Los Angeles, 270 Cal.App.2d 165, 171 [ 75 Cal.Rptr. 444 ]; Widdows v. Koch, 263 Cal.App.2d 228, 237, 239 [ 69 Cal.Rptr. 464 ]; Burgdorf v. Funder, 246 Cal.App.2d 443, 448 [ 54 Cal.Rptr. 805 ]; Tietz v. Los Angeles Unified School Dist., 238 Cal.App.2d 905, 908-911 [ 48 Cal.Rptr. 245 ]; Ne Casek v. City of Los Angeles, 233 Cal.App.2d 131, 133 [ 43 Cal.Rptr. 294 ].) Defendants are not liable for the injury sustained 1970(Lipman v. Brisbane Elementary School Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230-234 ; see also Johnson v. State of California, supra, 69 Cal.2d 782, 789, 793-795 ; Bank of America v. County of Los Angeles, 270 Cal.App.2d 165, 171 [ 75 Cal.Rptr. 444 ]; Widdows v. Koch, 263 Cal.App.2d 228, 237, 239 [ 69 Cal.Rptr. 464 ]; Burgdorf v. Funder, 246 Cal.App.2d 443, 448 [ 54 Cal.Rptr. 805 ]; Tietz v. Los Angeles Unified School Dist., 238 Cal.App.2d 905, 908-911 [ 48 Cal.Rptr. 245 ]; Ne Casek v. City of Los Angeles, 233 Cal.App.2d 131, 133 [ 43 Cal.Rptr. 294 ].) Defendants are not liable for the injury sustained	1	1
Widdows v. Kochgreen calctapp · 1968 · cited in 1 California opinions naming this issue, 1970–1970 2 sentences 1970(Lipman v. Brisbane Elementary School Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230-234 ; see also Johnson v. State of California, supra, 69 Cal.2d 782, 789, 793-795 ; Bank of America v. County of Los Angeles, 270 Cal.App.2d 165, 171 [ 75 Cal.Rptr. 444 ]; Widdows v. Koch, 263 Cal.App.2d 228, 237, 239 [ 69 Cal.Rptr. 464 ]; Burgdorf v. Funder, 246 Cal.App.2d 443, 448 [ 54 Cal.Rptr. 805 ]; Tietz v. Los Angeles Unified School Dist., 238 Cal.App.2d 905, 908-911 [ 48 Cal.Rptr. 245 ]; Ne Casek v. City of Los Angeles, 233 Cal.App.2d 131, 133 [ 43 Cal.Rptr. 294 ].) Defendants are not liable for the injury sustained 1970(Lipman v. Brisbane Elementary School Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230-234 ; see also Johnson v. State of California, supra, 69 Cal.2d 782, 789, 793-795 ; Bank of America v. County of Los Angeles, 270 Cal.App.2d 165, 171 [ 75 Cal.Rptr. 444 ]; Widdows v. Koch, 263 Cal.App.2d 228, 237, 239 [ 69 Cal.Rptr. 464 ]; Burgdorf v. Funder, 246 Cal.App.2d 443, 448 [ 54 Cal.Rptr. 805 ]; Tietz v. Los Angeles Unified School Dist., 238 Cal.App.2d 905, 908-911 [ 48 Cal.Rptr. 245 ]; Ne Casek v. City of Los Angeles, 233 Cal.App.2d 131, 133 [ 43 Cal.Rptr. 294 ].) Defendants are not liable for the injury sustained	1	1

Distinguished, questioned or overruled (0)

Case	Negative	Cited
No negative-treatment citations attached to this issue in California. Read the followed side critically anyway.

Also cited on this issue (3)

Case	Cited	Years
Lipman v. Brisbane Elementary School District red cal · 1961 2 sentences 2025Code, § 820.2 does not apply to “an officer’s conduct of an accident investigation after the officer made the discretionary decision to undertake the investigation].) 8 We point out that K.C. does not cite any laws existing at the time of the alleged incidents that compelled social workers responding to childhood sexual assault claims to achieve a particular result or left them “ ‘no choice’ ” (McCorkle, supra, 70 Cal.2d at p. 261 ) as to how to handle such claims. 11. subject [them] to the constant dread of retaliation. [Citation.]’ ” ( Kemmerer, supra, at p. 1437 , quoting Lipman v. Brisbane 1970(Lipman v. Brisbane Elementary School Dist., supra, 55 Cal.2d 224, 230-234 ; see also Johnson v. State of California, supra, 69 Cal.2d 782, 789, 793-795 ; Bank of America v. County of Los Angeles, 270 Cal.App.2d 165, 171 [ 75 Cal.Rptr. 444 ]; Widdows v. Koch, 263 Cal.App.2d 228, 237, 239 [ 69 Cal.Rptr. 464 ]; Burgdorf v. Funder, 246 Cal.App.2d 443, 448 [ 54 Cal.Rptr. 805 ]; Tietz v. Los Angeles Unified School Dist., 238 Cal.App.2d 905, 908-911 [ 48 Cal.Rptr. 245 ]; Ne Casek v. City of Los Angeles, 233 Cal.App.2d 131, 133 [ 43 Cal.Rptr. 294 ].) Defendants are not liable for the injury sustained	4	1968–2025
Kemmerer v. County of Fresno green calctapp · 1988 2 sentences 2025(Kemmerer, supra, 200 Cal.App.3d at p. 1438 ; see Johnson, supra, 69 Cal.2d at p. 789 [eschewing “purely mechanical analysis of ‘discretionary’ in favor of greater reliance on the policy considerations relevant to the purposes of granting immunity to the governmental agency whose employees act in discretionary capacities”].) “ ‘[E]xperience has shown that the common good is best served by permitting [public employees] to perform their assigned tasks without fear of being called to account in a civil action . . .’ [citation].” (Freeny v. City of San Buenaventura (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 1333, 134 2025Code, § 820.2 does not apply to “an officer’s conduct of an accident investigation after the officer made the discretionary decision to undertake the investigation].) 8 We point out that K.C. does not cite any laws existing at the time of the alleged incidents that compelled social workers responding to childhood sexual assault claims to achieve a particular result or left them “ ‘no choice’ ” (McCorkle, supra, 70 Cal.2d at p. 261 ) as to how to handle such claims. 11. subject [them] to the constant dread of retaliation. [Citation.]’ ” ( Kemmerer, supra, at p. 1437 , quoting Lipman v. Brisbane	1	2025–2025
McCorkle v. City of Los Angeles green cal · 1969 1 sentence 2025Code, § 820.2 does not apply to “an officer’s conduct of an accident investigation after the officer made the discretionary decision to undertake the investigation].) 8 We point out that K.C. does not cite any laws existing at the time of the alleged incidents that compelled social workers responding to childhood sexual assault claims to achieve a particular result or left them “ ‘no choice’ ” (McCorkle, supra, 70 Cal.2d at p. 261 ) as to how to handle such claims. 11. subject [them] to the constant dread of retaliation. [Citation.]’ ” ( Kemmerer, supra, at p. 1437 , quoting Lipman v. Brisbane	1	2025–2025

Statutes the citing opinions construe

CA § Cal. Government Code § 820.2 (5) CA § Cal. Government Code § 815.2 (3)

Counted by distinct opinions that both name this issue and are annotated to the section; sections every opinion cites regardless of issue are not filtered here, so read the counts against the total above.

Where else courts name it

CA 6 (1968–2025) TX 2 (2003–2003)

Opinions by the citing court's state. A doctrine retained in one state and abandoned in another shows up here as a year span that stalls.

← Caselaw search · G Cite Topics · Brief Check