7 canonical passages across 6 cases, quoted by 37 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Smart v. City of Wichita.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Smart v. City of Wichita Anchor | green | “creates a presumption that the defendant is immune from suit.” | 9 |
| 2 | Smart v. City of Wichita | green | “when a 1983 defendant asserts qualified immunity, this affirmative defense 'creates a presumption that the defendant is immune from suit.” | 7 |
| 3 | Sawyers v. Norton | green | “and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” | 5 |
| 4 | Emmett v. Armstrong | green | “accepting the version of the facts portrayed in the video, but only to the extent that it 'blatantly contradicts' plaintiff's version of events,” | 5 |
| 5 | Reavis v. Frost | green | “the salient question is whether the state of the law at the time of an incident provided 'fair warning' to the defendants that their alleged conduct was unconstitutional.” | 4 |
| 6 | Irizarry v. Yehia | green | “may raise a defense of qualified immunity.” | 4 |
| 7 | Roska v. Sneddon | green | “thus, at summary judgment, the court must grant qualified immunity unless the plaintiff can show (1) a reasonable jury could find facts supporting a violation of a constitutional right, which (2) was clearly established at the time of the defendant's conduct.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.