7 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 36 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Steven D. Martin.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Steven D. Martin Anchor | green | “unless it is more probable than not that the error materially affected the verdict.” | 7 |
| 2 | United States v. Steven D. Martin | green | “where an error is not of constitutional dimension, it is harmless unless it is more probable than not that the error materially affected the verdict.” | 7 |
| 3 | United States v. Leon Combs | green | “possessing a firearm during and in relation to” | 5 |
| 4 | United States v. Jermaine Savoires | green | “proper jury instructions can mitigate the risk of jury confusion and alleviate the doubt that would otherwise exist as to whether all members of the jury had found the defendant guilty of the same offense.” | 5 |
| 5 | United States v. James Marshall Shackelford (84-5995), Douglas McArthur Brooks (84-5998) | green | “when possible juror misconduct is brought to the trial judge's attention he has a duty to investigate and to determine whether there may have been a violation of the sixth amendment.” | 4 |
| 6 | United States v. Danny M. Rigsby | green | “a trial court's refusal to permit an evidentiary hearing may constitute abuse of discretion when the alleged jury misconduct involves extrinsic influences.” | 4 |
| 7 | United States v. Jermaine Savoires | green | “during and in relation to the commission of that crime, the defendant knowingly used or carried or possessed a firearm.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.