8 canonical passages across 6 cases, quoted by 32 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Crow v. Citicorp Acceptance Co., Inc..
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crow v. Citicorp Acceptance Co., Inc. Anchor | green | “if persons constituting a class are so numerous as to make it impracticable to bring them all before the court, such of them, one or more, as will fairly insure the adequate representation of all may, on behalf of all, sue or be sued.” | 7 |
| 2 | Frost v. Mazda Motor of America, Inc. | green | “the touchstone for appellate review of a rule 23 order . . . is to honor the 'broad discretion' allowed the trial court in all matters pertaining to class certification.” | 5 |
| 3 | Fisher v. Flue-Cured Tobacco Cooperative Stabilization Corp. | green | “a proper class exists 'when the named and unnamed members each have an interest in either the same issue of law or of fact, and that issue predominates over issues affecting only individual class members.” | 5 |
| 4 | Fisher v. Flue-Cured Tobacco Cooperative Stabilization Corp. | green | “claims must depend upon a common contention . . . capable of class-wide resolution-which means that determination of its truth or falsity will resolve an issue that is central to the validity of each one of the claims in one stroke” | 3 |
| 5 | Ruiz v. Texas | green | “after even a short confinement.” | 3 |
| 6 | Ruiz v. Texas | green | “the judiciary may be required, within its proper jurisdiction and authority, to determine whether workable alternative systems for long term confinement exist, and, if so, whether a correctional system should be required to adopt them.” | 3 |
| 7 | Faulkenbury v. Teachers' & State Employees' Retirement System | green | “each of the parties had a claim based on what he or she contends is underpayment of retirement benefits. this claim predominates over issues affecting only one individual class member. this establishes a class.” | 3 |
| 8 | Beroth Oil Co. v. North Carolina Department of Transportation | green | “commended dps on its previous reform efforts, suggested that dps continue implementation of both current and future reform,” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.