11 canonical passages across 6 cases, quoted by 983 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Leon.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Leon Anchor | green | “so lacking in indicia of probable cause as to render official belief in its existence entirely unreasonable.” | 280 |
| 2 | Illinois v. Gates | green | “there is a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place.” | 208 |
| 3 | Illinois v. Gates | green | “fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place.” | 128 |
| 4 | Illinois v. Gates | green | “totality of the circumstances.” | 124 |
| 5 | United States v. Leon | green | “the exclusionary rule is designed to deter police misconduct rather than to punish the errors of judges and magistrates.” | 64 |
| 6 | United States v. Leon | green | “suppression of evidence obtained pursuant to a warrant should be ordered only on a case-by-case basis and only in those unusual cases in which exclusion will further the purposes of the exclusionary rule.” | 54 |
| 7 | Zurcher v. Stanford Daily | green | “the critical element in a reasonable search is not that the owner of the property is suspected of crime but that there is reasonable cause to believe that the specific 'things' to be searched for and seized are located on the property to which entry is sought.” | 52 |
| 8 | Brown v. Illinois | green | “so lacking in indicia of probable cause as to render official belief in its existence entirely unreasonable.” | 32 |
| 9 | United States v. Calandra | green | “a judicially created remedy designed to safeguard fourth amendment rights generally through its deterrent effect, rather than a personal constitutional right of the party aggrieved.” | 23 |
| 10 | United States v. Bennie Ree White | green | “close enough to the line of validity to make the officer's belief in the validity of the warrant objectively reasonable.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.