7 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 30 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Giaccio v. Pennsylvania.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Giaccio v. Pennsylvania Anchor | green | “it is established that a law fails to meet the requirements of the due process clause if it is so vague and standardless that it leaves the public uncertain as to the conduct it prohibits or leaves judges and jurors free to decide, without any legally fixed standards, what is pr…” | 6 |
| 2 | Harrell v. the Florida Bar | green | “under controlling case law, we apply the injury-in-fact requirement most loosely where first amendment rights are involved, lest free speech be chilled even before the law or regulation is enforced.” | 5 |
| 3 | Locke v. Shore | green | “a statute that governs the practice of an occupation is not unconstitutional as an abridgement of the right to free speech, so long as any inhibition of that right is merely the incidental effect of observing an otherwise legitimate regulation.” | 5 |
| 4 | Giaccio v. Pennsylvania | green | “it leaves the public uncertain as to the conduct it prohibits or leaves judges and jurors free to decide, without any legally fixed standards, what is prohibited and what is not in each particular case.” | 4 |
| 5 | Robert B. Liesegang, Sr., Roberto Sotelo, and Paul L. Fletcher v. Secretary of Veterans Affairs | green | “in the absence of any consequences for noncompliance, a law's timing provisions are at best precatory rather than mandatory.” | 4 |
| 6 | Locke v. Shore | green | “the overbreadth doctrine is 'strong medicine' that generally should be administered 'only as a last resort.” | 3 |
| 7 | Hallandale Professional Fire Fighters Local 2238 v. City Of Hallandale | green | “it is well-established that 'an actual injury can exist when the plaintiff is chilled from exercising her right to free expression or forgoes expression in order to avoid enforcement consequences.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.