7 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 30 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from De Reyes v. Waples Mobile Home Park Ltd. P'ship.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | De Reyes v. Waples Mobile Home Park Ltd. P'ship Anchor | green | “demonstrate that the disparity they complain of is the result of one or more of the practices that they are attacking . . . , specifically showing that each challenged practice has a significantly disparate impact' on the protected class.” | 5 |
| 2 | Babb v. Wilkie | green | “age discrimination plays any part in the way a decision is made.” | 5 |
| 3 | Jay Bauer v. Loretta Lynch | green | “disparate impact discrimination occurs when a facially neutral employment practice has a significantly discriminatory effect.” | 4 |
| 4 | Rodriguez v. United States | green | “demonstrate that the challenged practice is job-related for the position in question and consistent with business necessity” | 4 |
| 5 | Anas Elhady v. Charles Kable, IV | green | “we find these decisions persuasive and decline the invitation to create a circuit split.” | 4 |
| 6 | Babb v. Wilkie | green | “be a but-for cause of discrimination-that is, of differential treatment.” | 4 |
| 7 | Babb v. Wilkie | green | “broadly defines a 'personnel action' to include most employment- related decisions, such as appointment, promotion, work assignment, compensation, and performance reviews.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.