3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 29 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Rico v. Rodriguez.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rico v. Rodriguez Anchor | green | “this court reviews constitutional challenges de novo.” | 12 |
| 2 | Hodel v. Indiana | green | “a clear showing of arbitrariness and irrationality” | 10 |
| 3 | Hodel v. Indiana | green | “social and economic legislation ... that does not employ suspect classifications or impinge on fundamental rights must be upheld against equal protection attack when the legislative means are rationally related to a legitimate governmental purpose.” | 7 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.