6 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 200 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Cottone v. Jenne.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cottone v. Jenne Anchor | green | “an inference that the supervisor or employer directed the subordinates to act unlawfully or knew that the subordinates would act unlawfully and failed to stop them from doing so.” | 40 |
| 2 | Hartley Ex Rel. Hartley v. Parnell | green | “supervisory officials are not liable under 1983 for the unconstitutional acts of their subordinates on the basis of respondeat superior or vicarious liability.” | 39 |
| 3 | Columbus Brown, A/K/A Lenwood Johnson v. Fred Crawford, Director of Dade County Jail | green | “when a history of widespread abuse puts the responsible supervisor on notice of the need to correct the alleged deprivation, and he fails to do so,” | 32 |
| 4 | Angel L. Rosa v. Florida Department of Corrections | green | “because vicarious liability is inapplicable to 1983 actions, a plaintiff must plead that each government-official defendant, through the official's own individual actions, has violated the constitution.” | 32 |
| 5 | Hartley Ex Rel. Hartley v. Parnell | green | “it is well established in this circuit that supervisory officials are not liable under 1983 for the unconstitutional acts of their subordinates on the basis of respondeat superior or vicarious liability.” | 29 |
| 6 | Columbus Brown, A/K/A Lenwood Johnson v. Fred Crawford, Director of Dade County Jail | green | “deprivations that constitute widespread abuse sufficient to notify the supervising official must be obvious, flagrant, rampant and of continued duration, rather than isolated occurrences.” | 28 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.