5 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 28 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Allard v. Commonwealth.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Allard v. Commonwealth Anchor | green | “principal in the second degree may be indicted, tried, convicted and punished as if a principal in the first degree.” | 9 |
| 2 | Pugliese v. Commonwealth | green | “accompanying a person with full knowledge that the person intends to commit a crime and doing nothing to discourage it bolsters the perpetrator's resolve, lends countenance to the perpetrator's criminal intentions, and thereby aids and abets the actual perpetrator in the commiss…” | 6 |
| 3 | Sutton v. Commonwealth | green | “actual participation in the commission of the crime is not necessary” | 5 |
| 4 | Dustin Scott Jones v. Commonwealth of Virginia | green | “taking, with intent to steal, of the personal property of another, from his person or in his presence, against his will, by violence or intimidation.” | 5 |
| 5 | Owens v. Commonwealth | green | “a person assisting his confederate to commit a crime is accountable for all crimes committed by the confederate in furtherance of the criminal enterprise . . . .” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.