8 canonical passages across 6 cases, quoted by 28 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from City of Bellmead v. Torres.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | City of Bellmead v. Torres Anchor | green | “to refrain from causing injury willfully, wantonly, or through gross negligence.” | 5 |
| 2 | Texas Utilities Electric Co. v. Timmons | green | “the only duty a premises owner or occupier owes a trespasser is not to injure him willfully, wantonly, or through gross negligence.” | 5 |
| 3 | City of Bellmead v. Torres | green | “absolves property owners of liability for injuries to others using the property for recreation so long as the property owner does not engage in grossly negligent conduct or act with malicious intent or in bad faith.” | 3 |
| 4 | City of Bellmead v. Torres | green | “engage in grossly negligent conduct or act with malicious intent or in bad faith” | 3 |
| 5 | City of Houston v. Cavazos | green | “the essence of gross negligence is the awareness of a substantial risk of harm, and a refusal to take steps to eliminate that risk, in a conscious disregard of the safety and welfare of others.” | 3 |
| 6 | Texas Department of Transportation v. City of Sunset Valley | green | “governmental entities may be liable for nuisances created or maintained in the course of non-negligent grossly negligent performance of governmental functions.” | 3 |
| 7 | State v. Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan Society | green | “except for a governmental unit.” | 3 |
| 8 | City of Lubbock v. Rule | green | “and, in stressing the word conduct, we emphasize that the duty does not encompass injury arising from condition of realty but only injury arising from the activity or conduct of the occupier.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.