8 canonical passages across 7 cases, quoted by 27 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Jackson v. United States.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jackson v. United States Anchor | green | “whether a seizure has occurred for fourth amendment purposes is a question of law which this court reviews de novo, deferring to the trial court's factual findings, unless clearly erroneous.” | 5 |
| 2 | V.C.B. v. United States | green | “it is incumbent upon us, in this case as in any other, to eschew appellate fact-finding and to avoid usurping the function of the trial court.” | 4 |
| 3 | ALBERT JONES v. UNITED STATES | green | “may well doubt that the officer would allow him to avoid or terminate the encounter and just walk away.” | 3 |
| 4 | ALBERT JONES v. UNITED STATES | green | “more intimidating if the person is by himself, if more than one officer is present, or if the encounter occurs in a location that is secluded or out of public sight.” | 3 |
| 5 | United States v. Joshimar Rodriguez Lozano | green | “the state of relations between law enforcement and members of minority communities” | 3 |
| 6 | Gamble v. United States | green | “the practice of avoiding constitutional issues if it is reasonably possible to do so is predicated on a fundamental rule of judicial restraint, which is perhaps more deeply rooted than any other doctrine of constitutional adjudication.” | 3 |
| 7 | Henson v. United States | green | “fairly plagued with numerous complaints” | 3 |
| 8 | Robinson v. United States | green | “an intervening event or other attenuating circumstance purged the taint of the initial illegality so as to obviate suppression.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.