13 canonical passages across 13 cases, quoted by 616 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Kentucky v. Graham.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kentucky v. Graham Anchor | green | “official-capacity suits . . . 'generally represent only another way of pleading an action against an entity of which an officer is an agent.” | 216 |
| 2 | Emil Jutrowski v. Township of Riverdale | green | “each government official, his or her title notwithstanding, is only liable for his or her own misconduct.” | 83 |
| 3 | Pocono Mountain Charter School v. Pocono Mountain School District | green | “no pennsylvania statute establishes, and no pennsylvania court has recognized, a private cause of action for damages under the pennsylvania constitution.” | 47 |
| 4 | Wexford Health v. Garrett | green | “in general, an amended pleading supersedes the original pleading and renders the original pleading a nullity. thus, the most recently filed amended complaint becomes the operative pleading.” | 38 |
| 5 | Smith v. Mensinger | green | “o long as certain procedural requirements are satisfied, mere allegations of falsified evidence or misconduct reports, without more, are not enough to state a due process claim.” | 35 |
| 6 | Brian Lewis v. Bobby Jindal | green | “it is well-settled that the decision whether to file criminal charges against an individual lies within the prosecutor's discretion, and private citizens do not have a constitutional right to compel criminal prosecution.” | 33 |
| 7 | Peter Bistrian v. Troy Levi | green | “in evaluating a pretrial detainee's claim of unconstitutional punishment, courts must examine the totality of the circumstances within the institution.” | 32 |
| 8 | Bryan Santini v. Joseph Fuentes | green | “in an excessive force case, we determine whether a constitutional violation has occurred using the fourth amendment's objective reasonableness test.” | 30 |
| 9 | Wilson v. Seiter | green | “nothing so amorphous as 'overall conditions' can rise to the level of cruel and unusual punishment when no specific deprivation of a single human need exists.” | 28 |
| 10 | Central Bank of Denver, N. A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N. A. | red | “we have been quite reluctant to infer a private right of action from a criminal prohibition alone.” | 26 |
| 11 | Casey Dooley v. John Wetzel | green | “personal involvement requires particular 'allegations of personal direction or of actual knowledge and acquiescence.” | 25 |
| 12 | Monroe v. Beard | green | “under the first and fourteenth amendments, prisoners retain a right of access to the courts.” | 17 |
| 13 | Ekwunife v. City of Philadelphia | green | “these conclusory allegations, which merely parrot the standard of liability, are insufficient to state a claim for 1983 liability under monell” | 6 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.