4 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 26 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Ames Rental Property Ass'n v. City of Ames.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ames Rental Property Ass'n v. City of Ames Anchor | green | “is not required or expected to produce evidence to justify its legislative action.” | 8 |
| 2 | Racing Ass'n of Central Iowa v. Fitzgerald | green | “the best and most clearly defined bill of rights.” | 6 |
| 3 | John Baker and Valerie Baker v. City of Iowa City, Iowa and Iowa City Human Rights Commission | green | “a legislative choice is not subject to courtroom factfinding and may be based on rational speculation unsupported by evidence or empirical data.” | 6 |
| 4 | Hoover v. Iowa State Highway Commission | green | “appearing . . . at the very threshold of the iowa bill of rights, article i, section 1's constitutional safeguard is thereby emphasized and shown to be paramount.” | 6 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.