7 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 24 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Howard Grant.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Howard Grant Anchor | green | “an agreement may be inferred from concert of action, voluntary participation may be inferred from a collection of circumstances, and knowledge may be inferred from surrounding circumstances.” | 5 |
| 2 | United States v. Girod | green | “subject to a harmless-error analysis.” | 4 |
| 3 | United States v. Ernest Nda Akpan Chijioke Victor Okoro, M.D., Also Known as Victor Okoro, Also Known as Chiji v. Okoro | green | “that the scheme depended for its success in some way upon the information and documents which passed through the mail.” | 3 |
| 4 | United States v. Ernest Nda Akpan Chijioke Victor Okoro, M.D., Also Known as Victor Okoro, Also Known as Chiji v. Okoro | green | “acts with the intent to defraud when he acts knowingly with the specific intent to deceive for the purpose of causing pecuniary loss to another or bringing about some financial gain to himself.” | 3 |
| 5 | United States v. Mehmood Patel | green | “not lightly overturn a determination by the trier of fact that the accused possessed the requisite intent.” | 3 |
| 6 | United States v. Robert Read | green | “(1) the defendant devised or intended to devise a scheme to defraud, (2) the mails were used for the purpose of executing, or attempting to execute, the scheme, and (3) the falsehoods employed in the scheme were material.” | 3 |
| 7 | United States v. Robert Read | green | “the scheme involved false representations.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.