5 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 24 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Ex Parte Chemical Lime of Alabama, Inc..
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ex Parte Chemical Lime of Alabama, Inc. Anchor | green | “allow a plaintiff to avoid the bar of a statute of limitations by fictitiously naming defendants for which actual parties can later be substituted.” | 10 |
| 2 | Crawford v. Sundback | green | “the same policy considerations which require a plaintiff to amend his complaint within a reasonable time after learning the defendant's true identity also require the plaintiff to proceed in a reasonably diligent manner in determining the true identity of the defendant.” | 5 |
| 3 | Davis v. Mims | green | “whether the plaintiff knew, or should have known, or was on notice, that the substituted defendants were in fact the parties described fictitiously.” | 4 |
| 4 | Ex Parte Chemical Lime of Alabama, Inc. | green | “the undisputed evidence shows that the plaintiff failed to act with due diligence in identifying the fictitiously named defendant as the party the plaintiff intended to sue.” | 3 |
| 5 | Ex Parte Jackson | green | “in a narrow class of cases involving fictitious parties and the relation-back doctrine,” | 2 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.