4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 24 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Landon Michael v. Joshua Trevena.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Landon Michael v. Joshua Trevena Anchor | green | “whether the amount of force used was objectively reasonable under the particular circumstances.” | 7 |
| 2 | Thompson v. City of Monticello, Ark. | green | “the fourth amendment's prohibition against unreasonable seizures of the person applies to excessive-force claims that arise in the context of an arrest or investigatory stop of a free citizen” | 6 |
| 3 | Landon Michael v. Joshua Trevena | green | “(1) the severity of the crime at issue; (2) whether the suspect posed an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others; and (3) whether the suspect is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight.” | 6 |
| 4 | Marcus Blazek v. Juan Santiago | green | “when a person is subdued and restrained with handcuffs, a 'gratuitous and completely unnecessary act of violence' is unreasonable and violates the fourth amendment.” | 5 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.