4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 24 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Johnathan Lacy v. Cook County, Illinois.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Johnathan Lacy v. Cook County, Illinois Anchor | green | “both (1) knowledge that a harm to a federally protected right is substantially likely, and (2) a failure to act upon that likelihood.” | 8 |
| 2 | Richard Wagoner v. Indiana Department of Correcti | green | “must prove that he is a 'qualified individual with a disability,' that he was denied 'the benefits of the services, programs, or activities of a public entity' or otherwise subjected to discrimination by such an entity, and that the denial or discrimination was 'by reason of' hi…” | 6 |
| 3 | Richard Wagoner v. Indiana Department of Correcti | green | “the benefits of the services, programs, or activities of a public entity” | 6 |
| 4 | Wisconsin Community Services, Inc. v. City of Milwaukee | green | “(1) the defendant intentionally acted on the basis of the disability, (2) the defendant refused to provide a reasonable modification, or (3) the defendant's rule disproportionally impacts disabled people.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.