3 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 23 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Bottenfield v. Commonwealth.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bottenfield v. Commonwealth Anchor | green | “the commonwealth has the burden to prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that a defendant's confession was freely and voluntarily given.” | 12 |
| 2 | Terrell v. Commonwealth | green | “must consider the interrogation techniques employed, including evidence of trickery and deceit, psychological pressure, threats or promises of leniency, and duration and circumstances of the interrogation.” | 7 |
| 3 | Commonwealth v. Peterson | green | “the defendant's age, intelligence, mental and physical condition, background and experience with the criminal justice system, the conduct of the police, and the circumstances of the interview.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.